2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE)
A bidirectional DC-DC converter fed separately
excited DC motor electric vehicle application
2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE) 978-1-7281-4142-8/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE 10.1109/ic-ETITE47903.2020.421
Amit Tanaji Waghe
Electrical Engineering Department
Government College of engineering karad,
Karad, India
amitwaghe255@gmail.com
ABSTRACT- This paper is designed to fuel the limits of
the DC motor due to the bidirectional DC-DC converter,
the modern world is to implement the regenerative
braking electric vehicle concept. Bidirectional DC-DC
converters to (BDDDC) is significantly greater interest in
electric vehicle applications.For a bidirectional DC-DC
converter, a battery, traction chain and separately excited
motor. DC-DC converter and Control. Acceleration and
pressure to match the motor rated battery voltage to
control the power flow braking situation, and the second:
DC-DC converter is required mainly to two functions.
Acceleration and normal mode the motor, and the motor
kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy flows
between the battery power during braking or regenerative
mode and is fed back to the battery. In this project,
bidirectional DC-DC converter regenerative braking will
be done using a DC motor powering and energy recovery
operations MATLAB / Simulink.
Keyword-bidirectional DC-DC converter ; lithium-ion battery;
Seperately excited DC motor.
I. INTRODUCTION
The best solution to electric vehicle (EV) to solve a problem
related to the environment and to reduce fossil natural
resources. (1).Recently bi-directional DC-DC converter has
been developed on a large scale research and various
applications such as electric vehicle, in the case of the battery
electric vehicles (BFEVs), electrical energy flows between the
motor and the battery side. In order to achieve zero emissions
vehicle can only be powered by batteries. Battery on a large
scale high energy density, compact size, and their
characteristics in terms of the reliability of vehicles has been
adopted on the ground. (1), (2) technology to increase the
driving range of electric vehicles as well as improves
performance by using EV and the total cost will be less
competitive and convectional vehicle. (3) The converter allows
the reflection power motor a significant amount of the current
braking control as well as a DC motor, a difference which
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Dr. S.K. Patil
Associate Professor,
Electrical Engineering Department
Government College of engineering karad,
Karad, India
Skpatilkarad@rediffmail.com
allows the motor voltage level of the voltage of the battery
voltage step down DC-DC using the vehicle kinetic energy of
the battery in this mode can be seized .(5) In this provided the
load as the battery electric vehicles, and its braking power. The
use of regenerative braking and shown that it increases the
driving range of up to 15%. Convectional or convectional
vehicle braking mode is not possible.
A bidirectional DC-DC converter is used for the EVs
application of a DC motor DC link. Bidirectional DC-DC
converter motor speed difference according to is used for step
down the motor voltage irregular, and bidirectional DC-DC
converter using the control on allowing the reflection of power
flow and motor braking, possible to recover the kinetic energy
of the vehicle's potential energy of the battery to can be(6).
II. PROPPSED SYSTEM DESIGN
following this block dia. 1 bidirectional DC-DC converter
fed seperately excited motor.
Fig 1. Block diagram of the proposed system
III. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
A bi-directional DC-DC converter circuit drives system for
electric vehicle with a battery. The proposed battery electric
vehicle is designed and implemented as a motion control
system using PI controller. The overall drive system of electric
vehicles a net system to system complexity, cost and size.
1
 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE)

Q1
and increasing the battery voltage to run the motor in forward
Controller D1 direction(9)
ௗ௏ଵ ௜௔
Lc
 ൌ 3
CH
ௗ௧ ௖௛
M
ௗ௩ଶ ௏௕ ௏ଶ ௜௟
ൌ െ െ
Q2

 4
ௗ௧ ோ௕ Ǥ஼௟ ோ௕ Ǥ஼௟ ஼௟
Battery
Cl
D2
 
Interval3 (T2-T3) at an interval of less top switch Q1 is
turned on and switch Q 2 diode D 1, D2 reverse biased mode of
Figure2. Figure2. Bidirectional dc-dc converter with battery operation is closed with the buck converter during the
and dc motor interval.(7)
Q1

