Logical Framework Analysis

Plan 205 - Project Planning and Development (c.diaz)

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 The Logical Framework Approach

Analytical, presentational and management tool which can help

planners and managers:
Analyze the existing situation
Establish a logical hierarchy of means by which objectives will
be reached
Establish how outputs and outcomes might best be monitored
and evaluated
Present a summary in a standard format

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 The Logical Framework Approach
The approach involves problem analysis, stakeholder analysis,
developing a hierarchy of objectives and selecting a preferred
implementation strategy

Problem Analysis Stakeholder Analysis

Developing a Hierarchy of
Objectives

Selecting a Preferred
Implementation Strategy
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 What is a “Logical Framework
Matrix”?
The product of logical framework analysis

A summary of:
what are intended to be done and how,
what the assumptions are, and
how outputs will be monitored and evaluated

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 The Logical Framework Matrix

Description Indicators Means of Assumptions

Verification

Goal
Purpose
Component
Objective
Outputs
Activities
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 The Vertical Logic
Identifies what the intentions are, clarifies the causal relationships,
and specifies the important assumptions and uncertainties beyond
the manager’s control

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 The Vertical Logic
Goal National and sectoral objectives
Purpose What the program is expected to achieve in terms of
development outcome
Component Objective statement per component
Objectives
Outputs Specific results and tangible products (goods and
services) produced by undertaking a series of activities
Activities Specific tasks undertaken to achieve required outputs

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 Horizontal Logic
Defines how objectives specified in description will be measured,
and the means by which the measurement will be verified

Provides the framework for monitoring and evaluation

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 The Horizontal Logic
Indicators
Information needed to
determine progress towards
meeting project objectives
Should have a clearly defined
unit of measurement and a
target detailing quantity,
quality, and timing of
expected results
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Means of Verification
Specify expected source of
information needed to collect
data
Assumptions
Conditions which could affect
progress of success of project
Positive statement of a condition
that must be met to achieve
project activities
 The Logical Framework Matrix Structure and
Sequence for Completion

Description Indicators Means of Verification (MOVs) Assumptions

Goal Indicators MOVs

Purpose Indicators MOVs Assumptions
Component Indicators MOVs Assumptions
Objectives
Outputs Indicators MOVs Assumptions

Activities Milestones Management Reports on Assumptions

specified in Physical & Financial Progress
activity schedules

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CLARIFYING the CONCEPTS

Input - resources and other required interventions (i.e.

inputs to the project)
Output - government interventions designed to
effectively and significantly affect the target
beneficiaries (i.e. the project)
Impacts or Outcome - level and changes in the
welfare status of target beneficiaries (i.e. the
measurable changes on indices as a result of the
project)
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Source: http://www.worldbank.org/html/opr/pmi/maintx10.html#IMPORT
Objectives Tree
Reading down
•Prepared answers the questions
“why and how?” - what
after do we need to do to
achieve this result?
Problem
Trees Reading across
answers the question
“what else?” – what
additional things do we
need to do to achieve
the next objective?

Reading up answers the

question “so what?” –
what is the significance of
our accomplishments?

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3 Source: http://www.worldbank.org/html/opr/pmi/maintx10.html#IMPORT
Problem Trees
Help in the analysis of the existing situation:
Major problems and their main causal relationships are
identified and discussed.
The output is a graphical arrangement of problems
differentiated according to :
‘causes’
‘effects,’
joined by a core, or focal, problem.
Problems trees as a technique help facilitate the
understanding of:
the context and interrelationship of problems, and
potential impacts when targeting projects and programs
toward specific issues.

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15 Source: http://www.seafdec.org.ph/DREAM_MINI_WEB/images/problem_tree.gif
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Source: www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5793e/y5793e02.jpg
 TRAFFIC
CONGESTION

AIR &
Manifestation NOISE
POLLUTION
Problems INCREASED
HIDDEN INACCESSIBILITY
ROAD OF UNDER
ACCIDENTS ETC. ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION

Inadequate Cost

Increased Poor Traffic Recovery

Higher
income & Mgt. & Inadequate Measures
Population
vehicle Enforcement transport
Growth
ownership Facilities
Inadequately

Root Trained Staff

Increase Incompatible Poor Infra
Problems Increase urban Traffic Mix Maintenance
vehicle used Expansion
Mgt. Etc.

Inefficiently
Inadequate Incompatible urban
Longer Average Operated
Land Use Form Density
Trip-Making Public
Control Configuration
Transport
services

17 Source: Lidasan, Hussein – Lecture Notes on Transportation Planning

 Steps in Preparing a Problem Tree
1. List all the problems that come to mind. Problems should be carefully
identified: they should be existing problems, not possible, imagined or
future ones. NOTE: A problem is an existing negative or undesired
situation. It is NOT the absence of a solution.
2. From among the problems listed, identify a core problem (you may
need to go through this by trial and error).
3. Determine which problems are “Causes” and which are “Effects.”
4. Following the structure of a Problem Tree, arrange the problems in
the hierarchy Causes and Effects, i.e., how are they related? which
problem causes or leads to the other, etc.

