11

Disciplines and Ideas

in Social Sciences
Second Semester: Quarter 2 - Module 3
The Roles and Significance of Filipinos’
Indigenous Social Ideas to National
Development and Practical Use of Social
Sciences in Addressing Social Concerns
and Phenomenon
Business Ethics and Social Responsibility – Grade 11
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Forms of Business Organizations
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

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Reviewer: Irene L. Billones, Clark Dante Roslinda
Illustrator: Joseph Richel Ramos
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E-mail Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph

 11
Disciplines and Ideas
in Social Sciences
Second Semester: Quarter 2 - Module 3

The Roles and Significance of Filipinos’

Indigenous Social Ideas to National
Development and Practical Use of Social
Sciences in Addressing Social Concerns
and Phenomenon
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 Let Us Learn!

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master how to use different kind of sentences particularly declarative
and interrogative sentences. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are also arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module has one lesson:

• Lesson 1- The roles and significance of Filipinos’ indigenous social

ideas to national development and practical uses of social sciences in
addressing social concerns and phenomenon.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Evaluate the roles and significance of Filipinos’ indigenous social ideas

to national development;HUMSS_DIS 11-IVe-2-HUMSS_DIS 11-IVg-5
and

2. Analyze the practical use of Social Sciences in addressing social

concerns and Phenomenon. HUMSS_DIS 11-IVh-6-HUMSS_DIS 11-IVi-
j-8

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 The Roles and Significance of
Lesson Filipinos’ Indigenous Social Ideas to

1
National Development And Practical
uses of Social Sciences in addressing
social concerns and phenomenon.

Let Us Study

Strengthening The Filipino Nation Through Governance

Section 9 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states that “”the State
shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the
prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from
poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote
full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of
life for all”. It should be noted, however, that the state is an abstract
concept because the real work of the daily implementation of power is
done by the government composed of the individuals who exercise power
in the name of the state (Perry & Perry, 1980).
The Philippine government is presidential in form and a democratic
republic. In 1986, then President Corazon Aquino restored democracy in
the country after more than two decades of authoritarian rule by the
strongman Ferdinand Marcos. Presently, the decision makers in politics,
that includes the president and members of the Philippine legislature, are
selected through fair, honest, and periodic elections wherein all
candidates vie for the most number of votes from the eligible adult
population. Hence, the people’s will is being concertized in the entire
political process.
Professions for graduates of political science include social policy
program officer, legislative analyst, political aide, lobbyist, diplomat, or
even politician. A legislative analyst in the Philippines may help evaluate
commercial and labor market distortions that have resulted in the low
productivity of agricultural sector. Meanwhile, a social policy program
officer may assist in the proper implementation of land reforms in the
Philippines to avoid poor beneficiaries from reselling their land to elites by
way of spurious arrangements. Policymakers must be able to identify
which government regulations are beneficial to the public and crucial to

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Philippine development. Useless laws must be revised or amended bearing
I mind the public good.
Toward an Effective Distribution of Resources
One major aim of economics is to fulfill the needs of persons and
groups in human societies as it concerns itself in the production,
distribution, and consumption of material goods and services (Hoselitz,
1970). In determining the type of economic system, social scientists may
proceed in investigating four major directions that includes (1) economic
theory, (2) methodology and measurement, (3) economic policy, and (4)
economic history. Economy theory pertains to the fundamental tenets of
behavioral patterns of humans within the ambit of economic system.
These theories may pertain to income and employment, use of money,
economic fluctuations and growth, and consumption. The performance of
an economic system and the changes within the economy can be evaluate
and appraised by financial and economic analysts using applicable
methodology and measurements or economic indicators. Economic
growth may pertain to an expansion of the economy in terms of volume,
trade, investment, income, and infrastructure. With faster economic
growth, the percentage of Filipino families living below the poverty line
could show marked decrease over time. Meanwhile, economic
development officers, budget analysts, financial consultants, or market,
or market analysts in governmental agencies and private firms may
implement economic policies that could bring about desired positive effect
in economic activities. Economic policies formulated by the state of the
economy may be assessed quite objectively by identifying considerable
changes it had undergone in the past (Hoselitz, 1970).
Aside from key positions in the government, graduates of economic
may also become involved in the finance sector, such as banking,
accountancy, tax, and insurance. Others may get to be employed in the
field of management, marketing, human resources, sales, and advertising.
Economics majors may also be hired in the academe.
Challenges to the Modern Filipino Family
The family is the major topic under the heading of social
organization being an area of study of sociology. Sociology, as we all know
now, is one of the social sciences dealing with the scientific study of
human interaction and phenomena.
As a social scientist, one may study the various challenges affecting
Filipino family. The processes of modernization, urbanization, and
industrialization have influences the outlook of family members on several
important matters pertaining to employment opportunities, family
structure and authority, and general roles. For example, women now have
equal access to work unlike in the past where men are expected to be the

