I.

Introduction

In a bustling world, wherein people are always occupied with their daily activities and

lifestyle, the presence of transportation plays a vital role to be able to accomplish such tasks may

it be private or public means of transportation. The role of transportation takes place in providing

accessibility to people, places, and services whilst contributing in establishing the community,

enhancing the standard of living, as well as the general well-being of the environment and of the

economy (“Active and Convenient Transportation”, n.d.). A transportation facility is defined by

“any road, bridge, tunnel, overpass, ferry, airport, mass transit facility, vehicle parking facility,

port facility or similar commercial facility used for the transportation of persons or goods, together

with any buildings, structures, parking areas, appurtenances, and other property needy to operate

such facility” (IBP USA, 2012). With that in mind, transport facilities should adapt a systematic,

thorough, and holistic approach that is ideal to a design that facilitates societal benefits and

environmental benefits.

Organization

In the country, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) is a government agency is that

responsible for the primary policy, planning, programming, coordinating, implementing and

administrative entity of the executive branch of the government on the promotion, development

and regulation of a dependable and coordinated network of transportation systems, as well as in

the fast, safe, efficient and reliable transportation services. It provides the backbone for growth

and enhances the country's competitive edge by providing effective and efficient transportation

infrastructure systems that narrow the geographical and physical divide, connecting the country,

its islands, and its people to the rest of the world.

Functions

The function of the Department of Transportation (DOTr) can be narrowed down by the

following:

• Policy formulation

• Industry and services regulation

• Infrastructure development

• International cooperation

Activities and projects

The current project of the Department of Transportation (DOTr) is the South Commuter

Railway project that is about connecting the Blumentritt Station with Calamba Station and a

connecting line Bicutan-FTI Senate station that will traverse six cities in the National Capital

Region, namely Manila, Makati, Taguig, Parañaque, Pasig, and Muntinlupa, and five cities in the

Province of Laguna consisting of San Pedro, Biñan, Santa Rosa, Cabuyao and Calamba.

Below is a list of foreign assistedprojects by the Department of Transportation (DOTr)

during the year 2019:

• North-South Commuter Railway Extension (NSCR-EX)

• Procurement of Shipbuilders for the Construction of Two 94-m Multi-Role Response

Vessels under Maritime Safety Capability Improvement Project Phase II for the Philippine

Coast Guard

• Malolos-Clark Railway Project for (Blumentritt Extension) for CP S-01; Building and

Civil Engineering Works for APX. 1 km of Viaduct Structure Including Station Building

at Blumentritt
 • Malolos-Clark Railway Project for Packages CP N-04, & CP N-05; Construction of

Structure: Viaducts, Steel Bridge, Underground Stations, and Depot

• Metro Rail Transit Line 3 Rehabilitation Project – Procurement of Supervision Consultant

of the Department of Transportation

• North-South Commuter Railway Extension (NSCR-EX) Project (Malolos-Clark and Solis-

Calamba)

• Malolos-Clark Railway Project for Packages CP N-01, CP N-02 AND; CP N-03;

Construction of Civil Structures: Viaducts, Bridges and Five Stations

Types of Transport Facilities

In the Philippines, the types of transport facilities can be categorized into three, namely,

land transport, air transport, and sea transport. Below is a list of specific types of transport

facilities:

LAND TRANSPORT FACILITIES

o Tricycle Terminal

o Jeepney Terminal

o UV Express Terminal

o Bus Terminal

o Train Station
AIR TRASNPORT FACILITY

o Airport Terminal

SEA TRANSPORT FACILITY

o Port

Figure 1. A photo of LRT 1 Train. (2017). [Photograph] Photo taken by Mattyuzon44. Retrieved from

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LRT_1_Christmas_Train_2017.jpg
 Figure 2. A photo of NAIA Terminal 3 Departure hall. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Retrieved from

https://thereaderwiki.com/en/Manila_International_Airport

Figure 3. A photo of Besta Shipping Lines ferry in Batangas Port. (n.d.). [Photograph] Photo taken by Acred, M.

