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Student’s Name

Professor’s Name

Course Number

Date

Differential Equations Problems

Question.1: Determine the order of the given differential equation

Also, state whether the equation is linear or nonlinear.

𝑑⁴𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(A) X² + (y-1) + 4y = cos x
𝑑𝑥⁴ 𝑑𝑥

Solution:

∵ the order of the differential equation is the order of the highest derivative in that

equation.

∴ The equation is: 4th Order & linear.

(B) dy + (xy – cos x)dx = 0

Solution:

∴ The equation is: 1st Order & linear.

𝑑³𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(B) +t – 4tx = 0
𝑑𝑡³ 𝑑𝑡

Solution:

∴ The equation is: 3rd Order & linear.

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𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦²
Question.2: Verify that: X²y = ln y + c is a solution of D.E =
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥²𝑦

Solution:

By differentiating equation [x²y = ln y + c] with respect to x we get:

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
x² + 2xy =
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

multiply both sides by y:

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
x²y + 2xy² =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
– x²y = 2xy²
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
(1 – x²y) = 2xy²
𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝐱𝐲²
∴ =
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 – 𝐱²𝐲

𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝐱𝐲²
∴ x²y = ln y + c is a solution of the differential equation =
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 – 𝐱²𝐲
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𝑑𝑦
Question.3: = 2y – 5 , y (0) = y0
𝑑𝑡

Solution:

By separating variables:

𝑑𝑦
= 2dt
𝑦−5/2

Integrate the two sides:

Ln (y – 5/2) = 2t + ln c

y – 5/2 = c e2t

y (t) = 5/2 + c e2t

∵ y (0) = y0

& y (0) = 5/2 + c

∴ y0 = 5/2 + c c = y0 – 5/2

∴ y (t) = 5/2 + (y0 – 5/2) e2t

For y0 = 0 ∴ y (t) = 5/2 + (0 – 5/2) e2t

∴ y (t)0 = 5/2 (1 – e2t)

For y0 = 5/2 ∴ y (t) = 5/2 + (5/2 – 5/2) e2t

∴ y (t)5/2 = 5/2

For y0 = 5 ∴ y (t) = 5/2 + (5 – 5/2) e2t = 5/2 (1 + e2t)

∴ y (t)5 = 5/2 (1 + e2t)

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The Graph of the three curves will be:

To describe how the solutions resemble, and differ from, each other:

𝑑𝑦
Let =0
𝑑𝑡

2y – 5 = 0

2y = 5

y = 5/2

• at equilibrium solution, the slopes are zero and plotted in horizontal lines with

solution y = 5/2

• as t ⟶∞, we can say that all solutions of the initial value problem given in

equation are converge to the equilibrium solution y(t) = 5/2

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• we can show that all solutions behave to converge to the equilibrium solution

given by y(t) =5/2.

• the convergence rate to the equilibrium solution is determined by the exponent

from the solution of the initial value problem given by y (t) = 5/2 + (y0 – 5/2) e2t

• we can deduce that the convergence rate to the equilibrium solution y =5/2

y(t)=5 is 2.
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2
Question.4: verify for x ˃ 0, that y = x3/2 is a solution of yy″ = x
√3

Solution:

2
y= x3/2
√3

𝑑𝑦 2 3
= * x3/2 – 1
𝑑𝑥 √3 2

𝑑𝑦
= √3 x1/2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑²𝑦 √3
= x1/2 – 1
𝑑𝑥² 2

𝑑²𝑦 √3
=
𝑑𝑥² 2√𝑥

Let’s calculate yy″:

2 √3
yy″ = x3/2
√3 2√𝑥

yy″ = x3/2 / x1/2 = x 3/2 – 1/2 = x1

∴ yy″ = x

𝟐
∴y= x3/2 is a solution of differential equation yy″ = x
√𝟑
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𝑑𝑦 𝑥
Question.5: Draw = using isoclines method
𝑑𝑥 𝑦

Solution:

𝑑𝑦
Let =c
𝑑𝑥

𝑥
∴ =c
𝑦

𝑥
y=
𝑐