FINAL EXAM – EXPLORING EE

Question: Battery In this case operating all four motors consumes ~4A while an NiMh
pack can only discharge at about 1.2 times the capcity (1.2 x 2Ah =
2.4A). The current draw from the motors is therefore higher than the
Discharge Rate battery can provide.

The continuous discharge rate of a battery is very important because if you choose a
battery that cannot discharge at the required current, the robot will either not work properly
or not work at all.

You select four 12V motors for your mobile robot. Each motor consumes 1A under normal
load, and more in the case of a slope. You decide to choose a 12V, 2Ah NiMh battery
pack, not caring about the continuous discharge rate. You discover that your robot stop
when it encounters even the slightest obstacle or incline. Why ?

Multiple batteries vs One battery

Advantages and disadvantages

Multiple Batteries
Advantages:
Requires less design time
Can be more efficient
Disadvantages:
Various parts of the robot will stop working at different times
Multiple batteries to recharge

One Battery
Advantages:
One battery to charge
Lighter weight
Disadvantages:
(May) require voltage regulator
A bit more complex to understand and wire
Question: Power consumption
Find the power absorbed by each element below. (Note that if the power is actually supplied by the
element, then your corresponding answer will be negative.)

- to + (supplied) P=-IV

P= 40W (absorbed) + to - (absorbed) P=IV

Have - =>opposite

P = 15W (Absorbed)

P = -24W (Absorbed)

(d) Adding light bulb

Where should one add bulb C in order to get A to shine more brightly ?
Question: Communication
analog or digital
(b) Data (information) must be -----------------------------------------------------
signal to be
transmitted
(c) Describe the difference between analog and digital data one single spike
(d) A complete sine wave in the time domain can be represented by ------------- in the
frequency domain.
(e) Difference between AM and FM radio channels

Question: Quantization
Design a 2 bit quantizer for a signal with range [0, 32]

Maximum number of levels

Quantization step size
Quantization level
Reconstruction level
Maximum quantization error
What happen if put batteries in series? (Von +)(I=)
Parallel (I+)(V=)
If put on top the other what happen to the current?
If