L. Retrieved from https://www.asisbiz.com/Photos/Ships-Merchant-Vessels/pages/MV-Baleno-

car-ferry-Besa-shipping-lines-Batangas-Pier-Philippines-01.html

II. Planning and Design Considerations

Planning Process
 Table 1. Table showing the Transportation Planning Process. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/NurRamadhan1/transportation-planning-11880455

Activities and Users

The society depends on different modes of public transportation because it is the main tool

to travel from different areas. According to the study, “The transport system improves the social,

economic, industrial, commercial progress and transfers the society into an organized one”

(“Planning Considerations for Bus Terminal Design”, 2015). With this, some passengers engage

themselves inside the facility to accommodate their temporary needs. Public transportation

facilities serve as the connection point between one location to another and it is where the

transportation modes (railways, roadways, airways, waterways and pipelines) stop to load and

unload passengers. The transport facility accommodates a high density of daily users therefore

creating a high pedestrian traffic. With this, the size of transportation facilities may vary depending

on the number of public vehicles arriving and departing at each station. For example, if the

terminals only have a limited number of arrival and departure, most likely the facility is smaller or

none at all, but a wide range of facilities is needed if the number of passengers is larger in order to

accommodate their needs. Nonetheless, transportation facilities serve as the loading and unloading
of passengers and their baggage, vehicle maintenance, accommodate the user’s needs through

amenities and facilities, etc.

First, it is important to determine the activity according to the processing of passengers.

The processing of passengers provides a faster travel time to avoid a long queuing in line and to

reduce the waiting period. This process includes check-in to automated document check, baggage

drop-off, rebooking of tickets, self-boarding, etc. (“Passenger Processing Design and

Implementation”, n.d.). According to the study, there are three types of users; general users,

operators of the terminal and the special users; the PWD and elderly (Demetsky, Hoel, & Virkler,

1977). With this, the station must provide long term goals to achieve the functional elements that

will accommodate the users. This includes the right passageway, ramps, elevators, escalators, and

stairs for the better flow of pedestrians. It is also important to create the right wayfinding into these

elements.

The following criteria for planning terminals according to the activities of users are:

· Need

· Size

· Location

· Design solution

Need

The needs of the users are the top priority in designing a terminal. The processing of passengers

must be hassle-free to meet their needs. The accessibility of the facility allows the customer to

achieve their respective task without any interventions. For special users, the facilities and
amenities must be easy to access to avoid crucial accidents. To maximize the use of the facility, it

is important to design the terminal in a way that the users feel comfortable, safe, and convenient.

Size

Since the terminals accommodate a high density of passengers, the traffic flow of

pedestrians must be controlled from the entrance to the exit. According to the study, the restroom

accommodates most of the users producing a high potential traffic jam (Butts, 2019). To avoid

traffic jams, commercial restrooms are now designed to let users in and out quickly but assure a

delightful experience. The terminal must also provide enough space to effectively cater to the

functionality of the terminal in line with the system and user traits.

Location

The location of the terminal determines its capability to perform a better facility. The

transport system must be organized and in sequence. The nodal point and system create an efficient

way to transfer passengers.

Design

According to Butts (2019, the following are points that should be kept in mind when

designing for efficient workability of terminal:

• Segregation of bus and non-bus traffic

• Segregation of pedestrian and vehicular movement

• Elimination of vehicular traffic conflict

• Segregation of pedestrian flow

• Minimum processing for the buses

 • Segregation of transportation and no-transportation activities

Design Philosophy and Approach

• The totality of the pedestrian experience

• Efficiency of vehicular movement, stacking, and holding

• Urban integration – in which the interchange is integrated within its urban surroundings,

capitalization of potentials and minimalization of negative impacts

• Integration of interchange elements and activities

Interchange Components

Table 2. Table showing the Interchange Components. Retrieved from

https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/6332/041.pdf?sequence=1

