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Bostwick & Weber Medical Terminology 2E Chapter 8

Chapter 8: The Nervous System

Overview
The nervous system is the body’s director. It sends messages to all parts of the body to direct
functions in each body system. The system includes the brain, spinal cord and the nerves.

Learning Outcomes
After completing this chapter, the student should be able to:
8.1 Identify the parts of the nervous system and discuss the function of each part.
8.2 Recall the major word parts used in building words that relate to the nervous system.
8.3 Identify the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing
and treating disorders of the nervous system.
8.4 Define the major pathological conditions of the nervous system.
8.5 Explain the meaning of surgical terms related to the nervous system.
8.6 Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the nervous
system.

Lecture Outline
• Case Study (LO 8.1)
o Structure and Function: Anthony was in a motor vehicle accident and
experienced trauma to the cerebellum.
LO 8.1
• The nervous system directs the function of all the human body systems. Every activity,
whether voluntary or involuntary, is controlled by some of the more than 100 billion
nerve cells throughout the body. The nervous system is divided into two subsystems: the
central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

LO 8.2
• Word roots and combining terms form medical terms. Medical terms are designed to
describe and provide consistency within health care.

LO 8.3
• Diagnostic, procedure and laboratory findings assist the physician is diagnosing medical
conditions. Often used in combination, these tests lead to a final diagnosis and assist in
treatment planning.

LO 8.4
• Trauma and congenital disorders can affect the nervous system. Some conditions,
depending on severity, may affect the person throughout the lifespan.
• Severe neurological disorders cause paralysis, convulsions, and other symptoms, but are
not necessarily degenerative or congenital.
• Infections and inflammations of the nervous system can be very serious, even deadly in
some cases. Some of the symptoms of nervous system infections and inflammations may
be exhibited as pain and even skin conditions.
• About one-third of all brain tumors are growths that spread from cancers in other parts of
the body (lungs, breasts, skin, and so on). The remaining tumors can be benign or

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Bostwick & Weber Medical Terminology 2E Chapter 8

malignant. In either case, the pressure and the distortion of the brain caused by the tumor
may result in many other neurological symptoms.
• Vascular disorders in the nervous system can cause significant changes in the person's
lifestyle. Depending on the severity, vascular disorders can be deadly.

LO 8.5
• Surgery is performed on the nervous system to treat a variety of diseases and disorders.
Surgery on the nervous system always high risk due to the potential for permanent injury.

LO 8.6
• Medications may be used to treat neurological disorders and diseases. Many
neurological medications may treat more than one neurological disorder.

Lesson Plan

Time Activity and Instruction Materials Learning

Outcomes
Introduction 5 minutes A person experienced a 8.1
head injury in a motor
vehicle accident. How
might this impact the rest
of the person’s life?
Lecture 30 minutes Lecture outline
Structure and Function PPT slides 8.1
1. The nervous system is
the body’s director. It
controls all activities
whether voluntary or
involuntary. Divide the
discussion into the central
nervous system (brain,
and spinal cord) and the
peripheral nervous
system.

2. The central nervous

system is “central” to the
body’s functions. Discuss
the parts of the brain and
then describe the spinal
cord and the meninges.

3. The peripheral nervous

system inlcudes the 12
pairs of cranial nerves and

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Bostwick & Weber Medical Terminology 2E Chapter 8

the 31 pairs of spinal

nerves. The peripheral
nervous system is further
divided into the aomatic
nervous system and the
autonomic nervous
system. The somatic
receives and processes
sensory input and excite
the voluntary muscles to
contract. The autonomic
nervous system handles
involuntary functions.

Word Building 8.2

Using the combining
forms have students build
as many words as they can
think of in a class. Make
sure they cover basic
words like neurologist,
meningitis, and
encephalitis.

Diagnostic, Procedural 8.3

and Laboratory Terms
1. Discuss the tests and
procedures making sure
students understand the
purpose of each test.

2. Many diagnostic
procedures can indicate a
number of different
diseases. Imaging is
advancing rapidly and
opportunities for careers
in imaging are on the rise.

