Zohdi 100

ZUHDY,S MCQS IN ENT
BY DR. MOHAMMED ATIAA KAREEM ALNASHY

1. Frankfurt plane is:

A. A line drawn from the top of the tragus to the infraorbital rim
B. A line drawn from the outer canthus of the eye to the pinna
C. It is skull base line
D. It is a line drawn between the tragus to the angle of the mandible
2. Tilley Lichwitz trocar and cannula is used to:

A. Treat allergic rhinitis.
B. To do antral lavage.
C. To treat exophthalmos.
D. To treat orbital complications.
3. Which is not true regarding submucosal diathermy?

A. It is used to reduce the bulk of the turbinates
B. It is used to treat nasal allergy
C. It is used to treat atrophic rhinitis
D. Its maximal effect occurs at the level of erectile tissue
4. Proetz position is used to

A. Anaesthetise the ear
B. Anaesthetise the nose
C. To remove foreign body from cricopharynx
D. Anaesthetise throat
5. Metzenbaum operation is used to:

A. Treat otosclerosis
B. Treat CSF rhinorrhoea
C. Treat deviated nasal septum
D. Treat CSF otorrhoea.
6. Ringert's tumor is:

A. Inverted papilloma of nose
B. JNA
C. Nasal polyp
D. Squamous cell carcinoma
1
7. Management of nasal furuncle is all except:

A. Antibiotics
B. Squeezing the furuncle
C. Antiinflammatory drugs
D. Local antibiotic cream application.
8. Nasal resistance of an adult is:

A. 0.15 to 0.30 Pa/cm3/S
B. 0.50 to 1 Pa/cm3/S
C. 12 to 15 Pa/cm3/S
D. 20 to 40 Pa/cm3/S.
9. Nasalance is used to:

A. Measure nasal resistance
B. For voice assessment
C. To measure olfaction
D. To measure turbinate size.
10. Inside the maxillary sinus mucous transport takes the shape of:
A. Oval pattern
B. Squarish pattern
C. Circular pattern
D. Stellate pattern.
11. The features of Young's syndrome are all except:

A. Azoospermia
B. Sinusitis
C. Bronchiectasis
D. Cilia are abnormal
12. Features of rhinitis sicca are all except:

A. It is dry rhinitis
B. Epistaxis is common
C. Crusts extend to postnasal space
D. Ulcers in the septum are common.
2
13. Rhinoscleroma is caused by:

A. Streptococci
B. Staphylococci
C. Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
D. Proteus vulgaris
14. Tuberculosis affect which portion of nasal septum:

A. Bony portion
B. Both cartilaginous and bony
C. Cartilaginous
D. It never affects the nasal septum
15. Syphilis affects which portion of nasal septum:

A. Cartilaginous portion
B. Bony portion
C. Both cartilaginous and bony portion
D. The columella
16. Pathophysiology of nasal polypi are all except?

A. Mucosal reactions
B. Poor blood supply
C. Complex anatomy
D. Poor ventilation
17. Killian's polyp is:

A. Ethmoidal polypi
B. Antrochoanal polyp
C. Malignant polyp
D. Rhinosporidial polyp.
18. Gray's struts are used to:

A. Repair fractured nasal bone.
B. To diagnose septal deviations in newborn.
C. To elevate fractured nasal septum.
D. To treat fractures of middle 1/3 of face.
3
19. The incision used for septoplasty is:

A. Killian's incision.
B. Freer's incision.
C. Fly bird incision.
D. Woodridge incision.
20. Blood supply to inferior meatus is:

A. Anterior ethmoidal artery.
B. Posterior ethmoidal artery.
C. Lateral sphenopalatine artery.
D. Lingual artery.
21. Nasal endoscopy was first done by:

A. Stamberger
B. Keeler
C. Freer.
D. Hirschmann.
22. Moffat's solution is used to:

A. Remove crusts from the nose.
B. To anesthetise the nose.
C. To treat epistaxis.
D. To lubricate the nose.
23. Mosher's cell is otherwise known as:

A. Bulla ethmoidalis.
B. Infraorbital air cell.
C. Agger nasi air cell.
D. Posterior ethmoid cell.
24. Absolute indication of inferior meatal antrostomy is:

A. Acute maxillary sinusitis.
B. Antrochoanal polyp.
C. Maxillary sinusitis due to cystic fibrosis.
D. Dentigerous cyst.
4
25. Which is not a constituent of moffat's solution:

A. Soda bicarb.
B. Cocaine.
C. Adrenaline.
D. Liquid paraffin.
26. Veins of Breschet are:

A. Other name for retrocolummelar vein.
B. Facial vein.
C. Diploic veins of frontal bone.
D. Anterior ethmoidal vein.
27. Forced duction test is done to:

A. To determine whether the orbital contents have herniated.
B. Identify paralysis of medial rectus muscle.
C. Identify paralysis of lateral rectus.
D. Identify minimal proptosis.
28. Which of the following is an independent bone?

A. Superior turbinate.
B. Middle turbinate.
C. Inferior turbinate.
D. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid.
29. Nasal septum is made up of all of the following except:

A. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid.
B. Vomer.
C. Septal cartilage.
D. Cribriform plate.
30. Major contribution to Kisselbach's plexus is from:

A. Anterior ethmoidal.
B. Posterior ethmoidal.
C. Sphenopalatine.
D. Greater palatine.
5
31. Most prominent structure in anterior rhinoscopy is:

A. Inferior turbinate.
B. Middle turbinate.
C. Superior turbinate.
D. Middle meatus.
32. Stream of inspired air travels in the nose:

A. Straight from anterior nose to choana.
B. In a high parabolic curve.
C. In a numerous eddies.
D. Along the floor.
33. Vidian nerve is formed by:

A. Greater superficial petrosal nerve & deep petrosal nerve.
B. Chorda tympani
C. Sphenopalatine nerve.
D. Deep petrosal & lesser petrosal nerve.
34. The teeth in relation to the maxillary sinus are:

A. Canine and premolar.
B. I premolar & II premolar.
C. II premolar and I & II molar
D. I, II and III molar.
35. Nasolacrimal duct is formed from:

A. Olfactory placode.
B. Maxillary process.
C. Ectoderm at the junction of maxillary and lateral nasal process.
D. Lateral nasal process.
36. Olfactory cells are situated in:

A. Middle third of nasal cavity.
B. Lower third of nasal cavity.
C. Anterior cranial fossa.
D. Upper third of nasal cavity.
6
37. Olfactory cells responsible for olfaction is:

A. Sustentacular cells.
B. Bowman cells.
C. Bipolar neuron cells.
D. Basal cell layer.
38. Which of the following drain into the superior meatus?

A. Frontal sinus.
B. Middle ethmoids.
C. Maxillary sinus.
D. Posterior ethmoid.
39. Nose develops from:

A. Median frontonasal process.
B. Two lateral frontonasal process.
C. Olfactory placodes.
D. All of the above.
40. Commonest organism involved in osteomyelitis of frontal bone is:

A. Staph. aureus.
B. Streptococcus.
C. Anaerobes.
D. Pneumococci.
41. Commonest malignant tumor of paranasal sinuses is:

A. Adenocarcinoma.
B. Squamous cell carcinoma.
C. Transitional cell carcinoma.
D. Anaplastic carcinoma.
42. Pott's puffy tumor refers to:

A. Frontal sinus mucocele.
B. Osteomyelitis of frontal bone.
C. Antrochoanal polyp.
D. Retroorbital tumors.
7
43. Antrochoanal polyp is:

A. Usually bilateral.
B. Arises from maxillary sinuses.
C. Better seen in anterior rhinoscopy.
D. Has all the above features.
44. Commonest primary for occult metastasis is:

A. From carcinoma tonsil.
B. From carcinoma tongue.
C. From carcinoma nasopharynx.
D. From carcinoma thyroid.
45. Alternative to SMR surgery to treat deviated nasal septum is:

A. Submucosal diathermy.
B. Septal dermoplasty.
C. Septoplasty.
D. Rhinoplasty.
46. The most frequent cause for septal perforation is:

A. Congenital.
B. Operative trauma.
C. Tuberculosis.
D. Leprosy.
47. Antrochoanal polyp always arise from:

A. Maxillary sinus.
B. Ethmoidal sinus.
C. Sphenoid sinus.
D. Posterior ethmoid sinus.
48. Commonly injured nerve in fracture maxilla is:

A. Supra orbital nerve.
B. Infra orbital nerve.
C. Anterior ethmoidal nerve.
D. Sphenopalatine nerve.
8
49. The most frequent cause of nasal allergy is:

A. House dust mite.
B. Smoke.
C. Synthetic materials.
D. Insecticides.
50. Commonest manifestation of allergy in nose is:

A. Vasomotor rhinitis.
B. Allergic polyp.
C. Allergic rhinitis.
D. Oedema of larynx.
51. JNA usually arise from:

A. Lateral wall of nasopharynx.
B. Roof of nasopharynx.
C. Sphenopalatine foramen.
D. Middle meatus of the nose.
52. Commonest source of epistaxis is:

A. Inferior turbinate.
B. Middle meatus.
C. Roof of nasal cavity.
D. Antero inferior part of nasal septum.
53. Trotter's triad is found in:

A. JNA.
B. Epistaxis.
C. Laryngeal carcinoma.
D. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
54. Prolonged use of oxymetazoline nasal drops cause:

A. Allergic rhinitis.
B. Vasomotor rhinitis.
C. Rebound phenomenon.
D. Rhinitis sicca.
9
55. Following SMR surgery there is:

A. Regeneration of cartilage only.
B. Regeneration of bone only.
C. Regeneration of both bone and cartilage.
D. Dense fibrous tissue replaces both bone and cartilage.
56. The commonest symptom of atrophic rhinitis is:

A. Anosmia.
B. Nasal obstruction.
C. Epistaxis.
D. Cacosmia.
57. Epistaxis due to Osler’s disease is best managed by:

A. External carotid ligation.
B. Internal carotid ligation.
C. Septal dermoplasty.
D. Anterior ethmoidal artery clipping.
58. The commonest cause of oroantral fistula is:

A. Maxillary sinusitis.
B. Odontogenic cyst.
C. Carcinoma.
D. Dental extraction.
59. Velopharyngeal incompetence is seen best by:

A. Posterior rhinoscopy.
B. Dye study.
C. Cineflurography.
D. Nasal airflow measurement.
60. The commonest presentation of cancer nasopharynx is:

A. Cervical.
B. Aural.
C. Nasal.
D. Neurological.
10
61. Incidence of nodal metastasis in carcinoma maxilla is:

A. 60%.
B. 20-40%.
C. 40-60%.
D. Below 20%.
62. Disorder of smell is often associated with all except:

A. Turner's syndrome.
B. Kallmann syndrome.
C. Osler Rendu syndrome.
D. Atrophic rhinitis.
63. Treatment of lethal midline granuloma is:

A. Streptomycin.
B. Steroids & chemotherapy.
C. Radiation therapy.
D. Antibiotics.
64. In hypertensive patients with recurrent epistaxis the treatment is:

A. Nasal packing.
B. Ligation of anterior ethmoidal artery.
C. Trotter's treatment.
D. Sedation & rest.
65. Unilateral foul smelling discharge in a child is due to:

A. Nasal diphtheria.
B. Sinusitis.
C. Choanal atresia.
D. Old foreign body in the nose.
66. Recurrence of rhinosporidiosis after surgery is commonly due to:

A. Remnant spores.
B. Due to multiple site involvement.
C. Incomplete removal.
D. Excessive bleeding.
11
67. Frontal sinus is seen well in the following X-rays except:

A. Water's view.
B. Caldwell view.
C. Lateral view.
D. Submentovertical view.
68. The commonest cause of epistaxis in elderly is:

A. Trauma.
B. Sinusitis.
C. Inflammation.
D. Hypertension.
69. The commonest cause of epistaxis in children is:

A. Nose picking.
B. Adenoids.
C. Infection.
D. Nasal polyp.
70. Russel bodies are found in:

A. Rhinosporidiosis.
B. Sarcoidosis.
C. Rhinoscleroma.
D. Papillary carcinoma thyroid.
71. Positive Kvim's test is a feature of:

A. Tuberculosis.
B. Syphilis.
C. Sarcoidosis.
D. S.L.E.
72. Best results are obtained in a case of cancer maxilla is by:

A. Irradiation.
B. Surgery.
C. Combined radiotherapy & surgery.
D. Chemotherapy.
12
73. Following are all tumors of nose except:

A. Inverted papilloma.
B. Neuroblastoma.
C. Bleeding septal polyp.
D. Pott's puffy tumor.
74. Functions of paranasal sinuses are:

A. Air conditioning.
B. Olfaction.
C. Protecting the nasal airway.
D. Communicates with brain.
75. Which of the following is dangerous to life?