Color selection

Colors can affect the mood of the users within a specified space and can uplift the

experience of the passengers. Research stated that “the mood-altering effects of color may only be
temporary. A blue room may initially cause feelings of calm, but the effect dissipates after a short

period” (Cherry, 2020). Therefore, colors can dictate the mood of the users within a space. With

this, cool colors let the user feel calm inside the term while warm colors let the users feel

comfortable and welcomed. Cherry (2020), also states that according to Paul Brunton, “Green,

which is Nature's color, is restful, soothing, cheerful, and health-giving”. This will help the

passenger ease and calm themselves against their chaotic surrounding especially people with

anxiety or panic disorder. In places that need attention, Yellow is suitable because of its bright

color that grabs attention. This is applicable especially in advertising or commercial areas. Red

evokes a warmth and comfort inside a space. It is suitable for private areas and restrooms. It also

increases the energy of passengers. However, the selection of colors depends on use of the facility.

For example, bright colors may not be suitable for private rooms of the terminals as it needs privacy

and serenity and dark colors may not be effective in hallways because it might decapitate the safety

of the users.

Lighting selection

Lighting design in the terminals is very crucial especially when selecting the right type of

light in every area of the terminal. It is also important to consider the maintenance of the light as

terminals cater a large amount of space. There are different types of lighting to consider.

Continuous lighting is commonly used for its security. It is a “series of fixed lights arranged to

continuously light interiors or exterior areas during hours of darkness” (American Public

Transportation Association, 2009). With this, it will guide the pedestrian’s walkway and vehicle’s

pathway. Standby lighting is an automated light that detects the movement of the user. This light

helps save electricity as it is only activated when someone passes through it however it is not lit

continuously. Mobile lighting is a manual light that can be used as emergency light in the terminal.
Transport Facility Examples

Paranaque Integrated Terminal Exchange

The Paranaque Integrated Terminal Exchange is a public transport terminal located in

Paranaque, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is formerly known as Southwest Integrated Transport

System (SWITS) and is now the first “land port” of its kind in the Philippines. The terminal

operated by the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and Megawide Construction Corporation

under the Philippine government's Public-Private Partnership program has a total lot area of 4.5

hectares – making it the largest terminal in the country. The PITX particularly could accommodate

a maximum of 200,000 people offering services for various modes of land transportation such as

jeepneys, UV Express vans, PUVs, PUJs, and shuttles. The transport facility also houses offices

and commercial establishments with an objective of being an ‘all in one’ terminal maximizing the

hectare-area land port.

Figure 4. A photo of.

Paranaque Integrated

Terminal Exchange exterior

facade. (2010). [Photograph] Retrieved from

 https://ppp.gov.ph/ppp_projects/integrated-transport-system-project-its-

southwest-terminal-project-4/?wppa-occur=1&wppa-cover=0&wppa-

album=88&wppa-photo=1359

The Paranaque Integrated Terminal Exchange is composed of four major zones: (1)

Parking Area, (2) Traveler’s Space, (3) Office Space, and (4) Commercial Space all of which serve

an essential function. Specifically, these zones are composed of the following PITX facilities:

• Information Desk

• Public Information Display

• Lounge Spaces

• Charging Stations

• Shower Rooms

• Nursing Room

• Meditation Room

• Convenience Store

• Clothing Stores

• Jewelry Shop

• Food Court

• Clinic

• Pay Parking

• Gym

• All Gender Restrooms

Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 1

The Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 1 was completed in the year 1981. It was

designed by Leandro Locsin, a National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture. NAIA Terminal

1 has an area of 73,000 square meters. The terminal has 16-gates which currently services all

international flights coming into Manila, except for those operated by Cebu Pacific Air, PAL

Express, Philippine Airlines, All Nippon Air (ANA), Delta Air Lines, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines,

Emirates Airline, Singapore Airlines and Cathay Pacific Airways.