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family breadwinners. Likewise, household chores can now be shared by
both the husband and wife especially if both have jobs. Unfortunately,
there is a marked decline on the authority of husband and father to other
family members as well as on the influence of the family members
themselves to a particular individual member. Other phenomena that
maybe investigated by a social scientist include the changing sex norms
and behavior, evolving concept of marriage, effect of migration, and the
emergence of solo-parent families (Medina, 2001).
To address the needs of social organizations, graduates of sociology
may become, exhaustively involved in community and social services. To
be more specific, they could work as child care worker, community
organizer, family planning worker, hospital administrator, housing
coordinator, medical records workers, career counselors, public
assistance workers, rehabilitation program worker, or youth outreach
worker. In business and industry, sociologists or sociology major could
work as banker, computer analyst, human resources manager, insurance
agent, market analysts, project manager, quality control manager, real
estate agent, or sales representatives. In education, they could become
part of the academe as teachers and counselors. In the government
sectors, they can be employed as foreign service officer, human rights
officer, legislative aide, or urban planner. In research, they may be hired
as consumer researchers, data analyst, interviewer, market researches, or
statistician.
The Phenomenon of Environmentalism
History has proven that environmental improvement depends
directly on rapid economic growth. For example, if underdeveloped
countries insist on using traditional farming techniques instead of
adopting modern high-yield agriculture, their farmers, might be forced by
hunger to level huge tracts of lands. There is a need to intensify
agricultural practices in order to prevent famine and forestall the
destruction of wildlife.
In the Philippines, we have witnessed the vulnerability of our food
security and agricultural products as result of climate change disasters.
Greenhouse gases have been increasing due to rash human activities.
Time and again, the occurrences of El Nino and tropical cyclones have
caused tremendous damage to the lives and properties of affected
Filipinos. In 2006, super typhoon Reming hit the Bicol Region destroying
billions of pesos of agricultural products and infrastructure. With all
these, environmental challenges, Filipino social scientists must continue
undertaking studies in order to evaluate the impact of climate change to
marine ecosystems and coastal zones, prevent the spread of infectious
diseases to localities, and formulate plans to avert the threat of famine
that is expected to hit the Philippines in 2020. Other environmental issues

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in the country include man-made destruction of our natural resources
and biodiversity, wide-scale pollution (land, air, and water), and the
alarming garbage problem in the metropolis. Urban, planners, community
organizers, environmental organizers, social policy program officers, and
economic development officers must work hand-in-hand to address these
alarming environmental concerns.
The Established Disciplines
The term discipline refers to a particular field of study, learning, or
knowledge, such as chemistry, botany, economics, or history. We have
learned from previous lessons that all disciplines have their own historical
development, nature of emergence, and controversies, including their fair
share of arguments and disagreements that originate from the community
of academic experts within and outside the field.
Each discipline has its own way of looking at things through its
respective lens. As a result, disciplines in the social sciences have their
particular means of analyzing society depending on their focus of study.
For example, psychology focuses on the mental and behavioral
characteristics of an individual or group. Sociology may deal with the
development, interaction, and collective behavior of humans in
organizations. Anthropology may study the physical development og
humans though time. As you can now see, disciplines possess certain
assumptions, notions, suppositions, and techniques relevant to their field
of study.
Table 1: Inter-, Multi-, and Transdiscipline studies explained (three
different studies of discipline)

TERMS MAIN DIFFERENCE

Interdisciplinary Looking at “the same” issues/s from multiple

disciplinary perspectives, in a way that tries to
integrate or make holistic sense of the various
explanations of “the same” phenomena that are
generated from each of the disciplinary
perspectives.

