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Textbook NCERT
Class Class 9
Subject Science
Chapter Chapter 2
Medium English
Class 9 Science Chapter 2 Is Matter Around Us Pure ? Notes. here we will be learn
MATTERS :-
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5/1/23, 12:12 PM Class 9 Science Chapter 2 Is Matter Around Us Pure Notes
( I ) Pure Substance
( I ) Pure Substance :-
Pure substances means that all elements have same chemical properties. A pure
Pure :- ‘Pure’ word means that there is no mixing in a substance. But according to
scientific language all things are mixture of so many substances, not of single one.
That’s why they are not pure. E.g. Milk, water, fat, etc.
kind of matter by any physical process. Apure substance is made up of same kind of
elements.
What is a Mixture?
Examples :- The air is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water
vapour.
Types of Mixture :-
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Homogenous mixture
Heterogenous mixture
various constituents.
These types of mixtures have visible boundaries of separation between the various
constituents.
Example :- Mixture of sugar and sand. It does not have a uniform composition
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Solution :-
soda water.
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Solvent :- The component of the solution that dissolves the other component in it
Solute :- The component of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent is called the
solute.
Properties of a Solution :-
We cannot see the particles of a solution through naked eyes as they as are small as 1
nanometer in diameter.
The path of light is not visible through the solution. The particles of a solution do not
scatter light through them as they are extremely small.
Concentration of a solution :-
Solubility :- The amount of the solute present in the saturated solution at the
Concentration :-
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Suspension :-
Properties of Suspensions :-
The particles of suspension tend to settle down when left undisturbed. Then, they can
be separated using filtration.
Colloidal solutions :-
The particles are relatively very small that the solution appears as a homogeneous
Properties of colloids :-
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The particles scatter a beam of light passed through a colloid and produce Tyndall
effect.
Colloids are stable in nature. The particles of colloids do not settle down if left
uninterrupted.
We cannot separate the particles of a colloid through filtration. We use a method called
Centrifugation to separate the particles of a colloid.
Tyndall Effect :-
When a beam of light is passed through a colloid the particles of the colloid scatter
the beam of light and we can see the path of light in the solution.
For Example :- when a ray of light enters a dark room it is scattered by the dust
particles present in the air and we can see the path of light clearly.
Evaporation :-
Basic principal :- Out of the two components of a mixture one can evaporate [i.e.,
has less boiling point] and other has higher boiling point.
Centrifugation :-
density, when mixture is rotated very fast, then denser particles are forced at the
Applications :-
Separating Funnel :-
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5/1/23, 12:12 PM Class 9 Science Chapter 2 Is Matter Around Us Pure Notes
Basic principle :- Two immiscible liquids (which do not dissolve in each other) can
Applications :-
Extraction of iron from its ore. Lighter slag is removed from above the molten iron.
Sublimation :-
Basic principle :- Out of the two components, one will sublime (directly converts
Chromatography :-
Applications :-
Distillation :-
boiling points, followed by condensation. Out of the two components one has a lower
boiling point and other has higher boiling point. This is used to separate two or more
miscible liquids.
Applications
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In petroleum refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants, natural gas processing and
cryogenic air separation plants.
In oil refineries to separate crude oil into useful substances (or fractions).
Crystallisation :-
Applications :-
Separation of crystals [e.g., alum (phitkari), copper sulphate] from their impure
crystals.
Physical Properties :-
point, density and hardness which we can observe are called as Physical Properties.
Physical Change :-
When we convert a substance from one state to another, such as a solid into a liquid
For Example :- Change of ice into water. The chemical properties of water remain
the same.
Chemical Change :-
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Elements :-
An element is the simplest form of matter. Elements cannot be broken down into
further elements by chemical reactions.
Compounds :-
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Mixture Compound
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