Figure 5. A photo of NAIA Terminal 1 exterior facade. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Retrieved

from https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/09/27/ramp-controllers-at-naia-chafe-at-

elevator-ban-cite-injuries-suffered-on-hazardous-roofdeck/
 Figure 6. A photo of NAIA Terminal 1 Arrival Map.

(n.d.). [Digital Image]. Retrieved from

https://www.silent-

gardens.com/new_assets/images/NAIA/Manila-NAIA-

T1-arrival.jpg

Figure 7. A photo of NAIA Terminal 1

Departure Map. (n.d.). [Digital Image].

Retrieved from https://www.silent

gardens.com/new_assets/images/NAIA/Manila-

NAIA-T1-departure.jpg

III. Codes

Department of Transportation’s Memorandum on Standard Classifications and Guidelines

in the Establishment, Maintenance and Operations of Public Transport Terminals

A ‘terminal’ as used in the Memorandum refers to “any building or facility constructed primarily

for the purpose of loading and unloading of passengers and cargoes by public utility vehicles and

which conforms with the standards set forth by the LTFRB for operations.”
Under the Inter-modal transport terminal classification of which the DOTr defined as a terminal

which can simultaneously accommodate/serve at least (3) types of public land transport vehicles,

such as PUBs, PUJs, Taxicabs, Multi-Cabs, Vans/AUV, etc. are the following requirements;

The owner/operator of such terminal shall install/provide the following:

a. Separate and sufficient parking slots/spaces for each mode of transport;

b. Adequate and comfortable benches and/or seats with backrests for waiting passengers;

c. Concrete pavement and flooring;

d. Roofing that would provide sufficient shade to passengers from heat of the sun or rain;

e. Wide entrances and exits for easy mobility to and from the terminal;

f. Communication facilities (such as Telephone, Fax Machines, Internet, etc.);

g. Public Address System Facilities and CCTV cameras/monitors;

h. Information and Passenger Assistance Counters;

i. Appropriate and Adequate Signages;

j. Sufficient number of security personnel for the protection of passengers from abusive

vendors, pickpockets, and other lawless elements and for proper inspection of baggage;

k. Separate restrooms for male, female and disabled passengers which must, at all times, be

clean, sufficiently lighted, foul odor-free, ventilated, with clean running water, flush

system, toilet seat with cover, lavatory, waste bin, toilet paper, mirror, dispenser with soap,

hand dryer, dry flooring, functional door lock, and janitorial/maintenance personnel;

l. Diaper-changing tables inside the female restrooms for female passenger travelling with

infant/babies and;

m. Priority lane for persons with special needs specifically pregnant women, mothers

travelling with infants and/or small children and those with physical disabilities.
The National Building Code

CATEGORY CODE TITLE DESCRIPTION

Occupancy Classification SECTION 701. Occupancy Group I Occupancies shall

Classified be any assembly building

with a stage and an

Group I – Assembly occupant load

Occupant Load 1000 or of 1000 or more in the

More building.

Occupant Load SECTION 1207. Stairs, The occupant load permitted

Exits, and Occupant Loads in any building or

portion thereof shall be

(a) General determined by dividing the

(1) Determination of floor area assigned to that

Occupant Loads. use by the unit

area allowed per occupant

as determined by the

Secretary.

Information Related to Exits

Means of Egress/ Exit SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exit requirements of a

Requirements Exits, and Occupant Loads building is determined by

the occupant load which

(a) General gives the largest number of

 (2) Exit Requirements persons. No obstruction

shall be placed in the

required width of an exit

except projections

permitted by this Code.

Number of Exits SECTION 1207. Stairs, Every building or usable

Exits, and Occupant Loads portion must have at least

one exit.

(b) Exits

(1) Number of Exits

Width of Exits (2) Width The total width of exits in

meters must not be less than

the total occupant load

divided by 165. Such width

of exits shall be divided

approximately equally

among the separate exits.

