FUNCTIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following are injections or surjections or bijections ? Justify your answers
2x +1
i) f : R → R defined by f ( x ) =
3
ii) f : R → ( 0, ∞ ) defined by f ( x ) = 2 x
iii) f : ( 0, ∞ ) → R defined by f ( x ) = log e x
iv) f : [ 0, ∞ ) → [ 0, ∞ ) defined by f ( x ) = x 2
2. Is g = {(1,1) , ( 2,3) , ( 3,5 ) , ( 4, 7 )} is a function from A = {1, 2,3, 4} to B = {1,3,5, 7} ? If this is
given by the formula g ( x ) = ax + b , then find a and b.
3x + 3− x
3. If the function f :R→R defined by f ( x) = , then show that
2
f ( x + y) + f ( x − y) = 2 f ( x) f ( y)
4. If f ( x ) = 2, g ( x ) = x 2 , h ( x ) = 2 x for all x ∈ R , then find ( ( fo ( goh )( x ) )
5. Find the inverse of the following functions
i. If a, b ∈ R, f : R → R defined by f ( x ) = ax + b ( a ≠ 0 )
ii. f : R → ( 0, ∞ ) defined by f ( x ) = 5 x
iii. f : ( 0, ∞ ) → R defined by f ( x ) = log 2 x
6. Define surjection
7. Find the domains of the following real valued functions.
1
i. f ( x) = 2
( x − 1) ( x + 3)
1
ii. f ( x) =
log ( 2 − x )
1
iii. f ( x) =
1 − x2
iv. f ( x ) = x 2 − 25
8. Find the ranges of the following real valued functions
x2 − 4
i.
x−2
9. If f = {(1, 2 ) , ( 2, −3 ) , ( 3, −1)} then find
i. 2 f ii. 2 + f iii. f 2 iv. f
10. Find the domains of the following real valued functions
2+ x + 2− x
i. f ( x ) =
x

1
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

 x + 2, x > 1

1. If the function f is defined by f ( x ) =  2, −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, then find the values of
 x − 1, −3 < x < −1

(i) f ( 3) , (ii) f (0) , (iii) f ( −1,5 ) , (iv) f ( 2 ) + f ( −2 ) , (v) f ( −5 )
1+ x  2x 
2. If f : R − {±1} → R is defined by f ( x ) = log , then show that f  2 
= 2 f ( x)
1− x 1+ x 
3. If f : R→ R, g : R → R defined by f ( x ) = 3 x − 2, g ( x ) = x 2 + 1 then find
(i) ( gof −1 ) ( 2 ) , (ii) ( gof )( x − 1)
4. Let f = {(1, a ) , ( 2, c ) , ( 4, d ) , ( 3, b )} and g −1 = {( 2, a ) , ( 4, b ) , (1, c ) , ( 3, d )} , then show that
−1
( gof ) = f −1og −1
x +1
5. If f ( x ) = ( x ≠ ±1) then find ( fofof )( x ) and ( fofofof )( x )
x −1
6. Let f : A → B , g : B → C and h : C → D . Then ho ( gof ) = ( hog ) of , that is, composition of
functions is associative.
7. If f : R → R, g : R → R are defined by f ( x ) = 4 x − 1 and g ( x ) = x 2 + 2 then find

( gof ) 
a +1
(i) ( gof )( x ) (ii) 
 4 
(iii) fof ( x ) (iv) go ( fof )( 0 )
8. If f : Q → Q is defined by f ( x ) = 5 x + 4 for all x ∈ Q , show that f is a bijection and find f −1

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Let f : A → B, g : B → C be bijections. Then gof : A → C is a bijection.

2. Let f : A → B , I A and I B be identity functions on A and B respectively. Then foI A = f = I B of
−1
3. Let f : A → B, g : B → C be bijections. Then ( gof ) = f −1og −1 .
4. Let f : A → B be a bijection. Then fof −1 = I B and f −1of = I A .
5. Let f : A → B be a function. Then f is a bijection if and only if there exists a function
g : B → A such that fog = I B and gof = I A and in this case, g = f −1

2. MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Using mathematical induction, prove the following for all n ∈ N

n ( n 2 + 6n + 11)
1. 2.3 + 3.4 + 4.5 + ... upto n terms =
3

2
 1 1 1 1 n
2. + + + ... + =
1.3 3.5 5.7 ( 2n − 1)( 2 n + 1) 2n + 1
3. 4n − 3n − 1 is divisible by 9
n ( n + 1)( n + 2 )( n + 3 )
4. 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + ... upto n terms =
4
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 +2 1 +2 +3 n
5. + + .... upto n terms =  2n 2 + 9n + 13
1 1+ 3 1+ 3 + 5 24
2
n ( n + 1) ( n + 2 )
6. 1 + (1 + 2 ) + (1 + 2 + 3 ) + ... upto n terms =
2 2 2 2 2 2

12
n
7. Show that 49 + 16 n − 1 is divisible by 64 for all positive integers n .
1 1 1 n
8. Show that ∀ n ∈ N , + + + ... upto n terms = .
1.4 4.7 7.10 3n + 1

3. ADDITION AND SCALAR MULTIPLICATION OF VECTORS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Let a = i + 2 j + 3k and b = 3i + j . Find the unit vector in the direction of a + b .