Multidisciplinary The world has many different disciplines each of

which attempts to explain “the same” phenomena
from their respective disciplinary viewpoints.

Transdisciplinary Drawing together the concepts, theories, and

approaches from different disciplines in a shared
conceptual framework, a complete integration of
the discipline perspectives.

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The Interdisciplinary Perspective
The emergence of interdisciplines in recent years has blurred the
lines between the disciplines and interdisciplinarity (Repko, 2008).
Examples of interdisciplinary studies are environmental studies, cognitive
science, arts management, social psychology, biochemistry,
ethnomusicology, and Native American studies.

Established Disciplines Interdisciplinary Studies

Claim a body of knowledge about Claims a burgeoning professional

certain subjects or objects literature of increasing
sophistication, depth of analysis,
breadth of coverage, and utility

Have methods of acquiring Makes use of disciplinary methods,

knowledge and theories to order but these are subsumed under a
that knowledge research process of its own that
involves drawing on relevant
disciplinary insights, concepts,
theories, and methods to produce
integrated knowledge.

Seek to produce new knowledge, Produces new knowledge ,more

concepts, and theories, within or comprehensive understandings,
related to their domains. new meanings, and cognitive
courses

Possess a recognized core of Is beginning to form a core of

courses explicitly interdisciplinary courses

Have their own community of Is forming its own community of

experts experts

Are self-contained and seek to Is largely dependent on the

control their respective domains as disciplines for its source material
they relate to each other.

Train future experts in their Is training future experts in older

discipline-specific master’s and fields such as American studies
doctoral programs. and in newer fields such as
cultural studies through its

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 master’s and doctoral programs
and undergraduate majors.

The Multidisciplinary Perspective

A multidisciplinary approach utilizes two or more disciplines when
investigating a certain issue. However, it still concentrates on individual
disciplines that are engaged in the study. For example, multidisciplinary
researchers work and analyze processes, themes, issues, or topics using
the lens of their specific disciplines in order to address a common
problem.
The Role of Social Science in Addressing Social Issues
A) Gender Inequality
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), gender equality
refers to the differences between men and women that systematically favor
one group, which is the result of distinct roles and behaviors that a
particular society considers appropriate for men and women. Gender
ideology promotes sexism, or the belief that there exist natural
psychological, behavior, and intellectual differences between men and
women and that these differences justify the superiority of one group over
another, and it is usually the women who are considered the inferior
group. Foe liberal feminism, women should be given the right to
education, for only through education can women prove their rationality.
Gender ideology dictates that men are the breadwinners in the family
therefore they should have all the chances they could get to land a job,
and getting a degree is seen as a guarantee of landing a job; while
educating women is seen as a futile endeavor since women, even after
earning a degree, are expected to stay at home and take care of their
family. Liberal feminism operates on the idea that women are rational, too,
hence women should be given equal opportunities and rights with men by
virtue of that rationality. Therefore it is important that women be granted
the right to be educated because only through education can women prove
their rationality.
B) Racial Discrimination
Racial discrimination is another social issue that we still face today.
It refers to the actions, behavior, or treatment based on prejudice or hatred
against persons based on their race (Hunt and Colander, 2011). It involves
narrow-mindedness and discrimination against people who are thought to
be inferior to other people based on the color of their skin. Racial
discrimination may be in the form of social acts, customs or beliefs. It can
also be described as unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of
prejudice. Racial discrimination happens when a person in treated
unfavorably compared to another person in a parallel situation because of

