Optimization

Mr. Christopher C. Dacanay

Senior High School
University of Santo Tomas

This material was prepared by the teacher for the exclusive and personal use of those students who are officially enrolled in the section. Some parts of the
presentation were lifted from various print and online resources. Any error that may be found in the material was not intentionally committed by the teacher.
 Lord, true source of light and wisdom
Give me a keen sense of understanding
A retentive memory
And the capacity to grasp things correctly.

Grant me the grace

To be accurate in my expositions
And the skill to express myself
With thoroughness and clarity.

Be with me at the start of my work

Guide its progress
And bring it to completion.

Grant this through Christ, our Lord.

Amen.
 Optimization

Learning Competencies
• illustrate the Intermediate Value and Extreme Value
Theorems
• solve optimization problems that yield polynomial
functions
 Intermediate Value Theorem
Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT)
Let a function𝑓 be continuous on the closed
interval 𝑎, 𝑏 , where 𝑓 𝑎 ≠ 𝑓 𝑏 . Then for any k
number 𝑘 between 𝑓 𝑎 and 𝑓 𝑏 , there is at
least one number 𝑐 ∈ 𝑎, 𝑏 such that
𝑓 𝑐 = 𝑘.
Illustration:
Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3 3 + 1. Determine if IVT applies to 𝑓 on the closed interval
4,6 for 𝑘 = 9. If it does, find a number 𝑐 that satisfies the theorem.
 Critical Number and Critical Points

Example 1
 Relative Extrema and Extreme Value Theorem

Extreme Value Theorem (EVT)

Let a function 𝑓 be continuous on the closed interval 𝑎, 𝑏 . Then the extreme
values (maximum and minimum) of 𝑓 always exist, and they occur either at
the endpoints or the critical points of 𝑓.
 Relative Extrema and Extreme Value Theorem

Example 2
 Extreme Value Theorem

Example 2
 Increasing and Decreasing Function

Example 3 Determine the intervals where the function is increasing or decreasing.

First Derivative Test
 Second Derivative Test

Example 4 Using the FDT and the SDT, determine the relative extrema of the function f.
 Second Derivative Test

Example 4 Using the FDT and the SDT, determine the relative extrema of the function f.
 Optimization
One of the most common applications of calculus involves the determination
of minimum and maximum values. This process is called optimization.
Some Optimization Problems
1. Find two nonnegative numbers whose sum is 20 and whose product is maximum.
2. Find two positive real numbers whose product is 16 and whose sum is minimum.
3. A farmer has 2,000 feet of fencing to enclose a pasture area. The field should
have the shape of a rectangle with one side bordered by a currently existing rock
fence. What should be the dimensions of the field to enclose the maximum area?
4. Joshua wants to construct a box for his project. Its base length is 3 times the base
width. The material used to build the top and bottom costs Php 400/ sq ft, and
the material used to build the sides costs Php 240/sq ft. If the box must have a
volume of 50 cu ft, determine the dimensions that will minimize the cost to
construct the box.
 Optimization
Suggested Steps in Solving Optimization Problems
1. Make a sketch or draw a diagram, if helpful.
2. Clearly identify what quantity is to be maximized or minimized.
3. Create equations relevant to the context of the problem, using the
information given.
4. If the equation that defines the quantity to be optimized as a function of
more than one variable, reduce it to a single variable function using
substitutions derived from the other equations.
5. Identify the domain of this function, keeping in mind the context of
the problem.
6. Find the extreme values of this function on the determined domain.
7. Provide the answer to the main question using appropriate units.
 Optimization
Example
1. Find two nonnegative numbers whose sum is 20 and whose product is maximum.
2. Find two positive real numbers whose product is 16 and whose sum is minimum.
 Optimization
Example
A farmer has 2,000 feet of fencing to enclose a pasture area. The field should
have the shape of a rectangle with one side bordered by a currently existing rock
fence. What should be the dimensions of the field to enclose the maximum
area?
 Optimization
Example
We are going to fence in a rectangular field that encloses 75 ft2. Determine the
dimensions of the field that will require the least amount of fencing material to
be used.
 Optimization
Example
A lanzones farm can yield an average of 40 kg per tree when 20 trees are planted.
Each time one more tree is planted, the yield decreases by 1 kg as a result of
overcrowding. How many trees should be planted in order to maximize the yield?
 Optimization
Example
You need to design a rectangular poster that can contain 400 sq in of printed
material. If the printer requires 4-in margins at the top and bottom and 2-in
margins at the sides, what dimensions of the poster will minimize the amount of
paper used?
 Optimization
Example
Joshua wants to construct a box for his project. Its base length is 3 times the base
width. The material used to build the top and bottom costs Php 400/ sq ft, and
the material used to build the sides costs Php 240/sq ft. If the box must have a
volume of 50 cu ft, determine the dimensions that will minimize the cost to
construct the box.
 Optimization
Your Turn
1. We have 45 m2 of material to build a box with a square base and no top. Determine the
dimensions of the box that will maximize the enclosed volume.
2. A hotel has 200 rooms and it can attain full capacity if it charges Php 2400 per day. For
every Php 100 increase in cost, there are five rooms vacant. It also costs the hotel Php 800
to clean and maintain each occupied room. What price per day should the hotel charge in
order to maximize the profit?
3. We have a piece of cardboard that is 30 cm by 16 cm and we are going to cut out the
corners and fold up the sides to form a box. Determine the height of the box that will give
a maximum volume.
4. What is the smallest perimeter possible for a rectangle whose area is 16 inches ² ?
5. We want to construct a cylindrical can with a bottom but no top that will have a volume of
30 cm3. Determine the dimensions of the can that will minimize the amount of material
needed to construct the can.
 CLOSING PRAYER
We thank you Lord for this wonderful opportunity that we have
learned today. And for the knowledge and wisdom that we will
continue to harbor. Guide us, oh Lord, and bless us as we separate
our ways and meet again for another day. Keep us safe from any
harm and lead us your way. As we go on our way, we hope that you
will continue to guide us and help us to be a better student, and
for our teacher to continue to share her knowledge and experience
for the sake of our future. Bless us oh Lord with your mercy and
wisdom and be with us always. Amen.