In this BDDC half-bridge supplies battery bank. In this

topology operates in buck-boost mode of motor operation as Controller D1

well as in boost mode in regenerative mode. In buck mode,

Q1and D1 act and current flows to motor side. In boost mode Q2 Lc CH

and D2 act and power flows in reverse in battery(7) Q2

M

A. CONVERTER OPERATION Battery

Cl
D2

BDDC motoring along in Figure2 and operate in continuous

conduction mode DC motor, regenerative braking. The four
sub-converter MOSFETs Q1 and Q2 are not being stable over Fig2 (c) interval (T2-T3).
time work to switch the interval 1 (T 0-T1), Interval 2 (T1-T2), Interval 3 (T2-T3): At the time T3, the upper switch Q1 is
the interval of 3 (T2-T3) and the interval 4 (T3- T4). In this turned on and the switch Q2 at low buck converter mode, but
topology, low battery voltage V1 and the high voltage load the interval is closed with a diode D1, D2.(8)
side V2. Gate of time switches Q1 and Q2 steady state
operation of the circuit drives are explained below.(7) (8)
ௗ௜௅ ି௩ଵ ௩ଶ
ൌ ൅ 5
Q1 ௗ௧ ௅௔ ௅௔

Controller D1

Lc CH
ௗ௩ଶ ௏௕ ௏ଶ ௜௟
M ൌ  െ െ 6
Q2 ௗ௧ ோ௕ Ǥ஼௟ ோ௕ Ǥ஼௟ ஼௟
 
Battery D2
Cl

Fig2 (a) the interval (T0-T1). Q1

In interval1 (T0-T1) is turned on at time T0 Q 2 and Q 2 is off Controller D1

and D 1, D2 is in reverse direction and converter act in boost

mode. Lc CH

Q1
M
Q2

Controller D1
Battery D2
Cl

Lc CH

M
Q2

Battery
Cl
D2
Fig2 (d) interval (T3-T4).

Interval4 (T3-T4):Both Q1 and Q2 are switched off during

Fig2 (B) interval (T1-T2).
the interval. Low switch Q2 start conducting body diode D2.
‫ܿܮ‬Ǥ ݀݅‫ ܮ‬ൌ ܸʹ 1 ௗ௏ଵ ୧୐ ௜௔
ௗ௧  ൌ െ 7
ௗ௧ ஼௛ ஼௛
ௗ௜௔  ௏ଵ ா௕ ௥௔
ൌ െ  െ ݅
ௗ௧  ௅௔ ௅௔ ௅௔ ܽ 2
Interval2 (T1-T2) is at this interval time switches Q1 and Q2 ௗ௜௔ ௏ଵ ா௕ ௥௔
ൌ െ െ ݅ܽ 8
is turned OFF and D1and Q1 in conduction mode.The converter ௗ௧ ௅௔ ௅௔ ௅௔
supplied across the motor. As this converter act in boost mode

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 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE)

K=Polarization constant (Ah-1) or Polarization resistance

of battery.
K=Polarization constant (Ah-1) or Polarization resistance
of battery.
The state space model is given below average i* = Low frequency current dynamics (A) of battery.
i = Battery current (A)
it = Extracted capacity (Ah) of battery.

ª il º Q = Maximum battery capacity (Ah) of battery.

« ia » ª Eb º A = Exponential voltage (V) of battery.
0 = a. « » + B « » 9 B = Exponential capacity (Ah)-1 of battery.
«V 1» ¬Vb ¼
« » Fee for lithium ion battery (SOC) battery is fully charged
¬V 2¼ state is 100% and 10% empty.
SOC can be calculated of battery:
ª 0 0  (1  D) / Lc 1 / Lc º ଵ
SOC = 100 (ͳ െ ‫׬‬଴ ݅ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ݀‫ݐ‬ሻ
௧
ொ
« 0 Ra / La 1 / La 0 »
a= « »
«(1  D) / Ch  1 / Ch 0 0 » At the time of regenerative braking motoring mode voltage
« »
¬  1 / Ch  1 / Rb.Cl ¼
0 0 at the battery voltage is low the battery to start the next
solid.
ª 0 0 º C. DC machine model
« 1 / La 0 » DC machine is either motoring mode or generating mode of
b =« » 10 operation. The machine supplies power from battery to motor
« 0 0 » then its act in motoring mode, when the machine supplies
« » power from motor to battery then it is act in regenerative
¬ 0 1 / Rb.Cl ¼ mode..
The mode of operation decided by the sign of mechanical
torque of the motor, in motoring mode the torque is positive
and at the regenerative mode the torque is negative.
The general operations of the separately excited motor is
coupled to the mechanical load and this load translated by
B. BATTERY MODEL
given below equations.
The importance of the proposed project rechargeable
battery plays a role, lithium ion battery ampere hour battery
capacity is the main advantage of this battery, the
recharging, the battery is the best option. ­ dZ
° j dt Te  Tl  BmZ  Tj
The following equations describe the charge and the
°
implementation of the lithium-ion battery. ° U E  Ri  L
di
®
Discharging model (i*>0) ° dt
ொ ொ ° Te Ki
f1(it , i* i )=E0-K- i*-K it+A exp(-Bit) 1
ொି௜௧ ொି௜௧ °¯ E KZ
Charging model (i*<0)
ொ ொ
f2(it,i*i)=E0-K- i*-K it+Aexp(-Bit) 2 Where:
௜௧ା଴Ǥଵொ ொି௜௧

