PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND 1.
To describe the issue using relevant
GOVERNANCE
I - WHAT IS POLITICS?
Politics refers to the formulation,
implementation, and adjudication of
laws and policies that dictates the ‘rules
of the game’ governing the actions of
the people.
FOUR VIEWS OF POLITICS
Politics as the art of government -
refers to all the activities and processes
that concern the affairs of the state.
 Government - The political
institution, with its corresponding
processes, which serves as an
instrument for maintaining order in
the state.
 Governance - the various ways
through which social life is
coordinated (one of which through
the government)
Politics as Public affairs - the line
between the public sphere (the state and
government institutions) and the
non-political private sphere.
Politics as compromise and consensus-
the practice of conducting debates,
deliberations, and negotiations in
resolving issues or conflicts concerning
the state instead of waging war.
Political Power - ability to exert
influence over others and struggle for
the distributions of scarce resources.
WHAT IS POLITICAL SCIENCE?
The systematic study of governance and
policies, political culture and activities,
power relations, and ideologies.
GOALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
systematic approaches.
2. To prescribe a holistic and efficient
solution to the problem.
TOOLS OF POLITICAL ANALYSIS
1. Concept - word of phase that
conveys a general idea to aids its
exploration, understanding, and analysis.
2. Model - an analytic framework
showing the relationship and
interactions among different concepts
and data.
3. Theory - a systematic explanation of
empirical data covering a broader scope
of a model.
4. Ideological traditions or paradigm
- are principle from philosophies or
schools of thought that direct or guide
the analysis of political phenomena.
II- WHAT IS POLITICAL
IDEOLOGIES?
Political ideologies is a set of ideas that
provides a basis for organized political
actions.
EVOLUTION OF DEOLOGIES
Structural changes
Politicization
BASIC TENETS OF MAJOR
IDEOLOGIES
LIBERALISM- the ideology prioritizes
individual interests and the notions of
freedom, liberty, rationalism, and
equality.
CONSERVATISM - this ideology
rejects attempts for change and reform
to conserve the traditions, customs and
instructions.
SOCIALISM- this ideology responds to
the experience of systematic exploitation
and social inequality by facilitation
social change within a community
FASCISM - this ideology seeks to unite
people for the glory of their nation and
race.
ANARCHISM- this ideology rejects any
dominant and coercive authority, like
the state or religious institutions.
1. Hard Power - focuses on military
interventions and economic sanctions to
achieve national interest or penalize
other states.
2. Soft Power - uses persuasion and
other means of appeal and attraction to
achieve a desired outcome instead of
coercion.
WHAT IS AUTHORITY?

FEMINISM - this ideology critiques the Authority - refers to the right to

inequality between males and female. influence the behavior of others based
on the duty to obey.

III- WHAT IS POWER? TYPES OF AUTHORITY

Power refers to the capability to Traditional Authority - derived from a

produce preferred results through traditions, customs, and institutions.
whatever means.
Charismatic Authority -derived from
INSTRUMENTS OF POWER the public perception of a leader.
1. Power through the use of force -
exercised using force to compel people Legal - Rational Authority - derived
to comply with policies set by the from the formulations and enforcement
authority. or rules and regulations.
2. Power through persuasion -
Ability to convince people that a certain
measure, action, or decision is correct
and valid.
3. Power through loyalty - shown in
the devotion of constituents to fulfill a
popular leader’s aspirations.

DIMENSIONS OF POWER

Dimension - Making Power - involves

measure and actions that control or
influence decisions.

Non-decision -Making power- involves

controlling the political agenda, where
issues or proposals get discussed or
barred from the political arena.

Power as thought control - involves

influencing others by shaping their
thoughts and preferences.

TYPES OF POWER