2. If OA = i + j + k , AB = 3i − 2 j + k , BC = i + 2 j − 2k and CD = 2 i + j + 3k , then find the vector
OD .
3. a = 2i + 5 j + k and b = 4 i + mj + nk are collinear vectors, then find m and n .
4. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point 2 i + 3 j + k and parallel to the
vector 4 i − 2 j + 3k .
5. Find the vector equation of the line joining the points 2 i + j + 3k and −4 i + 3 j − k .
6. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points
i − 2 j + 5k , − 5 j − k , and −3i + 5 j

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If a , b , c are linearly independent vectors, then show that

i. a − 2b + 3c , − 2a + 3b − 4c , −b + 2c are linearly dependent
ii. a − 3b + 2c , 2a − 4b − c ,3a + 2b − c are linearly independent.
2. If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors, then test for the collinearity of the following points whose
position vectors are given
i. 3a − 4b + 3c , − 4a + 5b − 6c , 4a − 7b + 6c
3. If a , b , c are noncoplanar find the point of intersection of the line passing through the points
2a + 3b − c ,3a + 4b − 2c with the line joining the points a − 2b + 3c , a − 6b + 6c
4. Find the vector equation of the plane which passes through the points 2 i + 4 j + 2k , 2 i + 3 j + 5k
and parallel to the vector 3i − 2 j + k . Also find the point where this plane meets the line joining
the points 2 i + j + 3k and 4 i − 2 j + 3k

3
5. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through points 4 i − 3 j − k , 3i + 7 j − 10k and
2 i + 5 j − 7k and show that the point i + 2 j − 3k lies in the plane
6. If the points whose position vectors are 3i − 2 j − k , 2 i + 3 j − 4k , − i + j + 2k and 4 i + 5 j + λ k
−146
are coplanar, then show that λ =
7
7. Let A B C D E F be a regular hexagon with centre ‘O’. Show that
AB + AC + AD + AE + AF=3 AD=6 AO
8. In the two dimensional plane, prove by using vector methods, the equation of the line whose
x y
intercepts on the axes are ‘a’ and ‘b’ is + = 1 .
a b
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If i,j,k are unit vectors along the positive directions of the coordinate axes, then show that the four
points 4 i + 5 j + k , − j − k ,3i + 9 j + 4k and −4 i + 4 j + 4 k are coplanar.
2. In ∆ ABC , if ‘O’ is the circumcentre and H is the orthocentre, then show that
(i) OA + OB + OC = OH (ii) HA + HB + HC = 2 HO

4. MULTIPLICATION OF VECTORS
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Find the angle between the vectors i + 2 j + 3k and 3i − j + 2 k

2. Find the angle between the planes r ( 2 i − j + 2k ) = 3 and r ( 3i + 6 j + k ) = 4
3. Find the radius of the sphere whose equation is r 2 = 2r ( 4 i − 2 j + 2 k )
4. If ( r − 2i + j − 4k )( r + 2i − 2 j + 2k ) = 0 is the equation of the sphere, then find its centre.
5. Let a = i + j + k and b = 2 i + 3 j + k . Find
i. The projection vector of b and a and its magnitude
ii. The vector components of b in the direction of a and perpendicular to a .
6. If a + b + c = 0, a = 3, b = 5 and c = 7 , then find the angle between a and b
7. If a = 2, b = 3 and c = 4 each of a , b , c is perpendicular to the sum of the other two vectors,
then find the magnitude of a + b + c
π 2
8. If p = 2, q = 3 and ( p, q ) = , then find p × q
6
2p
9. If 4 i + j + pk is parallel to the vector i + 2 j + 3k , find p .
3
10. Compute 2 j × ( 3i − 4k ) + ( i + 2 j ) × k .
11. Find unit vector perpendicular to both i + j + k and 2 i + j + 3k
12. Find the area of the parallelogram having a = 2 j − k and b = − i + k and adjacent sides
13. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 3i + j − 2k and i − 3 j + 4 k
14. Find the area of the triangle having 3i + 4 j and − 5i + 7 j as two of its sides.
15. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are A (1, 2,3 ) , B ( 2,3,1) and C ( 3,1, 2 ) .
16. Compute  i − j j − k k − i 

