Diet Plan of an individual with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus

37 years old male patient, known hypertensive for 3 years and recently diagnosed with Diabetes
mellitus has been initiated on treatment with OADs and advised visit to Lifestyle Clinic of DHGMCH
for advise regarding Diet and Lifestyle changes. He is a clerk in Government office, smoker, drinks
alcohol 2-3 days in a week , does not exercise. His BMI as measured is 25kg/m2 , waist-hip ratio is
0.9, LFTs are normal, Lipids are normal except for Triglycerides 335mg/dl, renal and thyroid functions
are normal.

Recommendations :

A daily diet plan of approximately 1600Kcal/day , 60-65 gms protein/day, low fat, moderate
carbohydrates is to be followed. The patients is counselled to have the following food groups in his
daily diet .

Food Items Kcal Quantity Household Measure

Cooked Rice / Wheat Flour 480 150gms 3 cups / 5 chapatis
Dal / Fish (1pc) / Chicken ( 1pc) AND Egg ( 1 boiled) 180 50 gms 1 cup
Vegetables ( seasonal ) 150 500gms 1 cup cooked and 2
cups uncooked
Vegetables ( Roots and Tubers) 90 100gms ½ Cup
Milk ( without cream and sugar) 170 300ml 1 and Half glass
Curd ( preferably home made/ unsweetened) 150 250gms 2 cups
Bread ( preferably multigrain / brown) 120 50gms 2 slices
Fruits (seasonal) 90 150gms 2 servings
Oil 135 15gms 2 Teaspoons

The following points must be highlighted as part of the diet plan :

➢ Preference to whole grains like whole wheat, unpolished rice, whole pulses should be given
➢ Fruits should be preferably consumed with edible skin and seeds; fruit juices to be avoided
➢ Include salad with lunch and dinner; include seasonal and leafy vegetables in salad
➢ Avoid processed and packeted foods like chips, cookies, doughnuts; in biscuits prefer
multigrain / low sugar alternatives
➢ Avoid second helping and maintain portion sizes by eating in small plates.

Foods to be preferably avoided :

1) Fried Food : Samosa/ Pakora / Paratha/ Aloo Bhaja / fried finger foods
2) Sweets : Sugar / jaggery/ honey/ cake / chocolate / sweets / candy etc
3) Cold Drinks / Aerated Sweetened Beverages : All sweet drinks / sugarcane juice/ Tinned fruit
juice / Alcohol

Foods to be consumed in limited quantity:

1) Nuts : Almonds / walnuts/ cashews (1 cupped hand = 1 serving)

2) Fruits : Mango / Chickoo / Custard apple / Jackfruit/ Grapes / Litchi/ Banana
3) Vegetables : Potato / Yam/ Tapioca/ Sweet Potato
4) Ghee / Butter / Milk Cream / Red Meat

Fruits Allowed for Daily intake :

➢ 1 apple OR Pear / 1 orange / 5-6 cubes of water melon or Musk Melon / 5-6 cubes of Ripe
Papaya / 1 Guava

Special Instructions :
➢ Walk for 30-40 mins daily at least 5 days / week
➢ Drink at least 10-12 glasses ( ~2.5 litrs) water daily
➢ Quit Smoking
➢ Engage in Meditation / Pranayam for at least 10 mins daily to manage stress
➢ Ensure strict compliance to medication and timely Follow up at Endocrine OPD of DHGMCH