Location of Exits (3) Arrangement of Exits. If 2 exits are required – exits

must be placed a distance

apart to not less than one-

fifth of the perimeter of the

 area served measured in a

straight line between exits.

If 3 or more exits are

required – exits must be

located at a reasonable

distance apart so that if one

becomes blocked, the others

will be available.

Information Related to Doors

Swing Direction SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exit door shall swing in the

Exits, and Occupant Loads direction of exit travel;

Double acting doors shall

(c) Doors not be used as exits.

(1) Swing

Door Lock or Latch (2) Type of Lock or Latch Exit door shall be openable

from the inside without the

use of a key or any special

knowledge or effort. The

locking device must be of a

type that will readily be

distinguishable as
 locked. Flush bolts or

surface bolts are prohibited.

Door Width and Height (3) Width and Height Exit doorway must be of a

size that allows installation

of a door not less than 900

millimeters in width and not

less than 2.00 meters in

height.

It shall be capable of

opening at least 90

degrees and must be

mounted with a clear width

of exit way not less than 700

millimeters.

Width of Door Leaf (3) Door Leaf Width No leaf of an exit door shall

exceed 1.20 meters in width.

Special Doors (5) Special Doors Revolving, sliding, and

overhead doors is not

recommended to be used as

required exits.

Information Related to Ailes

Width of Aisles SECTION 1207. Stairs, If serving only 1 side, every

Exits, and Occupant Loads aisle must not be less than

800 millimeters wide; If

(l) Aisles serving both sides, an aisle

(1) Width must not be less than 1

meter wide.

Distance to Exits (2) Exit Distance In areas occupied by seats,

the line of travel to an exit

door by an aisle must not be

more than 45.00 meters.

With standard spacing, as

specified in this Code, aisles

must be located in not more

than seven seats between the

wall and an aisle and not

more than fourteen

seats between aisles.

Number of seats between

aisles may be increased to

30 where only if there are

exit doors provided along

 each side aisle of the row of

seats at the rate of one pair

of exit doors for every five

rows of seats, provided

further that the distance

between seats back to

back is at least one meter.

Such exit doors shall

provide a minimum clear

width of 1.70 meters.

Cross Aisles (3) Cross Aisles Aisles shall terminate in a

cross aisle, foyer, or exit.

The width of the cross aisle

shall be not less than the

sum of the required width of

the widest aisle plus fifty

percent of the total required

width of the remaining aisle

leading thereto.

Aisles shall not be provided

 a dead end greater than 6.00

meters in length.

Information Related to Seating

Seat Spacing SECTION 1207. Stairs, The spacing of rows of seats

Exits, and Occupant Loads from back-to-back

shall be not less than 840

(m) Seats millimeters.

(1) Seat Spacing

Width of Seating Furniture (2) Width The width of any seat must

be not less than 450

millimeters.

Information Related to Interior Finishes

Prevention of Interior Fire SECTION 601. Fire- Fire-resistive rating means

Spread Resistive Rating defined the degree to which a

material can withstand fire

as determined by

generally recognized and

accepted testing methods.

Class Rating for Interior SECTION 602. Fire- Fire-resistive time period

Finishes Resistive Time Period rating is the length of time a

Rating material can withstand

being burned
 which may be one-hour,

two-hours, three-hours,

four-hours, etc.

Batas Pambansa 344

CATEGORY CODE TITLE DESCRIPTION

Architectural Features Rule III: Specific Where the following

and Facilities Requirements for Buildings features and facilities are:

and Related Structures for architectural design

Public Use requirements in accordance

with generally accepted

2. Architectural Features architectural practice, the

and Facilities same include the

corresponding graphic signs.

2.1 Architectural Facilities The following requirements

and Features shall apply to both

government and privately

2.1.1 – 2.1.15 owned buildings.

