BIOLOGICAL/PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

PRELIMS EXAM

NAME: REYES, KING ANGELO NEKKO G.

READ: Read each questions carefully. Explain your answers in your own words. 10 point each.

DO NOT COPY PASTE!

A. Short answertest.

1. What are the major considerations for the protection of human participants and animalresearch
subjects?

Animal protection legislation, laboratory regulation and inspection, and local ethics committees
serve to protect human and animal welfare. University ethics committees screen research
proposals. Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association and other
organizations urge researchers using human participants to obtain informed consent, to protect
them from harm and discomfort, to treat their personal information confidentially, and to fully
debrief all participants.

2. Which layers of Meninges are found in the central and peripheral nervoussystems?
The three layers of meninges are dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

3. Why do we have cerebrospinal fluid, and where in the nervous system is itfound?

A clear, watery fluid that circulates between the ventricles(cavities) within the brain, the central canal
in the spinal cord, and the space between the brain. It is produced by specialised ependymal cells in
the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations.
Cerebrospinal fluid functions as a shockabsorber. It protect brain and spinal cord from trauma. It
supply nutrients to nervous system tissue. It remove waste products from cerebral metabolism

4. What are the major structures and functions found in the hindbrain, midbrain, andforebrain?

The hindbrain is often referred to as the 'lower brain'. It mainly supports bodily functions and it is the
link between the spinal cord and the brain. It is important for movement and balance. It is comprised
of the medulla, pons, cerebellum and part of reticular formation. The midbrain sits above the
hindbrain and below the forebrain. It is responsible for the regulation of sleep, motor movement and
arousal. It includes part of the reticular formation. The forebrain includes a number of important
brain structures including the cerebrum, the hypothalamus and the thalamus.

5. Give 3 methods in biological research and explaineach

The first method is positive correlation- as one variable increases the other increases (or as one
decreased the other also decreases). The second is Negative correlation- as one variable increases
the other variable decreases. And the last is Evaluation of correlational research- In psychology,
correlational research can be used as the first step before an experiment begins. It can also be used if
experiments cannot be conducted. It determines if a relationship exists between two or more
variables, and if so, to what degree the relationship occurs.

6. What are the protective layers of our brain? Explain eachfunction.

Skin is Outer layer of the brain and first layer of protection. Periosteum 2nd layer of the brain. Dense,
fibrous
This study source layer containing
was downloaded blood from
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on 04-16-2023 bony surfaces.
GMT -05:00 Skull 3rd layer of the brain.
Hard bony structure that protects the brain. Cranial Meninges area between the brain and skull.
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 Consists of three protective membranes: Dural Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater. Epidural
Space a potential space between the brain and Dura Mater. Usually only exists if it is full of blood,
typically because of trauma. Dura Mater - Periosteal layer tough, fibrous outer layer of the dura
Mater. Adheres to the periosteum of the cranial vault and the last is Subdural Space is space between
the dura mater and arachnoid mater.

7. Tell the difference of the main part of the nervoussystem?

The central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral
nervous system (PNS), which is comprised of nerves and ganglia (small concentrations of grey matter).
The brain sends messages to the peripheral nerves in the body via the spinal cord, these have control of
muscles and internal organs.

8. How does the parasympathetic nervous systemworks?

The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS). Its general function is to control homeostasis and the body's rest-and-digest response.

9. Give situation where the sympathetic nervous system isworking.

The Sympathetic Nervous System can be thought of as an Accelerator. For example, the sympathetic
nervous system can accelerate heart rate, widen bronchial passages, decrease motility of the large
intestine, constrict blood vessels, increase peristalsis in the esophagus, cause pupillary dilation,
piloerection (goose bumps) and perspiration (sweating), and raise blood pressure.

10. What is biological psychology?

ESSAY

B. How important the Nervous System? What are ways you can do to protect and improved yourCNS?
C.

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