Pathological Terms 8.4

The nervous system
diseases are divided into
sections which make it
easy to separately discuss
each category. Other than

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Bostwick & Weber Medical Terminology 2E Chapter 8

trauma disorders and

vascular disorders, there is
often little one can do to
avoid the diseases of this
system.

Surgical Terms 8.5

1. Include the major
surgical procedures for the
nervous system.

Pharmacological Terms 8.6

Provide an overview of
the major classes of drugs
for the nervous system.

Active Learning 10 minutes Any activity below 8.1-8.6

and Practice
Review 5 minutes Review terminology 8.1-8.6
Assignment Complete questions within 8.1-8.6
and at end of chapter.

Discussion Topics
• Discuss the impact of Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s chorea and Parkinson’s have on not
only the patient but the family.
• Identify the difference between a concussion and a contusion. What could happen to the
patient?
Written Assignments
• Have each student choose a part of the brain. Instruct them to research and present the
functions of and potential diseases or injuries that may occur in that part.
• Have students make flash cards for each combing form. Each flash card should show the
combining form on the front and have the definition and at least two examples on the
back.
• Have students identify how they may use nervous system information in their future
health care role.

Group Activities
• Have students quiz each other on correct spelling of medical terms.
• Have students identify side effects of medication classes that may be used to treat
nervous system disorders.

Internet Activity

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Bostwick & Weber Medical Terminology 2E Chapter 8

• Have student’s identify website that provide accurate information regarding nervous
system disorders.

Case Study
Have the student build a case study. Start with a neurologist and a patient a with nervous system
pathology. Have them build part of each patient’s file showing doctor’s notes, tests requested,
results, and treatments.

Exercises

Chapter 8: Word-Building
Using the following combining forms, complete the word that best fits the
definition of each word relating to the nervous system listed below. Combining
forms may be used more than once.
cerebell(o) gli(o) thalam(o)
cerebr(o) mening(o) vag(o)
crani(o) myel(o) ventricul(o)
encephal(o) neur(o)
gangli(o) spin(o)
1. Of the blood supply in the brain: vascular. ______________________________
2. Early neural cell: blast. _____________________________________________
3. Repair of the skull: plasty. __________________________________________
4. Hardening of the brain: sclerosis. _____________________________________
5. Inflammation of the meninges, brain, and spinal cord: encephalomyelitis. _____
6. Inflammation of the cerebellum: itis. __________________________________
7. Of the thalamus and cerebral cortex: cortical. ___________________________
8. Nerve pain: algia. _________________________________________________
9. Dissolving of a ganglion: lysis._______________________________________
10. Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord: myelitis. _____________________
11. Opening in a ventricle: stomy. ______________________________________
12. Of the cerebrum and spinal cord: spinal. ______________________________
13. Attracted to the vagus nerve: tropic. __________________________________
14. Study of drugs that affect nerves: pharmacology. _______________________
15. Instrument for measuring the skull: meter. _____________________________
16. Mimicking the vagus nerve: mimetic. ________________________________
17. Hemorrhage from the meninges: rrhagia. ______________________________
18. Incision into the cerebrum: tomy. ____________________________________
19. Nervous system surgery: surgery. ____________________________________
20. Shaped like a ganglion: form. _______________________________________

Answer Key

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Bostwick & Weber Medical Terminology 2E Chapter 8

Chapter 8: Word-Building Exercise

1. cerebrovascular
2. glioblast
3. cranioplasty
4. encephalosclerosis
5. meningoencephalomyelitis
6. cerebellitis
7. thalamocortical
8. neuralgia
9. gangliolysis
10. encephalomyelitis
11. ventriculostomy
12. cerebrospinal
13. vagotropic
14. neuropharmacology
15. craniometer
16. vagomimetic

Critical Thinking
1. The brain and the spinal cord through which signals travel to various parts of the body
keep the body’s other systems functioning.
2. Testing of nervous system diseases is often lengthy and difficult as the diagnosis is often
unclear.
3. Neurosurgery is considered high risk in most instances because of the potential damage
to the brain and spinal cord whenever surgery invades those areas.

Clinical Applications
1. It is important for the health care provider to make sure the patient with a neurological
disorder is safe. The patient may have an unstable gait, or the patient may exhibit a lack
of control and poor decision making.
2. Congenital disorders can have an emotional impact on the family structure.

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