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Manual de Microalgas del Sur de Chile

Book · June 2016

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2 authors:

Jorge I Mardones Alejandro Clement

Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) PLANCTON ANDINO
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 Indice

Indice 3
Prólogo 5

1. Introducción 7

1.1. Floraciones Algales Nocivas en Fiordos del Sur de Chile 8

1.1.1. FANs y su impacto en la salmonicultura 10

1.1.2. FANs y su impacto en la mitilicultura 13

1.1.3 Estrategias de mitigación 13

1.2. Programas de Monitoreo 15

2. Diatomeas 27

3. Dinoflagelados 95

3.1. Quistes 145

4. Fitoflagelados 151

5. FANs en Aguas Continentales 161

6. Misceláneos 165

7. Bibliografía 175

8. Glosario 181

9. Indice de Especies 184

PROLOGO

Microscopic plankton algae are among the most numerous and least known creatures on our Blue
Planet, yet humanity could not survive without them. Take one deep breath of crisp Chilean air.
Now take another. That second, refreshing breath was courtesy not of the green trees around us,
but the myriad microscopic, plant-like organisms in the world’s oceans. And as minute as they may
be, if you packed the algal cells in the oceans into a plank, it would be 7cm thick, 30cm wide, and
stretch 386,000km from the Earth to the Moon. These tiniest ocean plants respond instantaneously
to environmental change, and under favourable conditions can quickly grow so dense that they
discolour the surface of the sea. Charles Darwin already reported such “red tide” event in 1835 off
Concepcion y Valparaiso. While most algal bloom events are harmless to humans and beneficial
to fisheries and aquaculture, unfortunately selected species can negatively impact on fish, inverte-
brates, birds, marine mammals, and humans. Shellfish poisonings of native Chilean people due to
algal toxins occurred in Ushuaia (Beagle Channel) as early as 1886, and impacts of algal blooms on
the salmon industry date back to 1988. Nowhere is the need for correct identification of plankton
organisms more critical than in the study of the toxic species. Just as doctors take a blood sample to
monitor a patient’s health, plankton biologists such as Jorge Mardones and Alejandro Clément rou-
tinely monitor the health of Chilean waters by looking at microalgal species. Microscopic algae are
ornamented more wildly and delicately than a human mind could conceive these minute architects
are the true builders and shapers of Earth’s beauty and diversity. It is perilous to ignore this micros-
copic world, and this beautifully illustrated guide covering 170 species and 400 colour micrographs
will be invaluable to fisheries and public health officials involved in environmental water quality
assessment, and any marine science students interested in the wonders of the planktonic universe.

Prof. Gustaaf Hallegraeff

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies,
University of Tasmania,
Hobart, Australia

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Dinoflagelados

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