T R O D UCTION TO

IN

TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
PRESENTED BY: MA. PATRICIA MAE P. DANTES
SUBJECT: TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
CES32S3
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
 Topic Outline
1 Introduction 4 Major disciplines

2 History 5 transportation
system model
3 Elements
6 Laws that govern
transportation
 Introduction
ILO:
The students shall have the knowledge on
the fundamentals of Transportation
Engineering.
The students shall have the skills in
applying the knowledge on the
fundamentals of Transportation
Engineering

 Introduction
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING IS:
The application of technological and scientific
principles to the planning, functional design,
operation, and management of facilities for
any mode of transportation in order to provide
for the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient,
economical, and environmentally compatible
movement of people and goods, as defined by
the Institute of Transportation Engineers in 1987.
 INTRODUCTION

Transportation engineering encompasses a wide variety of issues and areas,

including the design of streets, highways and intersections; mass transit systems;
urban planning; traffic control systems and devices; travel demand and traffic flow;
sizing of transportation facilities; operations and management for roadways;
highway sign visibility; traffic congestion and safety hazards; and the management
and economics of transportation systems
 INTRODUCTION

Transportation engineering is a type of civil engineering which focuses on the

infrastructure of transportation: all the elements which support the movement of
goods and people. Transportation engineers design runways, build bridges, layout
roads and plan docking facilities. They look at traffic patterns, determine when new
transport facilities are needed and come up with better ways to get from point A to
point B.
 HISTORY
From the beginning of history, human
sensitivity has revealed an urge for mobility
leading to a measure of Society's progress.
The history of this mobility or transport is
the history of civilization. For any country to
develop with right momentum modern and
efficient Transport as a basic infrastructure
is a must. Transport (British English) or
transportation (American English) is the
movement of people and goods from one
place to another.
 HISTORY
Through lasting contributions to the world’s
railroads, roadways and runways, Illinois’
transportation engineering program, since
its inception in 1867, has established itself
as one of the most highly respected
educational and research transportation
groups in the world.
 HISTORY
Early history records indicate that almost all facets of
transportation civil engineering began at or shortly after the
beginning of the establishment of the department in 1867.
One example is the curriculum in Railroad Civil Engineering
started under Mechanical Engineering in 1898, with a major
Civil Engineering component, and thereafter under various
departmental direction, which went forward until 1940.
Beginning shortly after engineering instruction commenced
was research on railroad track design (Talbot),
transportation economics, and later, wheel design and
braking (wetenkamp-TAM). An important cross-
departmental laboratory, known as the Concrete Laboratory,
was established for instruction and research on cement and
masonry with applications to all areas of civil engineering.
The work there began under Talbot with the study of R/C
beams and continued with later work by Edward Bauer and
Clyde Kesler.
 ELEMENTS TO
TRANSPORT
The movement of goods or passenger
traffic, through rail, sea, air or road
transport requires adequate infrastructure
facilities for the free flow from the place of
origin to the place of destination.
Irrespective of modes, every transport
system has some common elements:
a) Vehicle or carrier to carry passenger or
goods
b) Route or path for movement of carriers
 ELEMENTS TO
TRANSPORT
These elements influence the effectiveness of different modes of transport and their
utility to users.

Vehicles: The dimension of vehicles, capacity and type are some of the factors
influencing the selection of a transport system for the movement of goods from
one place to the other.
Routes: Routes play an important role in the movement of carriers from one point
to another point. It may be surface roads, navigable waterways, and roadways. The
availability of well-designed and planned routes without any obstacle to
movement of transport vehicles in specific routes, is a vital necessity for smooth
flow of traffic.
 ELEMENTS TO
TRANSPORT
Terminal Facilities: - The objective of transportation cant be fulfilled unless proper
facilities are available for loading and unloading of goods or entry and exit of
passengers from carrier. Terminal facilities are to be provided for loading and
unloading of trucks, wagons etc on a continuous basis.