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race, color, ancestry, national or ethnic origin, or immigrant status.
Another example would be the oppression being faced by African
Americans from white Americans. In the Philippines, racial discrimination
was evident at the time of Spanish colonialism when the Spaniards called
the natives indios, meaning people belonging to an inferior race, or
savages.
C) Terrorism
Terrorism is commonly used term but one which is hard to define.
The following characteristics might help us understand the concept better:
it is political; it is about the pursuit, acquisition, and use of power; it is
about violence or threat of violence with the goal of instilling fear beyond
the immediate victims; it targets military, government representatives, as
well as civilians; and it involves calculated or planned acts by
organizations with specific structures (Hoffman, 1998). It is also usually
defined as the use of aggression and coercion in search of political goals.
But in reality, there has never been an agreement on the definition of
terrorism for the term itself is seen as having negative connotations.
Terrorism has traditionally been considered as representing mental
disorder, thus can be analyzed using psychoanalysis.
D) Social Inequality
Social inequality refers to the existence of unequal opportunities and
rewards for different social positions within a group or society, and
contains structured and recurrent patterns of unequal distribution of
goods, wealth, opportunities, rewards, and punishments (Crossman,
2014). It has several significant dimensions, such as earnings, wealth,
power, prestige, education, lineage, race, and ethnicity. Social inequality
means certain groups of people have access to more resources and
opportunities than others. By virtue of social inequality being linked to
gender, class, and race, people who often dominate in societies are males,
whites, those with higher education, and those with higher incomes. If we
use Pantayong Pananaw as an approach to analyze the issue of social
inequality in the Philippines, the concept of the great cultural divide could
be applied to explain why social inequality exists. History has shown us
that the great divide between the elite and the masses at present traces
its roots to colonial times when some wealthy Filipinos were used by
Spanish colonizers to implement colonial interest in the country (the
principalia class). Sikolohiyang Pilipino can also be used to analyze social
inequality. In Sikolohiyang Pilipino, the core concept of kapuwa is
distinguised from its counterpart in the American English language,
which is “other”. Kapuwa means unity of the self and other, or extension
of the self, while “”other” means a person or a thing that is different or
distinct from one already mentioned or known about.
Conclusion:

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 We have utilized feminist theory ( liberal feminism) and symbolic
interactionism to analyze gender inequality. Marxism and structuralism
functionalism to analyze discrimination; rational choice and
psychoanalysis to analyze terrorism; and Pantayong Pananaw and
Sikolohiyang Pilipino to analyze social inequality.

Let Us Practice

A. Identify the correct answer for each number. Write the correct answer on
the blank space before the number. Item number 1 is done for you.

Migration 1. The act of moving from place to another.

__________ 2. The state of a person who lacks material possessions, such as
food, shelter, or clothing
__________ 3. Process of town and city formation resulting to a larger
concentration of people
__________ 4. Said to be a government by the people, for the people, and of
the people
__________ 5. The act of gaining wealth illegally.

B. Match the social scientist who may be involved in the following scenarios.
One or two scientist may suffice one statement. Choose your answers from
the box.
Sociologist
Political Scientist
Economist
Demographer

Demographer 1. A certain locality has to be evaluated due to the rising

incidence of infectious diseases afflicting a huge portion of
the population.
_____________ 2. There is a need to implement livelihood programs in order
to help people in the rural areas and be able to sustain
themselves.
_____________ 3. Laws must be enacted in order to cleanse the
bureaucracyfrom corrupt practices.
_____________ 4. Modernization has affected the outlook of society on
thepresent status of the Filipino family.
_____________ 5. The current working trend has presented equal access for
both men and women.

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 Let Us Practice More
Identify the concept being described in each item. Write the correct
answer on the blank before each item.
_____________ 1. Means unity of the self and other, or extension of the self
_____________ 2. The existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for
different social positions within a society.
_____________ 3. Means a person or a thing that is different of distinct from
one already mentioned or known about
_____________ 4. Conditions that harm any segment of the population which
are induced by society.
_____________ 5. How men and women should be.
_____________ 6. Socio-cultural basis of being male or female
_____________ 7. Refers to the unfair acknowledged barrier to advancement
in profession, especially affecting women and members of
marginalized groups.
_____________ 8. Women should be given the right to education for only
through education can women prove their rationality.
_____________ 9. An adverse judgement or opinion formed beforehand
without examination of the facts.
_____________ 10. Emphasizes the role of shared values as the basis of any
existing social order.

