The central dogma of molecular biology is a framework that explains the flow of genetic

information within a biological system, from DNA to RNA to proteins. It states that DNA
is transcribed into RNA, and RNA is then translated into proteins.

The process of DNA transcription involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA
template. During transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific
region of DNA called the promoter and unwinds the double helix. The RNA polymerase
then synthesizes a complementary RNA strand using the DNA template as a guide. Once
the RNA molecule is complete, it is released from the DNA template and processed into
its final form.

The next step in the central dogma is translation, which is the process of synthesizing a
protein from an RNA molecule. Translation occurs on ribosomes, which are large
molecular machines made up of RNA and proteins. During translation, the ribosome
reads the RNA sequence in groups of three nucleotides called codons, and matches
each codon with the appropriate amino acid to build a protein.

Overall, the central dogma provides a fundamental understanding of how genetic

information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins, and how this process governs the
development and function of all living organisms.