4. Category II A - Stairs

4.3 Group E-1 B - Walkways

 4.3.2 Bus depots and C - Corridors

terminals D - Doors and Entrances

E - Washrooms and Toilets

F - Lifts/Elevators

G - Ramps

H - Parking Areas

I - Switches, Controls,

Buzzers

J - Handrails

K - Thresholds

L - Floor Finishes

M - Drinking Fountains

N - Public Telephones

O - Seating

Accommodations

Information Related to Doors

Door Width Appendix A. Minimum All doors shall have a

Requirements for minimum clear width of

Accessibility Illustrations 0.80 m.

for Minimum Requirements

C. Inside Buildings and

Structures
 3. Doors (3.1)

Door Lock or Latch 3. Doors (3.7) Latching or non-latching

hardware should not require

wrist action or fine finger

manipulation

3. Doors (3.9) Vertical pull handles,

centered at 1.06 m. above

the floor, are preferred to

horizontal pull bars for

swing doors or doors with

locking devices

Door Swing Protection 3. Doors (3.5) Protection should be

provided from

doors that swing into

corridors

Door Lock or Latch 3. Doors (3.8) Doorknobs and other

Location hardware should be located

between 0.82 m. and 1.06 m.

above the floor; 0.90 is

preferred

Information Related to Corridors

Width of Corridors Appendix A. Minimum Corridors shall have

Requirements for minimum clear width of

Accessibility Illustrations 1.20 m.; waiting areas and

for Minimum Requirements other facilities or spaces

shall not obstruct the

C. Inside Buildings and minimum clearance

Structures requirement

7. Corridors (7.1)

Recesses or Turnabout 7. Corridors (7.2) Recesses or turnabout

Spaces spaces should be provided

for wheelchairs to turn

around or to enable another

wheelchair to pass; these

spaces shall have a

minimum area of 1.50 m x

1.50 m. and shall be spaced

at a maximum of 12.00 m.

7. Corridors (7.3) Turnabout spaces should

also be provided at or within

3.50 m. of every dead end

Corridors Level and 7. Corridors (7.4) As in walkways, corridors

Material Surface should be maintained level

and provided with a slip

resistant surface

Information Related to Seating

Seating Requirements Rule III. Specific The provision of this section

Requirements for Buildings shall apply to the specified

and Related Structures for type of facilities and

Public Use identified specific

requirements for

7. Standard of Accessibility accessibility and usability

for Special Type of which shall be provided for

Facilities (7.1) each of the listed occupancy

uses.

Seating Wheelchair

Seating

Capacity Space

4 - 50 2

51 - 300 4

301 - 500 6
Seating Access for the 7. Standard of Accessibility Seating for the disabled

Disabled for Special Type of shall be accessible from the

Facilities (7.1.1) main lobby to primary

entrances, together with

7.1.1 (a) related toilet facilities.

Disabled Seating Space 7.1.1 (b) In all assembly places where

seating accommodation is

provided, seating spaces for

disabled persons must be

provided.

7.1.1 (c) An additional wheelchair

seating space must be

provided for each total

seating capacity increase of

100 seats in an event of a

facility exceeding a seating

capacity of 500 seats.

Removable Seating Space 7.1.1 (d) Readily removable seats

for the Disabled may be installed in these

 facilities when such space is

not required to

accommodate wheelchair

users.

Information Related to Accessibility

Open Spaces Around Appendix A. Minimum In open areas, the blind can

Building Requirements for become particularly

Accessibility Illustrations disoriented. Therefore, it is

for Minimum Requirements extremely helpful to provide

walkways or paths in these

A. Outside and Around spaces with defined edges

Buildings either by the use of planters

with dwarf walls, or a grass

5. Open Spaces (5.1) verge, or similar, which

provides a texture different

from the path.

A. Outside and Around Handrails must be installed

Buildings at 0.90 m and 0.70 m above

steps or ramps.

4. Handrails (4.2)

Handrails for protection at

great heights may be

installed at 1.0 m to 1.06 m.