Let Us Remember

Directions: Write down what you know and want to learn about the
following social issues.

What I KNOW What I WANT to learn

Gender Inequality
Racial Discrimination

Terrorism

Social Inequality

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 Let Us Assess

Give two specific profession and how this profession helps in addressing
a particular societal issue. Provide a cut-out picture or printed picture or
drawing to show the two specific profession. (picture is 5 points) You will be
evaluated based on the following criteria for the short explanation of how each
profession helps in assessing a particular societal issue.

CATEGORY 5 3 1
Content The content The content is The topic is
is relevant, relevant, and irrelevant,
complete and substantial yet unsubstantial
substantial incomplete and incomplete
Readability All texts are Some texts are Most of the texts
of Text readable and readable and are not readable
legibly not legibly and not legibly
written written written
Spelling and No errors in 2-3 errors in More than 5
Grammar grammar and grammar and errors in
spelling spelling grammar and
spelling

Let Us Enhance

Think of one Social Issue that has been given solution and make a
Poster about it. You will be evaluated by the following criteria.
Poster Making

Criteria Rating

The poster clearly conveys the information and 5

message.

The poster shows effective use of technique and god 5

choice of materials.

The poster is creative and artistic. 5

Effective time and work management in making the 5

poster are evident.

TOTAL (20 pts) 20

Let Us Reflect
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Think of a social issue in the Philippines that can be analyzed using the
structural functionalist approach and Pantayong Pananaw or Sikolohiyang
Pilipino. Discuss the relevance and advantages of using Filipino perspectives
in analyzing our own social problems.

CATEGORY 5 3 1
Personal The personal The personal The personal
Insight insight is insight is relevant, insight is
relevant, and substantial yet irrelevant,
complete and incomplete unsubstantial
substantial and incomplete

Readability of All texts are Some texts are Most of the

Text readable and readable and not texts are not
legibly written legibly written readable and
not legibly
written
Spelling and No errors in 2-3 errors in More than 5
Grammar grammar and grammar and errors in
spelling spelling grammar and
spelling

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 15
Let us Practice
A)
Let us Practice More
1. Migration
1. Kapuwa
2. Poverty
2. Social inequality
3. Urbanization
3. Other
4. Democracy
4. Social issues
5. Ill-gotten
5. Gender ideology
B)
6. Gender
1. Demographer
7. Glass ceiling
2. Economist
8. Liberal feminism
3. Political Scientist
9. Prejudice
4. Sociologist
10. Consensus theory
5. Sociologist
Answer key
 References

Bed. “Media Gallery”. Learning Resource Portal. Accessed July

10, 2020.
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a_resources/528c1ad9ee32a.jpeg

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Accessed July 11, 2020.
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Cleaning a Classroom. “Media Gallery”. Learning Resource Portal.

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of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Accessed May
20, 2020. https://www.doh.gov.ph/2019-nCoV

Flying Birds. “Media Gallery”. Learning Resource Portal. Accessed

July 10, 2020.
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a _resources/53040aa595e80.png

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Accessed July 10, 2020.
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Girl Singing_col. “Media Gallery”. Learning Resource Portal.
Accessed July 10, 2020.
http://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/media/cache/my_thumb/
media_resources/52e89660a1af8.jpeg

Nash, Kitty. “Kinds of Sentences/Sentence Purposes.” English

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https://www.englishgrammar101.com/module-
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Ponciano, Mil Flores, Esperanza Diaz Cruz, Ana Lou Caspi,

Criselda DG Ocang, Jeanette V. Sison, Raymond
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Para sa mga katanungan o puna, sumulat o tumawag sa:

Department of Education – Tagum City Division

Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100

Telefax :(084) 216-3504

Email Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph

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