Volume 3

Eighth
BD Chaurasia’s Edition

Human
Anatomy
Regional and Applied Dissection and Clinical
As per Medical Council of India: Competency based Undergraduate Curriculum for the Indian Medical Graduate, 2018

Head and Neck

Chief Editor
Krishna Garg
MBBS MS PhD FIMSA FIAMS FAMS FASI
Member and Fellow, Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellow, Indian Academy of Medical Specialists
Fellow, International Medical Science Academy
Fellow, Anatomical Society of India
Lifetime Achievement Awardee
DMA Distinguished Service Awardee

Ex-Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy

Lady Hardinge Medical College
New Delhi

Editors

Pragati Sheel Mittal MBBS MS Mrudula Chandrupatla MBBS MD

Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy
Government Institute of Medical Sciences Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences
Greater Noida, UP Hyderabad, Telangana

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 to
my teacher
Shri Uma Shankar Nagayach
— BD Chaurasia
This human anatomy is not systemic but regional
Oh yes, it is theoretical as well as practical
Besides the gross features, it is chiefly clinical
Clinical too is very much diagrammatical.

Lots of tables for the muscles are provided

Even methods for testing are incorporated
Improved colour illustrations are added
So that right half of brain gets stimulated

Tables for muscles acting on joints are given

Tables for branches of nerves and arteries are given
Hope these volumes turn highly useful
Editors’ hardwork under Almighty’s guidance prove fruitful

Introduction
Nervous system is the chief controlling and co-
ordinating system of the body.
It is responsible for judgement, intelligence and
memory. Nervous system is highly evolved at the cost
of regeneration.
It is the most complex system of the body.
It adjusts the body to the surroundings and regulates
all bodily activities both voluntary and involuntary. The
sensory part of the nervous system collects information
from the surroundings and helps in gaining knowledge
and experience, whereas the motor part is responsible
for responses of the body.
Average weight of adult brain in air is 1500–2000
grams. Since brain floats in cerebrospinal fluid, it only
weighs 50 grams which is comfortable.
There are about 180–200 billion neurons in an adult
brain (very rich).
DIVISIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANATOMICAL
It is divided into:
1 Central nervous system (CNS) which comprises brain
and spinal cord. It is responsible for integrating,
Flowchart 1.1: Divisions of nervous system
1
The capacity of the mind is as great as that of space .
—Wei Lang
coordinating the sensory information and ordering
appropriate motor actions. CNS is the seat of
learning, memory, intelligence and emotions.
2 Peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes 12 pairs of
cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves. These
provide afferent impulses to CNS and carries
efferent impulses to muscles, glands and blood
vessels (Flowchart 1.1).
FUNCTIONAL
Peripheral nervous system functionally has two
components:
1 Afferent component provides sensory information to
CNS.
2 Efferent component carries motor information to
muscles, glands, blood vessels and heart via:
a. Somatic nervous system for the control of skeletal
muscles.
b. Autonomic nervous system for control of heart,
smooth muscle of the organs, glands and blood
vessels. It is subdivided into sympathetic and
parasympathetic parts.