Understanding

Ideologies Political
Political Ideology: Its Role
and Functions
 Understand how political ideologies
At the end of this 1
make sense to state and society;

lesson, you will be Compare the various political

2
ideologies of the political
able to: spectrum; and
Analyze the respective views and
3
ideas of the various political
ideologies on society, economy,
4 government and citizens
 SPECTRUM REVOLUTION LIBERAL

UNLOCKING OF

DIFFICULTIES
1. spectrum (noun)- 2. revolution (noun)- 3. liberal
used to classify a forcible overthrow (adjective)- open to
something, of a government or new
or suggest that it can social order, in favor behavior or opinions
be classified, in terms of a new system. and willing to
of its position discard traditional
on a scale between values.
two extreme or
opposite points.
Ideology

What is Ideology?

Ideology refers to a set of beliefs and ideas that shape

an individual's or a group's views, actions, and
interactions with the world.
 FOUR KEY FUNCTIONS
Ideology

1 2 3 4

it explains how it evaluates it orients those it provides a

society and whether a who subscribe program or plan of
politics are certain political to it to have a action that will
organized and action or sense of identity bring about
how various program is and direction; political change.
aspects of good or bad;
politics work;
 Political ideology...

Political It emphasizes
certain values, principles,

Ideology and ideals which distinguish

it from other political
ideologies.
outlines the role of
government and the
economy in society
is a set of beliefs and
is also the basis for the
·
ideas that define development of a political
A political
culture,ideology
which is outlines
a set of beliefs,
political activities, attitudes, and behavior
the role of
that
government and the
defineeconomy
political processes
in society.and
policies, and events.
governance.
Political Add your Add your
idea here idea here

Spectrum
MDM Company June 1, 2021

The political spectrum is a graphic representation of political ideologies

along a line from left to right. The left side of the line includes those
that adhere to liberal and socialist ideologies, while the right side of the
line presents those that conform to conservative and fascist ideologies. The
center of the line represents a moderate or "centrist" ideology which
balances the ideas from the left and right sides of the political spectrum.

• This is traced to the French Revolution
and the Estates General, the legislative
body of the French government.
• These include liberalism, social
democracy, socialism, and anarchism.
"Rightist' or "right wing" ideologies
emphasize government power and
authority.
• These include neoliberalism,
conservatism, reactionism, and
fascism.
It can thus be
said that on the "leftist" side, liberalism
is the most moderate
ideology while anarchism is the most
extreme; while on the "right
wing" side, neoliberalism is the most
moderate while fascism is the most
extreme. "Centrist" ideas, meanwhile,
combine elements from both the
left and right and advocate more
moderate policies.
 4. Envisions an
1. Emphasis on 6. Often advocates
egalitarian society
personal political and social
where there is no
liberty and human change through
Left rights
distinction between
peopl based on revolutionary means
(liberaL - 2. Government \ economic status or 7. Most extreme
regulation identity views advocate the
socialist)
of the market 5. Seeks a limited dismantling of the
3. Government role for the government to be
control government, especially replaced by
over essential with regard to private communitybased
services and matters and individual
governance
decisions
 1.Combines ideas 3. Seeks the
and principles "middle ground" 5. May lean toward some
center from both the left in political leftist ideas or
(moderate) and the right issues policies
(center-left), or may
prefer some right-wing
2. Emphasizes 4. Seeks to ideas or policies
balance between maintain the (center-right)
extreme views and status quo in
ideas politics and
 Start Stop Continue

• Emphasis on the 4. Emphasizes the 6. Prefers a strong

welfare of the rule of law and military and seeks to

RIGHT state or the

"common good"
the power of the
project a powerful
image in international
(CONSERVATIVE-FA state,
SCIST) 2. Individual affairs
interests should especially in 7. Most extreme views
give way to times of crisis demand total control
national or state (authoritarian) over all aspects of
interests 5. Often the lives of
3. Markets their citizens
nationalistic and
should be free (totalitarian)
ethnic-centered
Similar ideologies (i.e., those that belong to the
"same side" in the
political spectrum) do not necessarily agree on
some views regarding politics, NOTE
economy, and society, and that ideologies often !
give rise to other branches that may espouse some
extreme or radically unique views on politics and
society.
 THE NOLAN CHART

• are diagrams that plot political ideologies along two axes based on the
political spectrum (left-right) and social freedom
(authoritarian-libertarian).
• political ideas from one side of the spectrum may overlap or relate with
those from the opposite side, and that citizens and groups may
espouse ideas that are influenced, in various degrees, by both sides of
the political spectrum.
political compass nolan
chart
 June 1, 2021

Major Ideologies
and Related Ideas
 Liberalism

What's your morning routine?

·
This ideology considers economic and social inequality as undesirable and seeks to
establish a society that provides opportunities for growth to all individuals. Public
policy, therefore, must be oriented toward eliminating discrimination and barriers to
growth and development. All citizens must have access to essential
services such as health care, education, and social security. Liberalism upholds the
recognition of human rights and freedoms such as freedom of speech
and freedom of religion, gender equality, and a secular government.
 Social Democracy

This ideology seeks to implement socialist reforms in society

within the framework of a democratic government and capitalist
economy. Social democrats advocate government regulation of
the economy, income distribution, and the promotion of social
welfare. Social democracy envisions the establishment of a
socialist state through legal, nonviolent means.
 How are you feeling?
·
Communism is a socialist ideology that
believes that inequality is a result of

Socialism capitalism and the existence of a class system.