Prime Mover: - The power utilized for moving of vehicles for transportation of cargo
from one place to another is another important aspect of the total movement
system.
 ELEMENTS TO
TRANSPORT
Transit time and cost: - Transportation involve time and cost. The time element is a
valid factor for determining the effectiveness of a particular mode of transport. The
transit time of available system of transportation largely determines production
and consumption pattern of perishable goods in an economy.

Cargo: - Transportation basically involves movement of cargo from one place to

another. Hence, nature and size of cargo constitute the basis of any goods
transport system.
 MAJOR DISCIPLINE OF
TRANSPORTATION
Transportation
engineering can be
broadly consisting of the
four major parts:
Transportation Planning
Geometric Design
Pavement Design
Traffic Engineering
 PLANNING
The planning aspects of transportation
engineering involve urban planning and
technical forecasting decisions. Technical
forecasting of passenger travel usually
involves an urban transportation planning
model, requiring the estimation of trip
generation (how many trips for what
purpose), trip distribution (destination
choice, where is the traveler going), mode
choice (what mode is being taken), and
route assignment (which streets or routes
are being used).
GEOMETRIC DESIGN

Geometric design refers to the

dimensions and arrangements of
the visible features of a roadway.
This includes pavement widths,
horizontal and vertical alignment,
slopes channelization, intersections
and other features that can
significantly affect the operations,
safety and capacity of the roadway
network.
PAVEMENT DESIGN

The main purpose of a pavement is

to provide a means of reducing the
stress due to the wheel load to a
value bearable to ground under the
pavement.
 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

Beyond the design and construction

of transportation infrastructures,
traffic engineering focuses on the
functional aspects of road geometry
that make it all flow, including traffic
signs, traffic signals, intersection
management and road surface
markings.
LAWS THAT GOVERN
TRANSPORTATION

RA 4136: THE LAND

Under the law, all Filipino drivers
TRANSPORTATION
AND TRAFFIC CODE have been mandated to register

This republic act encompasses the

all motor vehicles in the National
Registry.
basis of all the driving laws in the
Philippines. It is also the law
responsible for the creation of the
Land Transportation Office. Under
the law, all Filipino drivers have
been mandated to register all
motor vehicles in the National
Registry.
 IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING

The evolution and advancement in

transportation facilities have been
closely linked with the development of
human being.

 IMPORTANCE OF
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

the economy status of any country

depends upon how well served the
country is by different modes of
transportation.
 IMPORTANCE OF
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

for human need all the agricultural

and/or industrial products need to
transport at various stages from
production to distribution.
 NEED OF TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
Transportation engineers work to
ensure the safe, economical and
timely movement of people and
goods. They might be involved in all
aspects of new private and public
transportation projects, which can
include addressing energy needs,
budget constraints and
environmental concerns.
 SCOPE OF TRASPORTATION
ENGINEERING

Engineers having specialized in transportation engineering are required by

construction companies to prepare preliminary and final plans for highways,
bridges, drainage structures, municipal utilities, roadway lighting, traffic control
devices and intelligent transportation systems.
 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Jeepneys
Following the end of the Second World War, when the Americans left their military
vehicles in the country, entrepreneurial Filipinos initiated the idea to convert them
into public utility vehicles for mass transit. The modification of these military
vehicles into mass vehicles for the country showed the resourcefulness and
creativity of the Filipino people at the time.
 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Tricycles
Motorcycles with cabins or tricycles are our modern-day kalesa. This motorized
vehicle with cabins is enough to carry at least 4-5 persons each ride. This mode of
transportation is usually used by people whose point of destination is not on the
regular route of jeepneys. However, routes that tricycles are allowed to give service
are only limited.
 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Bicycles with Cabins or Pedicabs

While we’re still in the mode of transportation that involves a cabin, another
example is the pedicab. Although it is not run by a motor, pedicabs are still serving
some streets in the country if one wishes to go to a near destination – usually those
that are just within walking distance. Pedicabs can be spotted near tricycle
terminals.
 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Buses
Public buses are usually used for a city to city routes and city to provincial area
routes and vice versa. Today, buses are well-known to be present on the country’s
national highways, for example, EDSA – where a lane is designated for bus use only
and most of the major bus operators and terminals can be found.
 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Taxis and Transport Network Vehicle Service (TVNS)

