It has been investigated how a system responds to transitory water hammer when pipes made of

different materials. The type of pipe used has also had a significant influence on transient flow
and column separation. It has been demonstrated that, while operating under similar conditions,
pipe materials having a lower modulus of elasticity, such as polyethylene tubes, are less
susceptible to the water hammer than those with a higher modulus of elasticity, such as metallic
pipes. Numerical approaches are used to study the water hammer phenomena in viscoelastic
pipes, taking into account variables including unstable friction, column separation, fluid-solid
interaction, and pipe wall viscoelasticity. The most noteworthy finding from their research—
which is particularly pertinent to the present study—is that the viscoelastic pipe seems to be
quite capable of averting dangerous situations like column separation. To the best of our
knowledge, however, there is a lack of experimental support. Viscoelastic fluids have drawn a lot
of interest recently for increasing the performance of parts like pumps in hydraulic systems due
to their impact on lowering drag in turbulent flow. various applications carry a significant danger
of abrupt changes in flow conditions, such as fluid hammer, emphasizing the need to learn more
about how various types of fluids affect such accidents.

Rezapour, S., & Riasi, A. (2021). Experimental investigation of viscoelastic turbulent fluid
hammer in helical tubes, considering column-separation. International Journal of Pressure
Vessels and Piping, 194, 104489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2021.104489

For the purpose of preventing damage to the pipe and pump in the case of an accident, the
pumps' design and optimal valve functioning are crucial. Increasing the moment of inertia helps
both negative pressure control after pumps are turned off and keeping pumps from running at an
excessive speed, it has been discovered via numerous scenarios of numerical simulations based
on the typical technique. In order to prevent the pumps from rapidly reaching runaway speed, the
valve must be closed.

Water hammer induced by valve closure may be considerably reduced by optimizing the valve
closing time. The dominant portion of valve closure should start after the time when the pipe
flow direction is still forward in order to reduce the strength of the negative pressure. The filling
water can aid in reducing the negative pressure brought on by a failing pump, just as it does
when the flow direction is still forward. The best course of action is to let the flow running to
completely fill the negative pressure zone and then close the valve to stop the backflow from
returning at an excessive speed.
Wan, W., Zhang, B., & Chen, X. (2018). Investigation on water hammer control of centrifugal
pumps in water supply pipeline systems. Energies, 12(1), 108.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010108