Society, therefore, must be transformed to
eliminate class divisions in order to achieve
equality. ·
Marxism is a communist ideology that
Socialism envisions the establishment of a state believes capitalist societies are
1 characterized by public ownership of
resources and the means of production.
characterized by class conflict or the
There is democratic control over the use of struggle between the working class
2 resources and the production of goods and and the capitalists. Marxists believe
·
services are done in a cooperative manner.
that the working class or the
3 The government ensures that all citizens
proletariat will lead a revolution that
have free access to goods and services.
will establish a communist society.
Anarchism

• This is the most extreme of the ideologies on the left as it advocates

the total dismantling and elimination of the state.
• For anarchists, the state is undesirable as its various aspects such as
control, political authority, and hierarchy represent everything that is
detrimental to freedom and individualism.
• Anarchists advocate the establishment of self-governed communities
where individuals manage their affairs through cooperative effort and
mutual respect.
Neoliberalism Add your
idea here

• This ideology is based on laissez-faire economics which upholds free markets and
trade liberalization.
• Neoliberals believe that economic growth is key to human progress, and that the
government must not intervene in the activities of markets and capitalists.
• This ideology gained popularity during the 1980s and was implemented by the
governments of the United Kingdom and the United States.
• In particular, the Reagan administration of the United States advocated "trickle
down" economics - a policy that reduced taxes on the wealthy and businesses.
 Conservatism Add your
idea here
Add your
idea here

• This ideology upholds a strong, stable government and the firm implementation of laws.
Conservatives value continuity of tradition and are more nationalistic, religious, and moralistic in
their political views. This view also upholds the existence of a free market with limited intervention
from the government.
• Conservatives also prefer a strong military and advocate a strong presence in international affairs.
In the United States, conservative thought adheres to the belief in a "limited government" in the
sense that government should not interfere in the individual beliefs and decisions of its citizens.
• It is the view of conservatives that social problems are not the concern of the government and
should be addressed at the local or community level.
 Reactionism Add your
idea here
Add your
idea here

This ideology is a variation of conservatism. While

conservatism seeks to maintain the status quo, reactionism
advocates a return to the "old ways". Reactionaries consider the
present state of society as flawed and looks to the past which they
consider as a more orderly and better time. Society, therefore,
should change in a way that traditional practices and previous
state policies are revived.
 Fascism

• This is a radical right-wing ideology that is based on fierce nationalism and authoritarianism.
Fascism advocates a very strong central government, with many of the aspects of democratic
government subject to restrictions or even eliminated.
• Fascism emerged in Italy during 1930's, although this ideology also influenced the rise of the Nazi
Party in Germany and militarism in Japan.
• For fascists, society is in danger from various threats such as invasion, war, or rebellion, and a
very strong government with unlimited powers is needed to address these threats. The fascist
government is centered on a dictatorship, and political opposition and dissent is suppressed. For
fascists, the interests of the state is considered paramount, and individual liberties and interests
must give way to the interests of the state.
 Ideology and Governance
• The ideas and principles espoused by political
ideologies become the bases of state policies and
principles, which in turn defines laws and political
traditions.
• Citizens are also influenced by state ideologies.
• Many political groups have a core ideology as basis for
their fundamental beliefs, but may adopt some ideas
from other political ideologies.
·
• Many governments
seek a balance between left-leaning and
right-leaning policies, while some states
declare themselves to be fully committed to a
certain ideology. States that advocate
communist or socialist ideologies include
China, Laos, Cuba, and Vietnam.
• Fascist regimes emerged in Spain during the 1930s during the reign of
Francisco Franco,
• Peron administration of Argentina was also primarily influenced by
Fascist ideals.
• In Philippine politics, one important evidence of the influence of political
ideologies in governance is the 1987 Philippine Constitution. For
instance, Section 18 of Article VII, which defines the president's power
to suspend the writ of habeas corpus for a limited period of time and
declare martial law in times of emergency, is an essentially fascist
power.
• Article Ill (Bill of Rights) and Article XIII (Social Justice and Human
Rights) are expressions of liberal and socialist ideals
• Article XV (The Family) is influenced by conservative ideas as it upholds
the value of the Filipino family.
• Filipino party politics, however, is not fully influenced by political ideology.
Philippine political parties are seen more as political machines for
individual candidates to gain political office rather than platforms for
advocating political ideas.
• The prevalence of patronage politics, where politicians use state
resources to reward supporters, is also another factor that prevents the
emergence of an ideology-based party politics in the country.
 Ideology and Citizenship
• Political ideologies, in particular, are a product of state
indoctrination and an individual's own background,
• Ideology can be a source of stability and
experiences, and acquired knowledge.
• The influence of political ideology on citizen action is unity, especially if majority of the citizens
evident in four key areas: believe in the principles and values of the
1) respect for law and order; government.
2) political participation; • Being aware of one's political beliefs and
3) humanitarianism
values also helps in critically examining
and 4) political dissent, protest, and civil disobedience.
government actions and programs.
 1 John 5:20

We know also that the Son of God has

come and has given us understanding,
so that THANK
we may know him who is true. And we YOU!
are in him who is true – even in his
Son
Jesus Christ. He is the true God and
eternal life’