Before the rise of app-based TVNS like Grab, Otto, or Uber (when they still existed in
the country), taxis were the go-to transport vehicle for people who wish to have a
more comfortable ride to their destination. Taxis and TVNS operate within and
outside the city – usually with an additional rate.
 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Manila Metro Rail Transit (MRT)

MRTs have been in the country since 2000. At present, the MRT line passes through
13 stations in the metro namely: North Avenue, Quezon Avenue, GMA Kamuning,
Araneta Center Cubao, Santolan Annapolis, Ortigas, Shaw Boulevard, Boni,
Guadalupe, Buendia, Ayala, Magallanes, and Taft Avenue. The average fare ticket
for an MRT ride ranges from P13.00 to P28.00.
 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Airplane
If you’re thinking about the quickest way of going from major cities to popular
tourist destinations all over the country, then definitely going via Airplanes or taking
a domestic flight would be your way to go. In the Philippines, there are more than
40 local airports with airline connections, as well as 40 local small airports for
charter and general aviation.
 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Cargo
The majority of of all cargo delivered in the world is transported by sea. The
technical features of cargo vessels make it possible to carry crude oil, petroleum
products, chemical industry products, condensed gas, raw materials, equipment,
cars, livestock and many other types of cargo.
 USES OF TRANSPORTATION

Transportation allows for access to food,

healthcare, educational opportunities, and
employment. Additionally, access to
transportation increases rural residents' ability
to access recreation, entertainment, and other
activities that promote community
engagement.
 USES OF TRANSPORTATION

Transportation allows for the movement of

goods, services, mail, and other materials from
one place to another.
Without transportation, we would be forced to
carry everything with us or move everything by
hand. We wouldn’t be able to ship things from
one place to another.

 USES OF TRANSPORTATION

Traveling and hustling in the morning are routine for most

people. Since its invention, people have enjoyed public means
of transport to reach their destinations.
Research has shown that transportation can impact work
efficiency. An example is, research carried out in Japan showed
that workers who commuted by train were more efficient than
those who used cars.
The experiment indicated that the workers walked to and from
their points of departure and this helped them relax before they
headed into work. These workers managed to be more
productive at work.

 USES OF TRANSPORTATION

Traveling allows us to discover the world and all its beauty. It is a

means of understanding different cultures and bringing people
together. Because each discovery leads to a bigger picture of
how we fit into this world!
Transportation is closely related to traveling since you cannot
travel without some sort of transportation.

 TRANSPORTATION EMPLOYMENT

1. Logistics and Supply- Chain Management

2. Vehicle Design and Transportation Services
3. Transportation Infrastructure Services
4. Specialties within Transportation Infrastructure Engineering

TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION

1. Private Transportation Companies

2. Regulatory Agencies
3. National and Local Government Agencies and Authorities
4. Trade Associations
5. Professional Societies
6. Users of Transport Services

 PLANNING OF TRANSPORTATION
SYSYEM

The process of transportation planning involves the elements

of situation and problem definition, search for solutions and
performance analysis, as well as evaluation and choice of
project.
 FORECASTING TRAVEL DEMAND

Travel demand is expressed as the number of persons or

vehicles per unit time that can be expected to travel on a
given segment of a transportation system under a set of given
land-use, socioeconomic, and environmental conditions.
 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ZONE

A traffic analysis zone or transportation analysis zone (TAZ) is

the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
transportation planning models.
 TRIP GENERATION

The goal of trip generation is to predict the number of trips, by

purpose, that are generated by and attracted to each zone in a
study area. Trip generation is performed by relating the
number or frequency of trips to the characteristics of the
individuals, of the zone, and of the transportation network. The
zone that contains the home end of home-based trips or the
origin end of non-home-based trips is considered to have
produced the trip, while the destination zone where an out-of-
home activity will be undertaken is considered to have
attracted the trip.
-END-