Where: ω, Te, J, TL, Tf and Bm represents the speed,

electromagnetic torque produced by the machine, the inertia
EBatt = nonlinear voltage (V) of battery. moment of rotating part, external toque coulomb friction torque
E0 = constant voltage (V) of battery. and the viscous friction coefficient respectively.

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 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE)

U, E, R and L represents the voltage across the motor, the

counter electromotive force absorbed current, internal
resistance, and the inductance respectively K is the constant in
this model.
.

IV. SIMULATION AND RESULTS

Fig5. SOC, voltage and current of motoring mode of Battery

Fig.3charging mode of battery

Fig.4 regenerative mode

Fig.3 and fig4 simulation of motoring mode and regenerative

mode

Fig6. SOC, voltage and current of regenerative mode of

Battery

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 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE)

bidirectional DC-DC is DC motor to operate presented.

System performance has been verified by simulation using
MATLAB / SIMULINK environment. The topology of the
electric vehicles is not complicated circuit to increase the
driving range and easy to understand, and future work will
continue in the bidirectional DC-DC converter system is
proposed, and the performance of the EV can be analyzed
MATLAB / Simulink.
REFERENCES

[1] Bidirectional DC-DC converter of the electric vehicle

systemPremananda Pany1 * Singh2, Department of Electrical
Engineering, R Tripathi2, Technology, Allahabad (Uttar
Pradesh), India Motilal Nehru National Institute of the drive.
Engineering, Science and TechnologyVol International Journal.
3, No. 3, 2011, pp. 101-110
[2] A bidirectional DC-DC converter and electric vehicle applications Idris
Azizi Hammoud Radjeai automated laboratory (DFW), Setif-1-
UniversitySetif , because of the DC motor Algeriaelec85idrisyahoofr ,
hradjeai 97814673 @ yahoo.fr -6673 -1 / 15 / $ 31,00 © 2015 IEEE
[3] Two-way electric Vehicular application Manisha B Gaikwad assistant to
keep DC-DC hotel Fed DC Motor. Professor, Department of Electrical
Engineering SRCOEM 978-1-5386-5793-5 / 18 / $ 31.00 © 2018 IEEE
[4] High-performance bidirectional buck converter increase the DC drive
Karthikeyan.P * Shiva Chidambaranathan. . EEE, Sathyabama
University, Chennai 119, Tamil Nadu, V Department Author:
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regenerative mode of motor [5] 2278-3075, Volume 8, Issue: Capacity Building and T.Rampradesh
again, C.Christober Asir Rajan innovative technology E.Hemaavarthini
Electric Vehicles International Exploration Engineering Journal with
(IJITEE) ISSN hotel for DC multi-input bidirectional DC design -11
September 2019
[6] Design and bidirectional DC / AC andDC / converters control for DC
Plug-in Hybrid ElectricVehiclesOmar Hegazy, a student member, IEEE,
TABLE Joeri Van Mierlo and Electrical Engineering of Philip Lataire
Department and Energy Technology (ETEC) Vrije Universiteit Brussel
(VUB) Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussels, BelgiumOmar.Hegazy@vub.ac.be
RESULTS TABLE VALUE 978-1-4244-9843-7 / 11 / $ 26.00 © 2011 IEEE
PARAMETERS output VALUES [7] A.Khaligh; Z Lee, "Battery, Ultracapacitor, fuel cell and electric, hybrid
The battery SOC 99.977% electric, fuel cell hybrid systems EnergyStorage, and plug-in hybrid
battery Current 4.03A ElectricVehicles: State of the Art," IEEE Trans on Vehicular
battery voltage 48V Technology, Vol. 59, No. .3, pp. 2806-2814, 2010.
armature voltage 40V [8] CC Chan "Electric and hybrid vehicles in the state of the art, '' IEEE,
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DC motor speed 267rad / s
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[11] F Caricchi, F.Crescimbini, G.Noia, D.Pirolo, "DC link voltage control
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The paper said bidirectional converter for battery bidirectional DC-DC converter experimental study 1994, pp. 381-386
vol.1.
electric vehicles, the application of DC-DC converter

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