ART APPRECIATION
FINALS BSN2N
MEDIUMS IN PAINTING
What is a medium?
• In essence, every category of artwork is its own
medium. In art, "medium" refers to the substance
the artist uses to create a piece of artwork.
• The word medium is also used when referring to
the substance which binds a pigment to create a
paint.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIUM IN PAINTING
1. Oil - it is the type of slow-drying paint that
consists of particles of pigment suspended in
drying oils such as linseed oil, poppy seed oil,
safflower oil, and walnut oil.
2. Pastel - It is an art medium in the shape of a stick
or crayons, It consists of a pure powdered color
and a binder. Dry pastels can be as soft pastels,
pan pastels, hard pastels, and pastel pencils.
3. Acrylic - It is fast drying paint containing pigment
suspension in acrylic polymer emulsion which
becomes water-resistant when dry.
4. Watercolor - It is the medium in which the paints
are made of colors suspended in a water-soluble
vehicle. It is usually transparent and appears
luminous because the pigments are laid down in a
relatively pure form with few types of filler
obscuring the pigment colors.
5. Ink - It is a liquid that contains colors and dyes and
is applied to a surface to produce an image, text, or
design. It is for drawing with a brush or pen.
6. Encaustic - It is heated beeswax to which colored
stains are added. The paste is applied to a wood-
based canvas.
7. Fresco - It comes from the Italian word affresco,
which means "fresh." It also refers to any of
several related mural painting types, executed on
walls, ceilings, or any other kind of flat surface.
8. Gouache - It is a water-based paint consisting of
pigment and other materials designed in an opaque
painting technique.
9. Enamel - It is a paint that air dries to a durable,
usually glossy and reliable finish. It is used for
outdoor coating surfaces or otherwise subject to
variations in temperature.
10. Spray paint - It is the type of paint that comes in a
sealed pressurized battle and released in a fine
spray.
11. Tempera - It is a permanent, fast-drying painting
medium consisting of colored pigment mixed with a
water-soluble binder method.
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CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTING STYLES
1. Abstraction
• It is an art in painting that does not
attempt to represent an accurate
depiction of a visual reality but instead
uses colors, forms, shapes, and gestural
marks to achieve its effect.
• It may be formed by reducing the
observable phenomenon, typically to
retain only information which is relevant
for a particular purpose.
2. Expressionism
• It is sometimes called emotional realism.
In this style, the artist sought to
express meaning or emotional
experience rather than physical truth.
3. Baroque
• It is characterized by
• dynamism (a sense of motion), which is
augmented by extravagant effects (e.g.,
sharp curves, rich decoration). Among
the most significant Baroque painters
are Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, and
Rembrandt, Velazquez, Vermeer.
4. Impressionism
• It is a type of art presenting the real-
life subject with emphasis on the
impression left in the artist's perception,
particularly the effect of light on the
object used as a subject.
5. Modernism
• It is characterized by a cautious
rejection of the styles of the past and
emphasizing innovation and
experimentation of materials and
techniques instead to create better
artworks.
MODERN STYLES OF PAINTING
1. Realism
• It is a style of painting practiced before
invention of the camera, where artists
represented landscapes and humans
with much attention to detail and
precision as possible. The artist's
primary goal is to describe accurately
and truthfully as possible what is
observed.
 2. Symbolism
• It is an art that represents the subject of symbolically.
For instance, the "Dalagang Bukid" painting of Fernando
Amorsolo (1892-1972) depicts the life of women in rural
areas. The clay jar that the young lady is holding, a
vessel for carrying water, is seen as a symbol of
fragility and innocence.
3. Fauvism
• It refers to art that used brilliant primary colors
or color illumination on subjects like pictures to
emphasize comfort, joy, and leisure. It comes
from the French word fauves, meaning "wild
beats" )this name refers to a small group of
painters in Paris who exhibited works notable for
the bold and expressive use of pure color)
4. Cubism
• It is a form of abstraction wherein the object is
first reduced to cubes and then flattened
dimensional into two- shapes. It has been
considered the most influential and powerful art
movement during the 20th century in Paris
established by Georges Braque (1882- 1963) and
Pablo Picasso.
5. Surrealism
• It is a type of art wherein the artist creates
dreamlike paintings that filled with mysterious
objects. It is the opposite of abstraction that
attempts to portray the conscious mind through
unconventional means.
BASIC SCULPTURE TERMS
1. Armature - it is a skeleton- ;like framework used
to support the building of paper mâché, usually
made of stiff wire.
2. Base - It is the portion of the work on which the
sculpture rest.
3. Craftmanship - It is a skill with which one uses
tools and materials in producing art.
4. Plaster of Paris - It is a fine white powder that
sets hard when mixed in the water.
5. Freestanding - It refers to a method when a
sculpture is intended to view from all sides.
6. Manipulation - It is a process of shaping an object
by a skilled worker.
7. Replica - It refers to the precise reproduction of
an artwork.
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SCULPTURE
ORIGIN OF SCULPTURE
• It is from the Latin word “sculpere”,
which means to carve.
• It engages our sense differently than
paintings because it occupies space as
3-dimensional mass thru carving,
casting, modeling, or assembling
materials.
• The sculpture has long been one of the
most popular forms of fine arts and one
of the most beautiful representations of
humankind
• It is used also to represent societal
concerns such as morality, politics and
religion.
IMPORTANCE OF SCULPTURE
• The sculpture is perceptive-regeneration
of reality thru the use of 3-dimensional
form.
• As a specialized work of art , its
objective is to exemplify a concept by
forming a visual equivalent.
TYPES OF SCULPTURE
1. Bust
• A bust is a sculpted or cast
representation of the upper part of the
human figure, depicting a person's head
and neck, and a variable portion of the
chest and shoulders. The piece is
normally supported by a plinth. The bust
is generally a portrait intended to
record the appearance of an individual,
but may sometimes represent a type.
They may be of any medium used for
sculpture, such as marble, bronze,
terracotta, plaster, wax or wood.
2. Statue
• The figure of a person or animal, or an
imagined or abstract form, carved in
stone, wood, etc., modeled in a plastic
substance, or cast in plaster, bronze,
etc., esp. when done in the round rather
than in relief.
 3. Architectural
• The architectural sculpture is a universal
classification used to describe a structural design
such as buildings, bridges, burial chambers, and
other big projects.
4. Relief
• The terms relief is from a Latin verb “levo” which
means to raise. To create a sculpture in relief is to
to give a notion that the sculpted material has
been raised above the canvas. This type of
sculpture is not meant to be seen and the entire
design can be understand in a frontal view.
IMPORTANCE OF COLOR WHEEL
HISTORY OF COLOR WHEEL
• The original color wheel was created by
Sir Isaac Newton, in 1666. His first color
circle was actually more of a pie chart,
which the bands of color he observed
were dispersed in wedges, arranged
around circle. The prism produced red,
yellow, green, and cyan that allow him to
show the natural sequence of color by
joining the two ends and creating the
color wheel.

MEDIUMS AND TECHNIQUE IN SCULPTURE

1. Carving
• the act of fashioning or producing by cutting into
or shaping solid material, as wood.
2 types of carving:
a. Stone carving
b. Wood carving

2. Casting
• It is a method by which a liquid material is usually
poured into a frame or pattern which contains a
hollow cavity of the desired shape and then
allowed to harden.
2 types of casting:
a. Glass casting
b. Slip casting

3. Molding
• Molding sculpture is an additive process. It is the
working of soft or plastic materials such as clay
and wax by hand to build up or shape to create
forms.

4. Assemblage
• It is an additive process of gathering and joining
different materials to create assembled artwork.

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