A. Complete bilateral choanal atresia.
B. Incomplete unilateral choanal atresia.
C. Incomplete bilateral choanal atresia.
D. Complete unilateral choanal atresia.
76. Ohngren's line is useful in:

A. Diagnosis of fracture middle third of face.
B. Locating the sphenoid sinus ostium.
C. Fracture of mandible.
D. Assessing prognosis of carcinoma maxilla.
77. Which of the following causes external nasal deformity?

A. Erysipelas.
B. Impetigo.
C. Lupus erythematosis.
D. Acne rosacea
78. Common cold is caused by:

A. Adenovirus.
B. Rhinovirus.
C. Rhinovirus.
D. Coxakie virus.
13
79. Which of the following is not a true neoplasm of the nose?

A. Papilloma.
B. Osteoma.
C. Angioma.
D. Rhinophyma.
80. Lefort's classification is used for:

A. Fracture of the mandible.
B. Fracture frontal bone.
C. Fracture maxilla.
D. Fracture of petrous bone.
81. Commonest congenital tumor of nose is:

A. Glioma.
B. Dermoid.
C. Nevus.
D. Encephalocele.
82. Nasopharynx is not examined by:

A. Posterior rhinoscopy.
B. Nasopharyngoscopy.
C. Digital palpation.
D. Transillumination.
83. Cavernous sinus contains all of the following except:

A. Oculomotor nerve.
B. Internal carotid artery.
C. Trigeminal nerve.
D. Optic nerve.
84. The most reliable biochemical investigation to identify CSF rhinorrhoea is:
A. Glucose estimation in the nasal secretions.
B. Estimation of Beta 2 transferrin in nasal secretions.
C. Cell count from nasal secretions.
D. Concentration of sodium in nasal secretions.
14
85. Septal turbinate is:

A. Medialised middle turbinate.
B. Medialised uncinate process.
C. Medialised inferior turbinate.
D. Engorged vascular nasal mucosa present in the nasal septum.
86. Woodruff's plexus is:

A. Collection of blood vessels in the Little's area of nose.
B. Collection of blood vessels around the middle turbinate.
C. Collection of blood vessels in the lateral wall of inferior meatus posteriorly.
D. Collection of blood vessels over the roof of the nasal cavity.
87. JNA commonly originates from:

A. Nasal septum.
B. Nasopharynx.
C. Sphenopalatine foramen.
D. Nasopalatine canal
88. Panda facies is caused by fracture to:

A. Petrous temporal bone.
B. Nasal bone.
C. Fracture middle 1/3 of face.
D. Fracture mandible.
89. The American Sleep association grading of sleep apnoea as severe:

A. When the patient has 5-10 apnoeic spells / hour.
B. When the patient has less than 5 apnoeic spells / hour.
C. When the patient has more than 40 apnoeic spells / hour.
D. When the patient has 15 apnoeic spells / hour.
90. Central sleep apnoea is seen in patients with:

A. Palatal injury.
B. Fracture mandible.
C. Fracture maxilla.
D. Brain stem lesions.
15
91. The Apnoeic index is defined as:

A. The number of days patient has sleep apnoea.
B. Number of days patient has sleep apnoea in a month.
C. Number of days patient has sleep apnoea during a calender year.
D. Number of apnoeas per hour of sleep.
92. Lateral sinus is present:

A. In front of Bulla ethmoidalis.
B. Behind the Bulla ethmoidalis.
C. In front of agger nasi cell.
D. In front of sphenoid sinus.
93. Jansen Horgan procedure is:

A. Caldwell Luc procedure.
B. A combination of external ethmoidectomy with Caldwell Luc procedure.
C. Inferior meatal antrostomy.
D. Middle meatal antrostomy.
94. Patterson's operation is:

A. Uncinectomy.
B. Transnasal ethmoidectomy.
C. Transantral ethmoidectomy.
D. Transorbital ethmoidectomy.
95. Toxic shock syndrome is caused by:

A. Enterotoxin producing staphylococcus aureus infections.
B. Streptococcus infections.
C. Gonococcal infections.
D. E coli infections.
96. Antrochoanal polyps are:

A. Grape shaped.
B. Pear shaped.
C. Dumb bell shaped.
D. Spherical in shape.
16
97. In middle meatal antrostomy the maxillary sinus ostium is ideally enlarged:
A. Posteriorly.
B. Superiorly.
C. Anteroinferiorly.
D. Posterosuperiorly.
98. Proetz theory for pathogenesis of antrochoanal polyp states:

A. It is caused due to infections.
B. It is caused due to allergy.
C. It is caused by a faulty development of maxillary sinus ostium.
D. It is caused due to lack of ciliary motility.
99. Concha bullosa of middle turbinate is:

A. Hypoplastic middle turbinate.
B. Presence of a large air cell within the middle turbinate.
C. Paradoxical middle turbinate.
D. Inflamed middle turbinate.
100. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is caused by:

A. Epstein-Barr virus
B. Papilloma virus.
C. HIV virus.
D. Streptococci.
17
Answers
1. The answer is A.
2. The answer is to do antral lavage.
3. The answer is C. It will worsen atrophic rhinitis
4. The answer is anaesthetise the nose. The patient's head is made to hang down
from the head end of the table so that the nose assumes a dependent position.
The anaesthetic solution is a mixture of 4% xylocaine mixed with 1 in 10000
adrenaline. Half ml of solution is instilled into each nose and that nose is
turned to the opposite side so that the solution comes into contact with the
lateral wall of the nose. The position is maintained for 1 full minute.
5. The correct answer is This operation is used to treat deviated nasal septum.
This surgery is also known as swing door operation.
6. The correct answer is inverted papilloma.
7. The correct answer is B. squeezing the furuncle will cause dissemination of
infection to the cavernous sinus.
8. The correct answer is A
9. The correct answer is A
10. The correct answer is Stellate pattern
11. The answer is D. The cilia are normal in young's syndrome.
12. The correct answer is crusts do not extend to the postnasal space
13. The answer is Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
14. The correct answer is It affects the cartilaginous portion of the nasal septum
15. The answer is bony portion
16. The answer is D
17. The answer is antrochoanal polyp.
18. The correct answer is It is used to diagnose septal deviations in newborn.
19. The answer is Freer's incision.
20. The answer is lateral sphenopalatine artery.
21. The answer is D.
18
22. The answer is to anesthetise the nose. It is a mixture of 6% cocaine 2ml.

Adrenaline 1:1000 1ml. Soda bicarb 2ml. Cotton pledgets soaked in this
solution are used to pack the nose.
23. The answer is agger nasi cell.
24. The correct answer is Maxillary sinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis is
dependent on gravity for its drainage because the mucociliary clearance is
abnormal or nonexistent.
25. The answer is liquid paraffin.
26. -The answer is diploic veins of frontal bone.
27. -The answer is to determine whether the orbital contents have herniated. It is
positive in blow out fractures of orbit.
28. -The answer is inferior turbinate. The other bones are components of the
ethmoid complex.
29. -The answer is cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.
30. -The answer is sphenopalatine artery.
31. -The correct answer is inferior turbinate.
32. -The answer is in a high parabolic curve.
33. -The answer is A.
34. -The correct answer is C.
35. -The answer is C.
36. -The answer is upper third of the nasal cavity.
37. -The answer is bipolar neuron cell.
38. -The answer is posterior ethmoids.
39. -The answer is D.
41. -The answer is B.
44. The answer is carcinoma nasopharynx.
46. -The answer is operative trauma.
47. -The correct answer is maxillary sinus.
19
48. -The answer is infra orbital nerve.

49. -The answer is house dust mite known as Dermatophagoites pteronissinus.
50. -The answer is allergic rhinitis.
51. -The correct answer is sphenopalatine foramen.
53. -The answer is nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The Trotter triad consists of
decreased hearing, mandibular pain, and impaired soft palate mobility.
54. -The answer is rebound phenomenon.
56. -The answer is anosmia.
57. -The answer is septal dermoplasty.
58. -The answer is odontogenic cyst.
60. -The answer is cervical.
61. The answer is D.
62. -The answer is Osler Rendu syndrome.
63. -The answer is steroids and chemotherapy.
64. -The answer is sedation & rest.
66. -The answer is incomplete removal.
68. -The answer is hypertension.
69. -The answer is nose picking.
70. -The answer is rhinoscleroma.
71. -The answer is sarcoidosis.
73. -The answer is Pott's puffy tumor.
77. -The answer is lupus erythematosis.
20
78. -The answer is rhinovirus.