4
17. Find the volume of the parallelopiped having coterminus edges i + j + k , i − j and i + 2 j − k .
18. Find t for which the vectors 2 i − 3 j + k , i + 2 j − 3k and j − tk are coplanar
19. Determine λ , for which the volume of the parallelopiped having conterminus edges
i + j , 3i − j and 3 j + λ k is 16 cubic units.
20. Find the volume of the tetrahedron having the edges i + j + k , i − j and i + 2 j + k .
2
21. If a,b,c are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then find the value of [ a b c ]
22. If a = i + 2 j − 3k and b = 3i − j + 2k , then show that a + b and a − b are perpendicular to each
other
23. Let a and b be non-zero, non collinear vectors. If a + b = a − b , then find the angle between
a and b
24. Find the angle between the planes 2 x − 3 y − 6 z = 5 and 6 x + 2 y − 9 z = 4
25. If P, Q, R and S are points whose position vectors are
i − k , − i + 2 j , 2i − 3k and 3i − 2 j − k respectively, then find the component of RS on PQ.
26. Find the equation of the sphere with the line segment joining the points
A (1, −3, −1) and B ( 2, 4,1) as diameter.
27. If a = i + 2 j + 3k and b = 3i + 5 j − k are two sides of a triangle, then find its area.
28. Let a = 2i − j + k and b = 3i + 4 j − k . If θ is the angle between a and b , then find sin θ .
29. For any four vectors a , b , c and d , prove that
( b × c )( a × d ) + ( c × a ) ( b × d ) + ( a × d )( c × d ) = 0
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If a + b + c = 0 , then prove that a × b = b × c = c × a .

2. If a = 2 i + j − k , b = − i + 2 j − 4k and c = i + j + k , then find ( a × b ) . ( b × c )
3. Find the vector area and the area of the parallelogram having a = i + 2 j − k and b = 2 i − j + 2k
as adjacent sides
4. If a = 13, b = 5 and a .b = 60 then find a × b
5. Find unit vector perpendicular to the plane passing through the points
(1, 2,3) , ( 2, −1,1) and (1, 2, −4 ) .
6. If a = 2i + 3 j + 3k , b = i + j − k and c = i − j + k , then compute a × ( b × c ) and verify that it is
perpendicular to a.
7. If a = 7 i − 2 j + 3k , b = 2 i + 8k and c = i + j + k , then compute
a × b , a × c and a × ( b + c ) . Verify whether the cross product is distributive over vector addition.
8. a = 3i − j + 2 k , b = − i + 3 j + 2k , c = 4 i + 5 j − 2k and d = i + 3 j + 5k ,
then compute the following.
( ) (
i. a × b × c × d and ) ( ) (
ii. a × b c − a × d .b )
9. a,b ,c are non-zero vectors
and a is perpendicular to both b and c. If
2π
a = 2, b = 3, c = 4 and ( b , c ) = , then find  a b c 
3
10. If a , b and c are non-coplanar vectors, then prove that the four points with position vectors
2a + 3b − c , a − 2b + 3c , 3a + 4b − 2c and a − 6b + 6c are coplanar.
11. Find the volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are (1, 2,1) , ( 3, 2,5 ) , ( 2, −1, 0 ) and ( −1, 0,1) .

5
12. Show that the equation of the plane passing through the points with position vectors
3i − 5 j − k , − i + 5 j + 7k and parallel to the vector 3i − j + 7k is 3x + 2 y − z = 0
a a 2 1 + a3
13. If A = (1, a, a 2 ) , B = (1, b, b 2 ) and C = (1, c, c 2 ) are non-coplanar vectors and b b 2 1 + b 3 = 0 ,
c c2 1 + c3
then show that a b c + 1 = 0
14. If a = i − 2 j + 3k , b = 2 i + j + k , c = i + j + 2k then find
(a ×b )×c and a × ( b × c )
15. Show that the points 2 i − j + k , i − 3 j − 5k and 3 i − 4 j − 4k are the vertices of a right angled
triangle. Also find the other angles.
1
16. Prove that the smaller angle θ between any two diagonals of a cube is given by cos θ = .
3
17. With the usual notation the following is true in any ∆ABC .
a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
18. If 0 ≤ A, B ≤ π , then sin ( A − B ) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B
19. Show that i × ( a × i ) + j × ( a × j ) + k × ( k × a ) = 2a for any vector a.
20. Prove that for any three vectors a , b , c , b + c c + a a + b  = 2  a b c 
2
21. For any three vectors a , b , c , prove that b × c c × a a × b  =  a b c 
1
22. Let a,b and c be unit vectors such that b is not parallel to c and a × ( b × c ) = b . Find the angles
2
made by a with each of b and c.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. A line makes angles θ1 , θ 2 ,θ 3 and θ 4 with the diagonals of a cube. Show that
4
cos 2 θ1 + cos 2 θ 2 + cos 2 θ3 + cos 2 θ 4 =
3
2. If b c d  +  c a d  +  a b d  =  a b c  , then show that the points with position vectors a,b,c
and d are coplanar.
3. If A = (1, −2, −1) , B ( 4, 0 − 3) , C (1, 2, −1) and D = ( 2, −4, −5 ) , find the distance between AB and
CD.
4. If a = i − 2 j + k , b = 2 i + j + k , c = i + 2 j − k find a × ( b × c ) and ( a × b ) × c
5. If a = i − 2 j − 3k , v = 2 i + j − k and c = i + 3 j − 2k , verify that a × ( b × c ) ≠ ( a × b ) × c
6. If a = 2i + j − 3k , b = i − 2 j + k , c = −i + j − 4k and d = i + j + k , then compute ( a × b ) × ( c × d )
7. Let θ1 and θ 2 be non-negative real numbers such that θ1 + θ 2 ≤ π . Then
(i) cos (θ1 − θ 2 ) = cos θ1 cos θ 2 + sin θ1 sin θ 2
(ii) cos (θ1 + θ 2 ) = cos θ1 cos θ 2 − sin θ1 sin θ 2
8. In any triangle prove that the altitudes are concurrent.
9. Find the shortest distance between the skew lines
r = ( 6 i + 2 j + 2k ) + t ( i − 2 j + 2k ) and r = ( −4 i − k ) + s ( 3i − 2 j − 2k )