Ramp Dimensions Appendix A. Minimum Ramps shall have a

Requirements for minimum clear width of

Accessibility Illustrations 1.20 m

for Minimum Requirements

A. Inside Buildings and

Structures

2. Ramps (2.2)

Ramp Handrails 2. Ramps (2.6) Handrails will be provided

on both sides of the ramp at

0.70 m. and 0.90 m. from

the ramp level

Information Related to Signages

Location of Signages Appendix A. Minimum Directional and

Requirements for informational sign should be

Accessibility Illustrations located at points

for Minimum Requirements conveniently seen even by a

person on a wheelchair and

C. Inside Buildings and those with visual

Structures impairments
 6. Signages (6.1)

Visual Presentation of 6. Signages (6.2) Signs should be kept simple

Signages and easy to understand;

signages should be made of

contrasting colors and

contrasting gray matter to

make detection and reading

easy

Symbol Used for Signages 6. Signages (6.3) The international symbol for

access should be used to

designate routes and

facilities that are accessible

Headroom for Protruded 6. Signages (6.4) Should a sign protrude into a

Signages walkway or route, a

minimum headroom of 2.0

meters should be provided

Height of Signages 6. Signages (6.5) Signs on walls and doors

should be located at a

maximum height of 1.60 M.

and a minimum height of

1.40 meters. For signage on

 washroom doors, see C.

Section 8.6

Signages for Public Spaces 6. Signages (6.6) Signages labelling public

rooms and places should

have raised symbols, letters

or numbers with minimum

height of 1 mm; braille

symbols should be included

in signs indicating public

places and safety routes

Signage Text Dimensions 6. Signages (6.7) Text on signboards shall be

of a dimension that people

with less than normal visual

acuity can read at a certain

distance

Information Related to Safety

Location of Emergency Appendix A. Minimum Wall mounted or free

Exits Requirements for standing tablets with an

Accessibility Illustrations embossed plan configuration

for Minimum Requirements of the building which also

shows the location of the

D. Safety lobby, washrooms and

emergency exits of the

 4. Location of Emergency building should be provided

Exit (4.1) either in front of the

building or at the main

lobby. The markings of this

tablet should be readable by

both the fully sighted and

the blind persons.

Flash Light Directional Appendix A. Minimum Flashing light directional

Signs Requirements for signs indicating the

Accessibility Illustrations location(s) of fire exit shall

for Minimum Requirements be provided at every change

in direction with sufficient

D. Safety power provided in

accordance with the

4. Location of Emergency provisions for emergency

Exit (4.2) lighting under Section 3.410

of P.D. NO. 1185 (The Fire

Code of the Philippines)

Audio-Visual Alarm Appendix A. Minimum Audio-visual alarm systems

Systems Requirements for shall be provided in all fire

Accessibility Illustrations sections, as defined under

for Minimum Requirements P.D. NO. 1185 otherwise

known as The Fire Code of

 D. Safety the Philippines, of buildings

in accordance with the

5. Audible and Visible guidelines provided under

Alarm System (5.1) Section 3.503 of the same.

Batas Pambansa 344 Illustrations

References
About DOTr . (n.d.). Retrieved from DOTr: dotr.gov.ph/2014-09-02-05-01-41.html
About NAIA Terminal 1. (n.d.). Retrieved from MIAA:
https://www.miaa.gov.ph/miaa/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id
=21&Itemid=16
Active and Convinient Transportation. (n.d.). Retrieved from Williams Lake:
https://www.williamslake.ca/DocumentCenter/View/277/4-3-ACTIVE-AND-CONVENIENT-
TRANSPORTATION?bidId=
Association, A. P. (2009, October). Security Lighting for Transit Passenger. Retrieved from APTA:
https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/Standards_Documents/APTA-SS-SIS-RP-001-10.pdf
B.P.344 – Accessibility Law. (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/12223851/B.P.344_-
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