The Fibonacci Sequence

& Golden Ratio

This pattern The Fibonacci sequence exhibits a
certain numerical pattern; it turned out to have an
interest and importance far beyond what its creator
imagined.
It can be used to model or describe an amazing
variety of phenomena, in mathematics and
science, art and nature.
The mathematical ideas the Fibonacci
sequence leads to, such as the golden ratio,
spirals and self- similar curves, have long been
appreciated for their charm and beauty, but no
one can really explain why they are echoed so
clearly in the world of art and nature.
 His real name was Leonardo Pisano Bogollo, and he
lived between 1170 and 1250 in Italy.
 "Fibonacci" was his nickname, which roughly means "Son
of Bonacci".
 As well as being famous for the Fibonacci Sequence, he
helped spread Hindu-Arabic Numerals (like our present
numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) through Europe in place
of Roman Numerals (I, II, III, IV, V, etc).
1.1 Fibonacci's Rabbits
The original problem that Fibonacci investigated (in the year 1202) was
about how fast rabbits could breed in ideal circumstances.

Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits, one male,

one female, are put in a field. Rabbits are able to
mate at the age of one month so that at the end
of its second month a female can produce
another pair of rabbits. Suppose that our
rabbits never die and that the
female always produces one new pair (one male,
one female) every month from the second month
on. The puzzle that Fibonacci posed was...
How many pairs will there be in one year?
 At the end of the first month, they mate, but there is still
one only 1 pair.
 At the end of the second month the female produces a
new pair, so now there are 2 pairs of rabbits in the field.
 At the end of the third month, the original female
produces a second pair, making 3 pairs in all in the field.
 At the end of the fourth month, the original female has
produced yet another new pair, the female born two
months ago produces her first pair also, making 5 pairs.
The Fibonacci sequence is an array of numbers
that given two terms, the next term is
determined by adding the given terms.

fn = fn-1 + fn-2
Example No.1
Given Terms Expansion Explanation

f0 = 0; f1 = 1 f2 = 1 f2 = f0 + f1
=0 + 1
f3 = 2 f3 = f1 + f2
=1 + 1
f4 = 3 f4 = f2 + f3
=1 + 2
f5 = 5 f5 = f3 + f4
=2 + 3
f6 = 8 f6 = f4 + f5
=3 + 5
f7 = 13 f7 = f5 + f6
=5 + 8
Example No. 2
Given Terms Expansion Explanation

f0 = 1; f1 = 3 f2 = 4 f2 = f0 + f1
=1 + 3
f3 = 7 f3 = f1 + f2
=3 + 4
f4 = 11 f4 = f2 + f3
=4 + 7
f5 = 18 f5 = f3 + f4
=7 + 11
f6 = 29 f6 = f4 + f5
=11 + 18
f7 = 47 f7 = f5+ f6
=18 + 29
Try this…
Given Terms Expansion Explanation

f0 = 2; f1 = 2 f2 = ?
f 3= ?
f4 = ?
f5 = ?
f6 = ?
f7 = ?
Check your answer:
Given Terms Expansion Explanation

f0 = 2; f1 = 2 f2 = 4 f2 = f0 + f1
=2 + 2
f3 = 6 f3 = f1 + f2
=2 + 4
f4 = 10 f4 = f2 + f3
=4 + 6
f5 = 16 f5 = f3 + f4
=6 + 10
f6 = 26 f6 = f4 + f5
=10 + 16
f7 = 42 f7 = f5 + f6
=16 + 26
Refer to the given in Example No. 2
Expansion Ratio
f0 = 2 f1÷f0 = 2 ÷ 2 = 1.000
f1 = 2 f2÷f1 = 4 ÷ 2 = 2.00
f2 = 4 f3÷f2 = 6 ÷ 4 = 1.500
f3 = 6 f4÷f3 =10÷6 = 1.667
f4 = 10 f5÷f4 =16÷10 = 1.600
f5 = 16 f6÷f5 =26÷16 = 1.625
f6 = 26 f7÷f6 =42÷26 = 1.615
f7 = 42
Golden Ratio

When we take any two successive (one

after the other) Fibonacci Numbers, their
ratio is very close to the Golden Ratio "φ"
which is approximately 1.618034...
Golden Ratio:

fn=

 The answer comes out as a whole number, exactly equal to the addition of
the previous two terms.
 Note: The formula is Applicable only when f0 = 0 and f1 = 1
Solving for the value of f2:

𝟏.𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟐− (𝟏−𝟏.𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟒)𝟐
f2= 𝟓

𝟐.𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟒− (−𝟎.𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟒)𝟐
=
𝟐.𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟖

𝟐.𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟒− 𝟎.𝟑𝟖𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟔
=
𝟐.𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟖

𝟐.𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟖
=𝟐.𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟖

=1
 Solving for the value of f3:

𝟏.𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟑− (𝟏−𝟏.𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟒)𝟑
 f3=
𝟓

𝟒.𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟖− (−𝟎.𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟒)𝟑
 =
𝟐.𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟖

𝟒.𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟖−(−𝟎.𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟖)
 = 𝟐.𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟖

𝟒.𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟔
 =
𝟐.𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟖

 =2
You can also calculate a Fibonacci Number
by multiplying the previous Fibonacci
Number by the Golden Ratio and then
rounding (works for numbers in all of our
examples):
fn = fn-1 (𝝋)
Refer to Example No.2:
f3 = f2 (𝝋)
f3 = 4 (1.618034) = 6.472
f3 = 7
Fibonacci Sequence in Nature
References:

 https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/fibonacci-sequence.html
 https://math.temple.edu/~reich/Fib/fibo.html
 sites/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibnat.html
 Mathematics in the Modern World (2018) by Alejan, Veloria, Bonghanoy,
Ondaro, and Sumalinog
Thank you for participating in
our class discussion!
God bless ☺