6
10. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point A = ( 3, −2, −1) and parallel to the vectors
b = i − 2 j + 4k and c = 3i + 2 j − 5k
11. For any four vectors a , b , c and d , ( a × b ) × ( c × d ) = a c d  b − b c d  a and
( a × b ) × ( c × d ) = a b d  c − a b c  d
12. Let a, b, c be three vectors. Then
(i) ( a × b ) × c = ( a .c ) b − ( b .c ) a (ii) a × ( b × c ) = ( a .c ) b − ( a .b ) c
MATRICES

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

 x − 3 2 y − 8  5 2 
1) If  = then find the values of x, y, z and a
z + 2 6   −2 a − 4


1 3 −5 
02. Find the trace of  2 −1 5 
 2 0 1 
03. Find the following products wherever possible
 2 2 1   −2 −3 4 
 1 0 2   2 2 −3 
  
 2 1 2   1 2 −2 
3 4 9 
04.  0 −1 5  13 −2 0 
  0 4 1 
 2 6 12   

 −1 2 3 
05. If A =  2 5 6  is a symmetric matrix, then find x.
 3 x 7 
 a + ib c + id  2 2 2 2
06. If A =   , a + b + c + d = 1 then find the inverse of A
 − c + id a − b 
 x − 1 2 y − 5  1 − x 2 − y 
07. If  z 0 2  =  2 0 2  then find the values of x, y, z and a.
 1 −1 1 + a   1 −1 1 
2 3 1  1 2 −1
08. If A =   and B=  the find the matrix X such that A + B – X = 0 What is
 6 −1 5  0 −1 3
the order of the matrix X ?
1 2  3 8
09. If A =   ,B =  and 2X + A = B then find X.
3 4  7 2

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1 0 0 1  3
01. If I   and E =   then show that ( aI + bE ) = a 3 I + 3a 2bE.
0 1  0 0 

7
 0 2 1
02. If A =  −2 0 −2  is a skew symmetric matrix, then find x.
 −1 x 0 
1 5 3   2 −1 0 
03. FI A =  2 4 0  and B = 0 −2 5  then find 3 A − 4 B '
 

 3 −1 −5 1 2 0 
 −1 −2 −2 
04. If A =  2 1 −2  then show that the adjoint of A is 3A’. Find A−1
 2 −2 1 
3 −3 4 
05. If A =  2 −3 4  then show that A−1 = A3
0 −1 1 
1 2 3 
06.  2 3 4
 
 0 1 2 
 cos θsin θ   cos nθ sin nθ 
07. If A =   then show that for all the positive integers n, An = 
 − sin θ
cos θ   − sin nθ cos nθ 
 1 −2 
 2 −1 2 
08. If A =   and B =  −3 0  then verify that (AB)’ = B’A’
1 3 −4   
 5 4 

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

a a 2 1 + a3  a a2 1
   
01. If  b b 2 1 + b 3  = 0 and  b b 2 1 ≠ 0 then show that abc = -1
 c c 2 1 + c3   c c2 1
  
 a + b + 2c a b 
  = 2 a +b+c 3
02. Show that  c b + c + 2a b  ( )
 c a c + a + 2b 
2
a b 2bc − a 2
c c2 b2 
  2
Show that b c a =  c 2  = ( a + b + c − 3abc )
2 2 3 3 3
03. 2ac − b a
c a b  b2 a2 2ab − c 2 

 −2 a a + b c + a 
04. Show that  a + b −2b b + c  = 4 ( a + b )( b + c )( c + a )
 c + a c + b −2c 
1 a 2 a3
05. 1 b 2 b 3 = ( a − b )( b − c )( c − a )( ab + bc = ca )
1 c2 c3

8
06. x+ y+z=9
2 x + 5 y + 7 z = 52
2x + y − z = 0
07. 2 x − y + 8 z = 13
3x + 4 y + 5 z = 18
5x − 2 y + 7 z = 20
08. x+ y+z=9
2 x + 5 y + 7 z = 52
2x + y − z = 0
09. x+ y−z =0
x − 2y + z = 0
3x + 6 y − 5z = 0
b + c c + a a + b a b c 
10. Show that  c + a a + b b + c  = 2  b c a 
 
 a + b b + c c + a   c a b 
a − b − c 2a 2a 
11. 
Show that  2b b−c−a 2b  = ( a + b + c )
3

 2c 2c c − a − b 
 x − 2 2 x − 3 3x − 4 
12. Find the value of x if  x − 4 2 x − 9 3 x − 16  = 0
 x − 8 2 x − 27 3 x − 64 
 a1 b1 c1 
If A =  a2 b2 c2  is a non-singular matrix then A is invertible and A−1 =
AdjA
13.
det A
 a3 b3 c3 
x+ y+z=3
14. Show that the following system of equations is consistent and solve it completely: 2 x + 2 y − z = 3
x + y − z =1

15. Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by using ‘Cramer’s rule.
3 x + 4 y + 5 z = 18
2 x − y + 8 z = 13
5 x − 2 y + 7 z = 20
16. Solve the following equations by Gauss – Jordan method
3 x + 4 y + 5 z = 18
2 x − y + 8 z = 13
5 x − 2 y + 7 z = 20
17. Let A and B are invertible matrices. Then A−1 , A ' and AB are invertible further.
−1 −1 1 −1
i) ( A−1 ) = A ii) ( A1 ) = ( A−1 ) iii) ( AB ) = B −1 A−1

9
 5. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND TRANSFORMATIONS
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If cos θ = t ( 0 < t < 1) and θ does not lie in the first quadrant, find the values of
(i) sin θ (ii) tan θ
 A + 2 B + 3C   A−C 
2. If A,B,C are angles of a triangle, then prove that cos   + cos  =0
 2   2 

3. If A,B,C,D are angles of a cyclic quadrilateral, then prove that

(i) sin A − sin C = sin D − sin B
4. Draw the graph of y = sin 2 x in ( −π , π )
5. Find the periods of the functions
(i) f ( x ) = sin x
1 1
6. Find the value of (i) sin 2 82o
− sin 2 22o
2 2
1 1
(ii) cos 2 112o − sin 2 52o
2 2
7. Find the period of the function defined by f ( x ) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x for all x ∈ R .
 π
8. Find the extreme values of 5cos x + 3cos  x +  + 8 over R.
 3
9. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following functions over R.
(i) f ( x ) = 5sin x + 12cos x − 13
5 −1
10. Prove that (i) sin 2 24o − sin 2 6o =
8
4
11. If tan A = , find the values of
3
(i) sin 2A (ii) cos 2A
−12
12. If tan A = and 630 o < A < 720 o find the values of
5
A A
(i) sin (ii) cos
2 2
π 1 + sin 2θ − cos 2θ
13. If θ is not an odd multiple of and if tan θ ≠ −1 , then show that = tan θ
2 1 + sin 2θ + cos 2θ
b
14. If tan θ = , then prove that a cos 2θ + b sin 2θ = a .
a
1 3
15. Prove that − = 4.
sin10 cos10o
o

16. Find the extreme values of the following functions over R.

 2π   2π 
(i) cos x. cos  + x  .cos  − x
 3   3 
17. If cos θ > 0, tan θ + sin θ = m and tan θ − sin θ = n , then show that m 2 − n 2 = 4 mn
o o
 1  1 3 +1
18. Prove that sin 2  52  − sin  22  =
 2  2 4 2

10
19. Show that cos 42o + cos 78o + cos162o = 0
1
20. Prove that sin 21o cos 9o − cos 84 o cos 6 o =
4
21. Find the values of cos 2 45o − sin 2 15o

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

−4
1. If tan θ = and θ does not lie in 4th quadrant, prove that
3
5sin θ + 10cos θ + 9sec θ + 16 cos ecθ + 4cot θ = 0
Prove that 3 ( sin θ − cos θ ) + 6 ( sin θ + cos θ ) + 4 ( sin 6 θ + cos 6 θ ) = 13
4 2
2.
2sin θ 1 − cos θ + sin θ
3. If = x , find the value of
1 + cos θ + sin θ 1 + sin θ
4. If cos ec θ − sin θ = a and secθ − cos θ = b , then prove that a 2b 2 ( a 2 + b 2 ) = 1
3 3

cot A cot B 1
5. If A + B = 225o , then prove that . =
1 + cot A 1 + cot B 2
π 7 12
6. If 0 < A < B < , sin ( A + B ) = , cos ( A − B ) = , find the value of tan 2A
4 25 13
7. If cos (θ − α ) , cos θ , cos (θ + α ) are in H.P., Then prove that cos 2 θ = 1 + cos α
8. Prove the following
2π 4π 8π 1
(i) cos cos .cos =
7 7 7 8
3 5
9. If cos α = and cos β = and α , β are acute angles, then prove that
5 13
 α + β  16
(i) cos 2  =
 2  65
10. If A is not an integral multiple of π , prove that
sin16 A
cos A.cos 2 A.cos 4 A.cos 8 A = and hence deduce that
16sin A
2π 4π 8π 16π 1
cos .cos .cos .cos =
15 15 15 15 16
11. Prove that 4 ( cos 66o + sin 84 o ) = 3 + 15
1 1
12. If sin x + sin y = and cos x + cos y = , then show that
4 3
x+ y 3
(i) tan =
2 4
13. If neither ( A − 15o ) nor ( A − 75 )
o
is an integral multiple of 180o , prove that
4cos 2 A
cot (15o − A) + tan (15o + A) =
1 − 2sin 2 A
14. Prove that (if none of the denominators is zero)

n n  n  A− B 
 cos A + cos B   sin A + sin B  2.cot   , if n is even
  +  =  2 
 sin A − sin B   cos A − cos B  
 0 , if n is odd

11
 α
15. If sec (θ + α ) + sec (θ − α ) = 2sec θ and cos α ≠ 1 , then show that cos θ = ± 2 cos
2
 2π   4π 
16. If x, y, z are non zero real numbers and if x cos θ = y cos  θ +  = z cos  θ +  for some
 3   3 
θ ∈ R , then show that xy + yz + zx = 0
17. If A + B + C = 270o , then prove that
(i) sin 2 A + sin 2 B − sin 2C = −4 sin A sin B cos C
2
18. If sec θ + tan θ = , find the value of sin θ and determine the quadrant in which θ lies.
3
19. If cos θ + sin θ = 2 cos θ , prove that cos θ − sin θ = 2 sin θ .
20. If A + B = 45o then prove that
(i) (1 + tan A )(1 + tan B ) = 2
12 3
21. If sin A = , cos B = and neither A nor B is in 1st quadrant, then find the quadrant in which
13 5
A+B lies.
22. Let ABC be a triangle such that cot A + cot B + cot C = 3
5 −1
23. Prove that (i) sin18o =
4
24. For A ∈ R , prove that
1
(i) cos A.cos ( 60 + A ) cos ( 60 − A ) = cos 3 A and hence deduce that
4
π 2π 3π 4π 1
(ii) cos cos cos cos =
9 9 9 9 16
25. If α , β are the solutions of the equation a cos θ + b sin θ = c (a,b,c are non-zero real numbers) then
show that
2bc
(i) sin α + sin β = 2 2
a +b
c2 − a2
(ii) sin α .sin β = 2 2
a +b
π 3π 5π 7π 3
26. Prove that sin 4 + sin 4 + sin 4 + sin 4 =
8 8 8 8 2
3
27. Prove that cos 2 76o + cos 2 16o − cos 76o cos16o =
4
28. If sin x + sin y = a and cos x + cos y = b , find the value of
x+ y
(i) tan
2
29. For any α ∈ R , prove that
o o o 1
cos 2 (α − 45 ) + cos 2 (α + 15 ) − cos 2 (α − 15 ) =
2
π
30. Suppose (α − β ) is not an odd multiple of
, m is a non zero real number such that
2
sin (α − β ) 1 − m π  π 
m ≠ −1 and = . Then prove that tan  − α  = m.tan  + B 
cos (α − β ) 1 + m 4  4 

31. If A,B,C are angles of a triangle, prove that

(i) cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2C = −4cos A cos B cos C − 1

12
32. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that
A B C
(i) sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
33. If A + B + C = 90 o , then show that
(i) sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C = 1 − 2sin A sin B sin C
34. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle, then prove that
A B C A B C
sin 2 + sin 2 − sin 2 = 1 − 2cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
35. If a cos (θ + α ) = b cos (θ − α ) , cos θ ≠ 0, sin α ≠ 0 , then prove that
( a + b ) tan θ = ( a − b ) cot α
π  π 
36. Prove that tan A.tan  + A  tan  − A  = tan 3 A and deduce that
4  3 
o o o o
tan 6 tan 42 tan 66 tan 78 = 1
π
37. If α = , then prove that 16sin α sin 2α sin 3α sin 4α = 3 and
9
16 cos α cos 2α cos3α cos 4α = 1

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If A + B + C = 180o , then prove that

A B C  A B C
(i) cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = 2 1 + sin sin sin 
2 2 2  2 2 2
2. In triangle ABC, prove that
A B C π−A π −B π −C
(i) cos + cos + cos = 4cos cos cos
2 2 2 4 4 4
A B C π −A π − B π −C
(ii) sin + sin − sin = 1 + 4 cos cos sin
2 2 2 4 4 4
o
3. If A + B + C = 360 , then prove that
cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2C + cos 2 D = 4cos ( A + B ) cos ( A + C ) cos ( A + D )
4. If A + B + C = 2 S , then prove that
S−A S−B C
(i) sin ( S − A ) + cos ( S − B ) + cos C = −1 + 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
5. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that
A B C π −A π −B π −C
sin + sin + sin = 1 + 4sin , sin , sin
2 2 2 4 4 4
6. If A + B + C = 2S , then prove that
A B C
cos ( S − A ) + cos ( S − B ) + cos ( S − C ) + cos S = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2

13
 6. TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Solve the following equations

5 +1
(i) cos 2θ = ,θ ∈ [ 0, 2π ]
4
3
(ii) cos 2 θ = ,θ ∈ [ 0, π ]
4
2. Find the general solution of the following equation
(i) 5cos 2 θ + 7 sin 2 θ = 6
3. Find the general solution of the following equation
3 −1
(i) sin θ = , cos θ =
2 2

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Solve the following equation and write general solution

(
(i) 4 cos 2 θ + 3 = 2 3 + 1 cos θ)
2π 3
2. If x + y = and sin x + sin y = , find x and y
3 2
3. Solve the following and write the general solution
(i) sin 7θ + sin 4θ + sin θ = 0
(ii) sin x + 3 cos x = 2
4. Solve the following equation
(i) tan θ + sec θ = 3, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
5. Solve sin x + sin 2 x + sin 3x = cos x + cos 2 x + cos3x
6. If sin 3x + sin x + 2 cos x = sin 2 x + 2 cos 2 x , find the general solution
7. Solve the equation 6 − cos x + 7 sin 2 x + cos x = 0
1
8. If tan x = tan x + and x ∈ [ 0, 2π ] find the values of x .
cos x
9. If x is acute and sin ( x + 10o ) = cos ( 3 x − 68o ) find x .
10. Solve 1 + sin 2 θ = 3sin θ cos θ
11. If θ1 ,θ 2 are solutions of the equation a cos 2θ + b sin 2θ = c ,
tan θ1 ≠ tan θ2 and a + c ≠ 0 then find the values of
(i) tan θ1 + tan θ 2 (ii) tan θ1.tan θ 2
1
12. If 0 < θ < π , solve cos θ .cos 2θ .cos 3θ =
4
π  π  1
13. If cos x cos  + x  .cos  − x  = , x ∈ [ 0, 6π ] , then find the sum of all the solutions of the
3  3  4
equations.
 π
14. Solve the equation sin 7θ + sin 4θ + sin θ = 0  0 ≤ θ ≤ 
 2

14
15. If a cos 2θ + b sin 2θ = c has solutions θ1 and θ 2 such that tan θ1 ≠ tan θ 2 and if a + c ≠ 0 , then
b
prove that tan (θ1 + θ 2 ) =
a
π  π   π 1
16. If tan  sin θ  = cot  cos θ  , then prove that sin  θ +  = ±
2  2   4 2
17. Solve the equation tan x + tan 2 x + tan 3x = 0

7. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Evaluate the following

 3
(i) Sin −1  − 
 2 
(iv) (
Cot −1 − 3 )
2. Evaluate the following
π  − 3 
(i) sin  − Sin −1   
2
  2 
3. Find the values of
 4
(i) sin  2 Sin −1 
 3
4. Find the values of the following
 1  3
(i) Sin −1  −  (ii) Cos −1  − 
 2  2 
5. Find the values of the following
 4π   4π 
(i) Sin −1  sin  (ii) Tan −1  tan 
 3   3 
6. Find the values of the following
  2  2 
(i) cos  Cos −1  −  − Sin −1    (ii) sec2 ( Cot −1 3 ) + cos ec 2 ( Tan −1 2 )
  3  3 

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Prove that
3 12 33
(i) Sin −1 + Cos −1 = Cos −1
5 13 65

2. Find the values of

 3 12 
(i) sin  Cos −1 + Cos −1 
 5 13 
3. Show that sec2 ( Tan −1 2 ) + cos ec 2 ( Cot −1 2 ) = 10

15
4. Prove that
1 1 1 π
(i) Tan −1+ Tan −1 + Tan −1 =
2 5 8 4
1 1 201
(ii) Tan −1 + Tan −1 = Cot −1 + Cot −1 (18)
7 8 43
π 1 a π 1 a  2b
6. Prove that tan  + Cos −1  + tan  − Cos −1  =
4 2 b 4 2 b a
7. Solve for x :
(i) Sin −1 (1 − x ) + Sin −1 x = Cos −1 x
 1 
(ii) sin  Sin −1 + C os −1 x  = 1
 5 
8. Prove that
3 5  323 
(i) 2 Sin −1   − Cos −1 = Cos −1  
5 13  325 
4 1 π
(ii) Sin −1 + 2Tan −1 =
5 3 2