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 Assignment:
Prepare the following:
A problem tree showing the hierarchy of problems in your locality.
From this problem tree, identify a core problem that needs to be
addressed
Develop an objectives tree that responds to the core problem
through the various impacts that can be brought about by the
outcomes of the outputs of several activities designed to respond
to the problem (see previous slide)
Develop a simple Log-Frame for the entire undertaking

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 LOGFRAME Examples

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Strengthening the Management of Contingent Liabilities
in Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Projects, PEGR (AusAid)
Hierarchy Objectively Verifiable Means of Verification Assumption(s)
Indicators

Goal: To improve public Decline in total debt stock plus Review of objective indicators Improved debt and risk
financial management quantified contingent liabilities and debt statistics management system is
through debt and risk as a percentage of Philippine important in improving
management GDP Review of reform agenda public financial
impacts to be undertaken by an management
external reviewer (as suggested
by proponents, partner agencies
or AusAid

Purpose: Strengthen the Decrease in the stock of Debt statistics and budget A good number of
oversight capacity for contingent liabilities reports contingent liabilities have
effective and efficient crystallized into actual
management of Decrease in contingent liabilities of the
government’s contingent liabilities materializing into government
liabilities within a well- actual liabilities
defined and coordinated
framework Ample budgetary reserve for
CL exposure
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Hierarchy Objectively Verifiable Indicators Means of Verification Assumption(s)

OBJECTIVE OF Outputs figure into policy Reports by the Required baseline, diagnostics and
ACTIVITY 1: discussions and planning for agencies; review relevant to the development
Review, clarify and proposed changes in systems or documentations, press of methodologies and frameworks
analyze current functions release and/or policy on guarantee management, risk
systems, mechanism statements management and contingent liability
and arrangements on Oversight agencies adopt management
explicit contingent recommendations made Third-party
liabilities review/assessment of Take stock of current systems,
Updated contingent liabilities data source of data on operational procedures,
shared to and employed by the contingent liabilities arrangements, etc.
oversight agencies in reports and
decision-making

OBJECTIVE OF Elements of the proposed system of Third-party Capacity building activities,

ACTIVITY 2: guarantee management, risk review/assessment methodologies, frameworks and
Strengthen the management, contingent liabilities systems required
management of management and budgetary
government provisioning of contingent liabilities Technical skills need improvement
guarantees, risks and adopted by partner agencies
contingent liabilities

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 Hierarchy Objectively Verifiable Means of Verification Assumption(s)
Indicators

OBJECTIVE OF Participants attended all Review of submitted To have holistic capacity

ACTIVITY 3: activities and accomplished all reports building activities, including
Provide participants requirements of the study tour advisory services,
practical exposure to and Third-party coaching, mentoring,
familiarization with good review/assessment consultations, etc.
practice in risk
management Exposure good practices
and management of
explicit contingent
liabilities

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 INTERMODAL TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, Asian Development
Bank (ADB)

Design Summary Performance Monitoring Assumptions

Indicators/Targets Mechanisms and Risks

Goals: GDP increased Government official

Economic growth in statistics
Mindanao and Palawan Per capita income
increased ADB monitoring of
Reduced poverty in baseline indicators
Mindanao and Palawan Number of private
in airport and ADB poverty
increased assessment
indicators
Percentage of
below poverty Baseline surveys
decreased.

Rural employment
increased
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Design Summary Performance
Indicators/Targets
Purposes: Passenger traffic increased
Improved transport Freight traffic increased
accessibility, efficiency
and sustainability in Service frequency on
Mindanao and Palawan, selected routes increased
with a focus on high
poverty areas. Accident rates reduced
Transport fares on selected routes
decreased
Travel time on selected
routes decreased
Number of direct routes
increased
Increased private sector Private operators will be
participation (PSP) in involved in the newly
intermodal transport designed public-private
infrastructure investments partnership investments
and services and operations.
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Monitoring
Mechanisms
Government official statistics
Operator statistics
Traffic monitoring surveys
Project Completion Report
(PCR)
Project Performance Audit
Reports (PPAR)
Assumptions
and Risks
Purpose to Goal
Assumptions:
Stable peace and order
situation in the project areas
Facilities will be properly
maintained and will not
deteriorate.
New business enterprises will
emerge as a consequence
ofimproved transport efficiency.
Risk:
General legal and regulatory
framework for PSP is not
improved.
Design Summary
Outputs:
Framework for intermodal
transport strategy in Mindanao
and Palawan strengthened
Transport infrastructure
and facilities upgraded
Transport service operation
reorganized and
expanded
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Performance
Indicators/Targets
Plan prepared and agreed
upon by the end of July
2005
Agency’s capacity improved
Selected airports and ports upgraded
Traffic safety measures at selected
ports and airports implemented
New routes established
Level of service on selected routes
improved
Sustainable funding mechanism
established
Monitoring
Mechanisms
Published intermodal
transport strategies, plans, and
programs
Transport infrastructure
maintenance budget and
expenditure records
EA and IA Progress reports
ADB review missions
Consultant's reports
PCR and PPAR
Assumptions
and Risks
Output to Purpose
Assumption:
Competition in transport
services allows reduction of
transport costs leading to
reduction of transport fares.
Risk:
High capital investment in
infrastructure development,
limited experience and low
capacity in the PSP scheme may
result in poor services.
Design Summary Performance Monitoring Assumptions
Indicators/Targets Mechanisms and Risks

Activities: Implementation period and Project Management Office Activity to Output

Intermodal transport
reform
Airport construction
Port construction
Airport/port access road
construction
agencies responsible for every
activities are to be determined during
the PPTA implementation.
reports
Assumptions:
Training workshop reports Counterpart organization is
amenable to proposed reforms.
ADB review missions
Consultant's reports Private sector is interested in the
infrastructure investments and
PCR and PPAR transport service operations.

Land acquisition and

rehabilitation

Transport service development

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