80. -The answer is fracture of maxilla.
81. -The answer is glioma.
82. -The answer is transillumination.
83. -The answer is optic nerve.
84. -The answer is Estimation of Beta 2 transferrin in nasal secretions.
85. -The answer is Engorged vascular nasal mucosa present in the nasal septum.
86. -The answer is Collection of blood vessels in the lateral wall of inferior
meatus posteriorly.
87. -The answer is Sphenopalatine foramen.
88. -The answer is fracture middle third of face.
89. -The answer is When the patient has more than 40 apnoeic spells / hour.
90. -The answer is Brain stem lesions.
91. -The answer is Number of apnoeas per hour of sleep.
92. -The answer is Behind the Bulla ethmoidalis.
93. -The answer is A combination of external ethmoidectomy with Caldwell Luc
procedure.
94. -The answer is Transorbital ethmoidectomy.
95. -The answer is Enterotoxin producing staphylococcus aureus infections.
96. -The answer is dumb bell shaped.
97. -The answer is Antero inferiorly.
98. -The answer is It is caused by a faulty development of maxillary sinus
ostium.
99. The answer is Presence of a large air cell within the middle turbinate.
100. -The answer is Epstein-Barr virus
‫الحمد هلل رب العالمين‬
21

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ZUHDY,S MCQS IN ENT

BY DR. MOHAMMED ATIAA KAREEM ALNASHY

1. Frankfurt plane is:

2. Tilley Lichwitz trocar and cannula is used to:

3. Which is not true regarding submucosal diathermy?

4. Proetz position is used to

5. Metzenbaum operation is used to:

6. Ringert's tumor is:

7. Management of nasal furuncle is all except:

8. Nasal resistance of an adult is:

9. Nasalance is used to:

11. The features of Young's syndrome are all except:

12. Features of rhinitis sicca are all except:

13. Rhinoscleroma is caused by:

14. Tuberculosis affect which portion of nasal septum:

15. Syphilis affects which portion of nasal septum:

16. Pathophysiology of nasal polypi are all except?

17. Killian's polyp is:

18. Gray's struts are used to:

19. The incision used for septoplasty is:

20. Blood supply to inferior meatus is:

21. Nasal endoscopy was first done by:

22. Moffat's solution is used to:

23. Mosher's cell is otherwise known as:

24. Absolute indication of inferior meatal antrostomy is:

25. Which is not a constituent of moffat's solution:

26. Veins of Breschet are:

27. Forced duction test is done to:

28. Which of the following is an independent bone?

29. Nasal septum is made up of all of the following except:

30. Major contribution to Kisselbach's plexus is from:

31. Most prominent structure in anterior rhinoscopy is:

32. Stream of inspired air travels in the nose:

33. Vidian nerve is formed by:

34. The teeth in relation to the maxillary sinus are:

35. Nasolacrimal duct is formed from:

36. Olfactory cells are situated in:

37. Olfactory cells responsible for olfaction is:

38. Which of the following drain into the superior meatus?

39. Nose develops from:

40. Commonest organism involved in osteomyelitis of frontal bone is:

41. Commonest malignant tumor of paranasal sinuses is:

42. Pott's puffy tumor refers to:

43. Antrochoanal polyp is:

44. Commonest primary for occult metastasis is:

45. Alternative to SMR surgery to treat deviated nasal septum is:

46. The most frequent cause for septal perforation is:

47. Antrochoanal polyp always arise from:

48. Commonly injured nerve in fracture maxilla is:

49. The most frequent cause of nasal allergy is:

50. Commonest manifestation of allergy in nose is:

51. JNA usually arise from:

52. Commonest source of epistaxis is:

53. Trotter's triad is found in:

54. Prolonged use of oxymetazoline nasal drops cause:

55. Following SMR surgery there is:

56. The commonest symptom of atrophic rhinitis is:

57. Epistaxis due to Osler’s disease is best managed by:

58. The commonest cause of oroantral fistula is:

59. Velopharyngeal incompetence is seen best by:

60. The commonest presentation of cancer nasopharynx is:

61. Incidence of nodal metastasis in carcinoma maxilla is:

62. Disorder of smell is often associated with all except: