Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
College of Accountancy, Business, Economics and
International Hospitality Management
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City

EFFECTIVENESS OF SEX EDUCATION IN REDUCING TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN

TOWN PROPER, BATANGAS CITY

     A SEMESTRAL PROJECT

IN GEd 102 – MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Bachelor of Science in Accountancy

    Submitted by:

Molinyawe, Jhana Pauline R.

Pesigan, Jena Jade M.

Tapia, Jhuliana Claire I.

     Submitted to:

Asst Prof. AMELIA D. COMIA

December 2022
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Accountancy, Business, Economics and
International Hospitality Management
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City

I. THE PROBLEM

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

As the world steadily advances, teenagers are seeing societal changes. Some of
these changes are favorable, while others are detrimental. One's degree of awareness
has a significant impact on one's capacity to adjust to global developments. The
importance of sex education for young people will become clear as we have a better
understanding of who we are and what we are capable of. It is crucial to raise
adolescents’ understanding of sex, sexuality, and the growth of our bodies while
reducing the danger of unprotected sexual activity and boosting their understanding of
family planning in order to more effectively address issues like teenage pregnancy,
overpopulation, and STDs in the Philippines. The Philippines made progress on this
issue by enacting the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act, which
requires sex education to be included in the curricula for students aged 10 to 19. By
implementing it to be taught to young people in public schools, the government hopes to
spread knowledge by offering contraceptives, orientation at health centers, and other
services. 

The COVID-19 pandemic will result in an increase in unwanted births in 2020,

including 2.5 million teenage pregnancies, up from 42% in 2019.Teenage pregnancy
and unexpected pregnancies are the greatest worrying issues confronting women
today, per a 2019 report by the Commission on Population and Development
(POPCOM). Since the government frequently does nothing to address this issue, the
nation's poverty rate rises even further. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority,
the rate of adolescents aged fifteen and under increased by 7% in 2019 compared to
2018. Teenage pregnancy has become the most serious issue, prompting the National
Economic and Development Authority to declare a "national social emergency" in 2019,
as the rate of teenage pregnancy continues to rise in the country, with no clear solution
in sight from the government or citizens.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Accountancy, Business, Economics and
International Hospitality Management
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to know the effectiveness of sex education in reducing

teenage pregnancy.

 Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents as to;

1.1 Name;

1.2 Age; and

1.3 Civil status;

2.  Why is sex education important for teenagers?

3. What are the common problems that cause teenage pregnancy?

4. What solutions can be done to help in reducing teenage pregnancy?

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Accountancy, Business, Economics and
International Hospitality Management
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

For a better and more precise comprehension of the research, the

researchers discussed several relevant studies and literature reviews. This chapter
introduces the literature review supporting effectiveness of sex education in reducing
teenage pregnancy and other relevant research studies that formed the foundation
of the conceptualization of the study. 

The use of contraception among sexually active teens has been shown to rise
as a result of balanced and realistic sex education programs that urge students to
put off having sex until they are older and support safer sex practices among those
who choose to be sexually active. These programs have not been shown to initiate
early sexual activity or to increase levels of sexual activity or numbers of sexual
partners among sexually active youth (Kirby, 2007; Kohler et al., 2008).

In accordance with Frost and Forrest (1995), sex education that is

responsible and medically accurate, begins in kindergarten, and continues in an
age-appropriate manner through the 12th grade is necessary given the early ages at
which young people are initiating intercourse — 6.2 percent of students nationwide
report having sex before the age of 13, 43.8 percent by grade 10, and 63.1 percent
by grade 12 (CDC, 2012). In fact, the most successful programs aimed at reducing
teenage pregnancy are those targeting younger adolescents who are not yet
sexually experienced.

In Germany, where sex education is comprehensive and targeted to meet the

reading and developmental needs of the students, the teenage birth rate is three and
a half times times lower than that of the U.S.; its teenage abortion rate is about four
and a half times lower; and its HIV prevalence rate is three and a half times lower
(Destatis, 2014; Kost & Henshaw, 2014; UNAIDS, n.d.; United Nations, 2013).

In reliance with Dunn (1982), growing lack of parental and public support of
so-called sex education programs is easy to understand when reproductive
physiology and pregnancy prevention become the instructional core and basis of
such programs. Additionally, when the goal is on the reduction of teenage
pregnancy, the instruction in sex education programs is limited almost exclusively to
junior and senior high school students (Dunn, 1982).
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Accountancy, Business, Economics and
International Hospitality Management
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City

III. METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides a complete overview of the respondents of the study,

data to be collected, data gathering instrument and statistical treatment of data
used. These elements are critical in allowing researchers to correctly evaluate
and understand the data gathered and fairly present the results. 

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted among teenage parents in Ton Proper,

Batangas City. There are a total of 50 populations of teenage parents who will
answer the questionnaire.

DATA TO BE COLLECTED

The researchers would collect quantitative data in a form of rating in the

questionnaire. The data will be collected from 50 teenage parents in Town
Proper, Batangas City. They are considered as the respondents of this study.
Consequently, due to the huge population, the researchers will utilize purposive
sampling technique to determine the sample size to gather the data needed in
the study.

In accordance with Foley, B. (2018), purposive sampling, a sampling

technique used, relies on the researchers' judgment when selecting people of the
population to take part in their research. Non-probability sampling is often
referred to as subjective, judgmental, or selective sampling. In order to select and
approach suitable individuals, researchers must first have a clear understanding
of the goal of their work.

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

The researchers will use validated survey questionnaires as the primary

data gathering instrument to analyze the effectiveness of sex education in
reducing teenage pregnancy. The questionnaire will be a factor for the
convenience of use and efficiency in obtaining information required to complete
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Accountancy, Business, Economics and
International Hospitality Management
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City

this study. The researchers will also perform an informal interview to learn about
the challenges they individually face regarding sex education. 

Scoring of Responses. 

The items of the questionnaire will be based on the Likert Scale with 4 as
the highest value and 1 as the lowest value. Each option has a corresponding
verbal description.

Scal Verbal
Range
e Interpretation
4 3.50 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.50 – 3.49 Agree
2 1.50 – 2.49 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA USED

Ranking. The ranking is a question response format that is used in

establishing priority among a set of data in the study. The researchers will use 4,
3, 2, 1 to show the item if it is highly enumerated in the tables and will be used in
determining the most significant statement for the respondents down to the least
significant statement.

Frequency. The frequency is a measure of the number of occurrences of

scores to organize and summarize the survey data gathered in a tabular format.
In this study, it will be used in tabulating the data in the responses to show its
actual distribution to the respondents. Additionally, this will be used to distinguish
how often the statements will be mentioned.

Weighted Mean. The weight of a certain set of scores is multiplied to

determine the weighted mean. In this study, it will be used in determining the
effectiveness of sex education in reducing teenage pregnancy in Batangas City.
The researchers will investigate and determine the average extent of their
response with the use of weighted means.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Accountancy, Business, Economics and
International Hospitality Management
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City

IV. DISCUSSION OF HOW PROJECT PROPOSAL CAN ADDRESS THE

IDENTIFIED PROBLEM/ SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT PROPOSAL

Nowadays, adolescents have lack of understanding and awareness of sexuality

and sexual health. These result in teen pregnancies at an early age and the spread of
STDs. The researchers will therefore hold various seminars for teenagers among the
ages of 12 and 19 in an effort to spread awareness and teach them what they should do
to avoid various incidents. Researchers will provide for the contraceptives that will be
given to young people aged 15 to 19 in Town Proper Batangas City. They will learn from
researchers how to use it properly, where to find the outlets for contraceptives, and why
having safe sex is important. Five schools in Town Proper Batangas City and two
barangays will host the three-day event. There will be seminars for parents where we
will teach them how to better guide their kids in this area because it merits attention for
this generation. Along with continuing to regularly distribute contraceptives like
condoms, pills, and birth control in the community, we will also try to approach the local
government about holding an annual seminar to continue this type of event that will
educate the youth because it is for their benefits.

The absence of complete sex education in the nation is characterized by

excellent instruction and learning on a wide variety of sexuality and sex-related topics,
including appropriate conversation in managing interactions and controlling one's sexual
health. The purpose of this study is to develop the sexual knowledge and behavior of
adolescents. The seminars that we will be holding will guide them to protect themselves
and make the right decisions related to their sexual life. They will be able to express
their feelings toward this matter since most teenagers are uncomfortable discussing
their sexual life. This will benefit everyone, especially teenagers, who will become more
aware of the realities of life. It will also enhance both their understanding of sexual
behavior and their attitudes toward it.
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Accountancy, Business, Economics and
International Hospitality Management
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City

V. REFERENCES 

Comprehensive Sexuality Education. (n.d.). Comprehensive Sexuality Education

| ACOG. From https://www.acog.org/en/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-
opinion/articles/2016/11/comprehensive-sexuality-education

Guerra, A. L., & Beltran, C. C. (2016, March 17). Effectiveness of Abstinence-

Only Education and Comprehensive Sexual Education in Reducing Teenage
Pregnancy in the U.S. Effectiveness of Abstinence-Only Education and
Comprehensive Sexual Education in Reducing Teenage Pregnancy in the U.S.
From https://sigma.nursingrepository.org/handle/10755/601815

Anderson, L. (2022, January 2). Georgetown Law Library: US Women’s Civil

Rights. American Journalism, 39(1), 105–107.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2022.2025528

Rahman, M. (2021, June 15).

https://bbrc.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/BBRC_Vol_14_No_05_Special-
Issue_42.pdf. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 14(5), 242–
244. https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.5/43

Donkor, A. K., & Lariba, A. L. (2017, November 27). The impact of sex education
on teenage pregnancy in basic schools of Bawku municipal district in Ghana.
JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 3(3), 214–221.
https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v3i3.4915

Bonsteel, S. (2012, July 1). APA PsycNET. The Charleston Advisor, 14(1), 16–
19. https://doi.org/10.5260/chara.14.1.16

Positive Impact of Sex Education | Synonym. (2018, June 21). Positive Impact of
Sex Education - Synonym. From https://classroom.synonym.com/positive-impact-
sex-education-3959.htm