Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Instrumen Kajian
Instrumen Kajian
DEFINISI
Boleh anda nyatakan satu alat yang boleh digunakan bagi mendapatkan
data dalam kajian anda?
PROSES KAJIAN
Bina sendiri
Instrumen Adopt Guna sepenuhnya tanpa perubahan/
Terjemahan
Pinjam
Guna dengan perubahan (gugur/tambah
Adapt
konstruk/item)
Adapt
• Soal selidik
Adopt Calon sarjana Kegembiraan
UPSI versi
Malaysia
5
item Inventori Kesejahteraan Emosi
Oxford Happiness
Questionnaire (Argyle & Hill, (Aziz & Lutfiah, 2000)
2002)
Adapt
Ujian/soal selidik
awal
Pembetulan
No
Kajian
Yes Yes
Kesahan Kajian rintis sebenar
Pra-rintis
1. Kesahan muka
2. Kesahan kandungan
No 3. Kesahan konstruk
4. Kesahan kriteria Analisis
Pembetulan
Instrumen
yang paling
banyak
digunakan.
KENAPA?
SOAL SELIDIK
Soal selidik adalah koleksi soalan tinjauan untuk dijawab oleh kumpulan peserta kajian yang terpilih.
Jenis
Tertutup Terbuka
KELEBIHAN DAN KELEMAHAN SOAL SELIDIK
Kelebihan? Kelemahan?
JADUAL SPESIFIKASI INSTRUMEN
3. Fokus terhadap satu aspek sahaja. 8. Arahan yang jelas untuk pentadbiran standard.
Penggunaan bahasa haruslah mudah difahami Saya menggunakan komputer semasa pengajaran
dalam bilik darjah (√ )
CONTOH 2
Elak guna pernyataan terlalu teknikal Kaedah penyampaian guru mampu merangsang
pemikiran saya (√ )
CONTOH 3
Cth: Sila nyatakan tahap pengetahuan anda terhadap analisis statistik berikut:
Bil Item Skala
SR R S T ST
1 Korelasi Pearson 1 2 3 4 5
2 Khi kuasa dua 1 2 3 4 5
3 MANOVA 1 2 3 4 5
Types of survey item
Format Response
Structured Unstructured
Format respons = the way in which items are presented and responses are obtained.
Structured Response
Formats
Priority Frequency
1 – Not a priority 1 – Never
2 – Low priority 2 – Rarely
3 – Somewhat priority 3 – Sometimes
4 – Neutral 4 – Often
5 – Moderate Priority 5 – Always
6 – High priority
7 – Essential priority
…LIKERT TYPE SCALE
Kesahan
Arahan kurang
jelas
Susunan jawapan
Perbendaharaan kata
boleh diramal
sukar difahami
Aras kesukaran
kurang sesuai
KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN
Jenis Kebolehpercayaan
Ujian A = Ujian B 2
Sama : cakupan kandungan, aras kesukaran
tapi soalan berbeza
2
Contoh pekali Cohen Kappa,
CVI
FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN
Accuracy
Appearance of "bias"
Level of readability
Different types of
expertise are required on
the item review panel. Measurement Expert who
Subject matter and test familiar with
construction the population
Item review can be carried out either before or after preliminary item tryouts.
If expert reviewers are readily After item tryouts many items will
available, item review can be inevitably be revised or reworded.
conducted before tryouts so that This creates the necessity for
time in tryouts will not be wasted additional item review by the expert
on faulty or biased items. panel.
THE QUANTIfiCATION OF CONTENT VALIDITY
One method of measuring content validity, developed by Lawshe (1975), is essentially a method for gauging
agreement among raters or judges regarding how essential a particular item is.
Lawshe (1975) proposed that each rater respond to the following question for each item: “Is the skill or
knowledge measured by this item _______to the performance of the job?”.
essential
useful but not essential
not necessary
For each item, the number of panelists stating that the item is essential is noted.
If more than half the panelists indicate that an item is essential, that item has at least some
content validity.
Lawshe (1975) developed a formula termed the content validity ratio (CVR):
N=8
KAJIAN RINTIS
Bukan merupakan ahli populasi kajian sebenar tetapi memiliki ciri-ciri (cth: umur, latar belakang
pendidikan, jenis sekolah, dll) yang sama dengan ciri ahli populasi berkenaan.
Cth: Kajian sebenar: Mengenal pasti tahap kompetensi guru dalam aspek PBD di daerah Batang Padang.
Kajian rintis gunakan sampel guru dari daerah Muallim. Jika tidak akan berlaku pencemaran sampel
kajian.