Community Engagement

Solidarity and Citizenship 12

Quarter 1
Module 7
Community Structures:
1. Social Structures
2. Cultural Structures
3. Economic Structures
4. Political Structures
Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Community Structures: Social, Cultural, Economic and
Political Structures
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City.

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Arnold L. Espinas
Contributors: Segundino L. Maraño & Win B. Lascuña
Editor: Danim R. Majerano
Illustrator: Arnold L. Espinas
Layout Artist: Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
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OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

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Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
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Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

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City
 Community Engagement
Solidarity and Citizenship 12
Quarter 1
Module 7
Community Structures:
 Social Structure
 Cultural Structure
 Economic Structure
 Political Structures
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship Self

Learning Module on Community Structures: Social, Cultural, Economic and Political
Structures!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship Self

Learning Module on Community Structures: Social, Cultural, Economic and Political
Structures!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Cite the processes of the different structures that operate within the community.
2. Explain the how the interactions of different structures affect the dynamics of the
community.
3. Assess the impact of the interactions of the different community structures to the
members of the community.

PRETEST

Multiple Choice: Pick from the choices given below your choice answer to each of
the items. You can ask the assistance of any of your parents/guardian to help you
assess you performance. Ok let’s get it on!

Answer choices:
A. Social Structure B. Cultural Structure
C. Economic Structure D. Political Structure

1. Many students has been longing to be with their classmates face-to-face in the
school. __________
2. Schools in the Philippines take a long holiday break in the latter part of December
every year. __________
3. The government imposed strict rules to keep the people from moving around
outside their homes without important purpose during the enhance community
quarantine. __________
4. Many workers lost their jobs because many industries ceased operations.
__________
5. Family served as the basic foundation of every community. __________

RECAP

Let us have a short review of the lessons from the last module:

1. What is you most significant learnings from the previous lesson?

2. What makes them significant?

I hope you are all set for the lessons in this module. So let’s get started!
 LESSON

Start-up activity: Look and Reflect

1. What changes in the Filipinos’ daily life is taking place in the pictures?

Photo credits to thestar.com Photo credits to theguardian.com

2. Why do the government need to step up law enforcement during the covid19
pandemic?

Photo credits to metronewscentral.com Photo credits to the philstar.com

The community as a social system is composed of different structures. These

structures has manifest and latent functions to the entire system. They are supposed
to help communities achieve stability however the results are not always positive.
That is the reason why we need the knowledge on community dynamics and
processes to help us understand why it is so.
 The illustration shows the
interactions of the different
structures can help bring
stability to the community.

There is stability if the community

can withstand all challenges brought
about by miscalculations of the
people, wrong decisions by leaders
and any other natural and social
phenomena. One example is the
Covid19 pandemic.

A. STRUCTURES OF A COMMUNITY

1. Social Structure

It includes first and foremost, the

family being the foundation of every
community. Of all the structures of the
community, the family has the biggest
contribution to the character building of the
population. The individual member undergo
a process of character building based on a
common cultural views and practices by the Illustration of a Filipino family
by the late national artist
family.
Fernando Amorsolo.
 Social groupings is another example under the category of social structure.
The identity of social group depends on what function it represent and how it
operates in performing its functions. Considered within the realm of social group are
those groups outside the confines of the family circle. Membership in different social
groups do not always follow a single pattern of inclusion. It may depend on the nature
and functions of a group. One group may be open for all ages and gender while others
may be restricted to pre-identified class like interests and occupations among others.

This picture gives an idea of the different groupings in a

community. Photo credits to newportmayo.ie

Youth environmental activists

joining hands to protect the
environment. Photo credits to
cnn.com

A strong and dynamic social groupings encourage discourses on social

concerns resulting in changes in views on how issues should be taken or resolved.
They also open the door for innovative way of doing daily tasks and introducing new
ideas that can bring positive impact to the economic and political processes.

The social structure involves interactions that were driven by the human’s
inherent drive to form bonds with others for diverse purposes. The family, the people
in the neighborhood, peers and the circle of friends they all form part of one person’s
social network. The presence of each of the group within the social structure is
usually felt when they engage in the issues affecting the community.
2. Cultural Structure

For Edward Burnett Tylor, considered as the father of

cultural anthropology, culture is “a complex whole which
includes knowledge beliefs, law, art, morals, customs and
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member
of a society” (britannica.com, 2010). Culture doesn’t take
form in short span of time but rather is shaped through a
long period of practice and a process of deliberate transfer en.wikipedia.org
from one generation to another.

Religion is part of the cultural structure with the purpose of promoting beliefs
and influencing individual’s way of dealing with day-to-day life situations. Religious
beliefs are responsible for many social activities observed in different parts of the
country which include the town fiestas, Christmas, and Eid ul Fitr.

A town fiesta is celebrated

showcasing the artistic
talents of local residents in
Angono, Rizal.
Photo credits to
choosephilippines.com

Traditional culture remains apparent in the social traits of many Filipinos.

Indigenous Peoples (IPs) continue to cling to their traditional practices as a way of
life even when they are already in an entirely different social and geographical
environment.

A traditional Igorot ritual of

cleansing for an unfortunate
events that cause damages to
lives called the “Daw-es.”
Photo credit to Redgie Melvic
Cawis/PIA CAR
 During the crisis we dig deeper into our stockpile of social values in helping
each other cope with the effects of the pandemic. One example is the bayanihan
which despite the crisis we are facing some people still managed to help those in
need.

A generous vendor gave

out free taho to frontliners
during the covid19
pandemic. A classic
exhibit of the bayanihan
spirit by one person.
Photo credit to Hannibal
Talete/News5 Features
Facebook.

The cultural structure may be likened to the software in a computer which

defines the usefulness of each of the parts or the so called hardware. Even when the
computer is equipped with the best hardware available if there is no software there
is no way the computer will be of any help to the owner. That is the case with the
community composed of people of complex personalities and values. The culture
system will serve as a unifying factor toward creating a dynamic, orderly and
progressive community.

3. Economic Structure

Part of the economic structure is the system on equal distribution of

resources including the multitude of benefits that can be derived from them.
Economic structure maintains a set of rules to regulate and protect the interest of
everyone in the community from the consumer to the producers and distributors of
goods and services.

In many traditional
communities, economic structure is
observed as part of their culture. There
is a system of property acquisition and
transfer of ownership. In urban
communities economic activities are
driven by and reliant on modern
technologies.

The economic structures consist

of the rules and practices that govern Photo credit to Jel Santos/news.mb.com.ph
fair distribution and utilization of
resources. The people that produce and facilitate the distribution of products and
services. And of course the people who consumes the products and services ensuring
healthy interactions between the economic structure and the other three.

4. Political Structure

Political structure is basic to cartoonmovement.com

the community in upholding and
preserving order. This kind of
structure is indispensable even in the
family where order is important to
keep it stable. It sets the limitations
for each person’s freedom and rights
over matters that include property
ownership, privacy, inheritance and
use of public domains among others.

In any group or community there

is an entity that holds power which
should be practiced in harmony with the
established goals otherwise social
discords and instability will follow.
Photo credit to online.seu.edu

Authority lies in the

hands of an individual or
a group, depending on the
traditional practice or
agreement of the
members. Photo credit to
msn.com

Leaders of indigenous tribes in

Mindanao gather in an
assembly to promote peace in
their respective territories.
Photo credit to rappler.com
 Barangay and local Police
officials held a meeting with
residents to discuss issues
affecting the community.
Photo credit to
ilovesanjoaquinpasig.com

Power within the political structure may be exercise according to customary

practices as well as to a convention supported by the community members. Formal
authority to govern on the other hand may be obtained through a process of election
or simply by designation from a higher authority.

ACTIVITIES

True or False: Answer true if you think the statement is representing positive
interaction of structures and false if otherwise.
1. A child growing up in a community of lawless people. __________
2. The city government is doing the best it can to provide students with everything
they need for online classes. __________
3. Negligent barangay officials are allowing the vendors to block the sidewalk
denying the pedestrian safe space to walk on the side of the street. __________
4. Joe a businessman has been paying his tax dues religiously so that the
government will have funds to support it operations. __________
5. Some undisciplined persons are throwing their garbage to the river. __________

WRAP-UP

After the discussion in this modules I hope that you learned a lot about the
different structures of the community. The interactions of the said structures affect
the community in various ways. Can you give one instance that show how one
particular community structure interact with another in your community? How did
such interactions affect your family?
 At this point let me give this to you as a point for reflection: How can you be
an effective initiator of positive interactions between any two or all of the community
structures?

VALUING

Whether intended or not all of our actions are reflections of the interactions of
the different social structures operating in our community. Being members of the
community we have a role to play in the entire system. These roles may be socially
defined but at least we are provided with the choices, to make ourselves significant
to the community.
The choices that you will make will be all up to you. Just bear in mind that it
is your community we are talking about. Not just a place for you to say home but a
place that has big influence to the decisions that you make for your future. It is
where you siblings grew up or will be growing up. Think about this: Why do you need
to take part in the community building? What good will it make you and your family?

POSTTEST

Multiple Choice: Pick from the choices given below your choice answer to each of
the items. You can ask the assistance of any of your parents/guardian to help you
assess you performance. Ok let’s get it on!

Answer choices:
A. Social Structure B. Cultural Structure
C. Economic Structure D. Political Structure

1. Many workers lost their jobs because many industries ceased operations.
__________
2. Many students has been longing to be with their classmates face-to-face in the
school. __________
3. The government imposed strict rules to keep the people from moving around
outside their homes without important purpose during the enhance community
quarantine. __________
4. Family served as the basic foundation of every community. __________
5. Schools in the Philippines take a long holiday break in the last period of December
every year. __________
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. B 4. A 3. D 2. A 1. C Posttest:

5. False 4. True 3. False 2. True 1. False Activity:

5. A 4. C 3. D 2. B 1. A Pretest:

ANSWERS:

REFERENCES
Books:

Andres, Tomas Quintin D. 1988. Community Development: A Manual. Quezon City. New Day
Publishers.

Baleña, Ederlina D. Lucero, Dolores M. & Peralta, Arnel M. 2016. Understanding

Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City: Educational Resources
Corporation.

Duka, Cecilio D., Buraga, Jeremias F., Pila, Rowena A. 2014. An Introduction To Sociology:
A Filipino Perspective. Mandaluyong City. Anvil Publishing Inc.

Espinas, Arnold L. 2010. Reference Text In Nstp-Cwts. Malabon City. Mutya Publishing
House.

Zulueta, Francisco M. 2002. General Sociology (Revised Edition). Mandaluyong City:

Academic Publishing Corporation.

Photos and Illustrations:

Basa, Mick - Lumad groups propose ‘peace sanctuaries’ in Mindanao. August 30 2017.
Accessed on June 10 2020 https://www.rappler.com/nation/180626-lumads-
propose-peace-sanctuaries-mindanao

Cartoonmovment.com – Political Rights. Accessed on June 10 2020

https://cartoonmovement.com/collection/19

Cawis, Redgie Melvic - Daw-es: Igorots' cleansing ritual for dead, living. November 1 2018.
Accessed on June 10 2020 https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1052457

Commons-wikimedia.org – Edward Burnett Tylor. Accessed June 15 2020

commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Burnett_Tylor.png

De Guzman Miguel - Curfew violators won’t be arrested — PNP. March 29 2020. Accessed on
June 11 2020
 https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/03/29/2004095/curfew-violators-
wont-be-arrested-pnp

Dela Cruz, Chista I. – Art Capital Celebrates Fiesta with Giants. November 16 2015. Accessed on
June 10 2020 https://www.choosephilippines.com/culture/festivals/3771/art-
capital-celebrates-town-fiesta-higantes

ILoveSanJoaquin.com-Purok Ugnayan sa Villa Tupaz. Accessed on June 10 2020

https://www.google.com/search?q=images+for+ilovesanjoaquin.com

Media, Genesis - Vico Sotto fires Pasig government official for ‘abusive behavior.’ August 18
2019. Accessed on June 10 2020. https://www.msn.com/en-
ph/entertainment/celebrity/vico-sotto-fires-pasig-government-official-for-abusive-
behavior/ar-AAG0rBi?li=BBuSk52

Newport – Community Groups. Accessed June 11 2020 http://www.newportmayo.ie/a-

community.html

Rodriguez Paulo - PNP To Intensify Implementation of Community Quarantine. March 2020.

Accessed on June 11 2020 http://metronewscentral.net/police-news/in-and-
around-the-metro/pnp-to-intensify-implementation-of-community-quarantine

Silbiger Sarah - Greta Thunberg isn't alone. Meet some other young activists who are leading
the environmentalist fight. September 29 2019. Accessed on June 11 2020
https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/28/world/youth-environment-activists-greta-
thunberg-trnd/index.html

Santos, Jel - Pasig initiates carless weekends. December 16 2017. Accessed on June 10 2020
https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/12/16/pasig-initiates-carless-weekends/

Southeastern University – Essential Types of Leadership Styles. August 6 2018. Accessed on June
11 2020 https://online.seu.edu/articles/essential-types-of-leadership-styles/

Talete, Hannibal – Vendor Gives Away his Taho to Frontliners at Valenzuela-Meycauayan

Checkpoint. March 20 2020. Accessed on June 10 2020 https://rachfeed.net/vendor-
gives-away-his-taho-to-frontliners-at-valenzuela-meycauayan-boundary-
checkpoint/

The Star - Philippines' Duterte donates one-month salary to fund anti-virus efforts.
April 5 2020, Accessed on June 11 2020
thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/04/05/philippines039-duterte-
donates-one-month-salary-to-fund-anti-virus-efforts