9. If Cos −1 p + Cos −1q + Cos −1r = π , then prove that p 2 + q 2 + r 2 + 2 pqr = 1

−1  1 − q
 2
2p −1 2 x p−q
10. If Sin −1 − Cos  = Tan , then prove that x =
1+ p2  1+ q

2
1− x 2
1 + pq
−1 −1 −1
11. If Sin x + Sin y + Sin z = π , then prove that
x 1 − x 2 + y 1 − y 2 + z 1 − z 2 = 2 xyz
12. (i) If Tan −1 x + Tan −1 y + Tan −1 z = π , then prove that x + y + z = xyz
π
(ii) If Tan −1 x + Tan −1 y + Tan −1 z = , then prove that xy + yz + zx = 1
2
13. Solve the following equation for x .
2
2x −1 1 − x 2x π
(i) 3Sin −1 2
− 4 Cos 2
+ 2Tan −1 2
=
1+ x 1+ x 1− x 3
 1  1
(ii) tan  arc cos  = sin  arc cot  , x ≠ 0
 x  2
 x+ y 
14. If x < 0, y < 0 and xy < 1 , then Tan −1 x + Tan −1 y = Tan −1  
 1 − xy 
4 7 117
15. Prove that Sin −1 + Sin −1 = Sin −1
5 25 125
4 5  16  π
16. Prove that Sin −1 + Sin −1 + Sin −1   =
5 13  25  2
4 1 π
17. Prove that Sin −1 + 2Tan −1 =
5 3 2
−1 −1 −1
18. If Sin x + Sin y + Sin z = π , then prove that
x4 + y 4 + z4 + 4x 2 y 2 z 2 = 2 ( x2 y 2 + y2 z2 + z 2 x2 )
P q p 2 2 pq q2
19. If Cos −1 + Cos −1 = α , then prove that 2 − .cos α + 2 = sin 2 α
a b a ab b
2
x +1
20. Prove that cos Tan −1 sin ( Cot −1 x )  =
{ }
  x2 + 2

16
 34 π
21. Prove that arc arc sec + arc cos ec 17 =
5 4
22. If x ∈ [ 0,1) , then prove that
1 2x 1 −1 1 − x 
2
2x
tan  Sin −1 2
+ Cos 2 
=
2 1+ x 2 1 + x  1 − x2
2π
23. Find the number of ordered pairs ( x, y ) satisfying the equations Sin −1 x + Sin −1 y = and
3
π
Cos −1 x − Cos −1 y = .
3
8
24. Solve : Tan −1 ( x + 1) + Tan −1 ( x − 1) = Tan −1
31

8. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

3
1. If sinh x = , find cosh ( 2x ) and sinh ( 2x )
4
n
2. Prove that (i) ( cosh x − sinh x ) = cosh ( nx ) − sinh ( nx ) , for any n ∈ R
tanh x tanh x
3. Prove that + = −2 cos echx for x ≠ 0
sec hx − 1 sec hx + 1
4. For any x ∈ R , Prove that cosh 4 x − sinh 4 x = cosh ( 2 x )
5. For x, y ∈ R prove that
(i) sinh ( x + y ) = sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y
(ii) cosh ( x + y ) = cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y
6. (
For any x ∈ R prove that sinh −1 x = log e x + x 2 + 1 )
5
7. If cosh x = , find the values of (i) cosh ( 2x ) and (ii) sinh ( 2x )
2
 −π π   π 
8. If θ ∈  ,  and x = log e  cot  + θ   , then prove that
 4 4    4 
(i) cosh x = sec 2θ and (ii) sinh x = − tan 2θ
9. (
If sinh x = 5 , show that x = log e 5 + 26 )
1 1
10. Show that tanh −1   = log e 3
2 2
1 1 5
11. If tanh x = , then prove that x = + log e  
4 2 3

9. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If a = 2 cms., b = 3 cms., c = 4 cms, then find cos A.

2. If the angles are in the ration 1 : 5 : 6, then find the ratio of its sides

17
3. Prove that ( b − a cos C ) sin A = a cos A sin C
C B
4. Show that b cos 2 + c cos 2 = s
2 2
5. In ∆ ABC , prove that r1 + r2 + r3 − r = 4 R
6. In ∆ ABC , if ( a + b + c )( b + c − a ) = 3bc find A
7. In ∆ ABC , show that ∑ ( b + c ) cos A = 2s
b 2 − c 2 sin ( B − C )
8. In ∆ ABC , show that =
a2 sin ( B + C )
9. Show that b 2 sin 2C + c 2 sin 2 B = 2bc sin A

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

sin ( B − C )
1. Prove that ∑a 2

sin B + sin C
=0

a cos A b cos B c cos C

2. Prove that + = + = +
bc a ca b ab c
o
3. If C = 60 , then show that
a b
(i) + =1
b+c c+a
b a
(ii) 2 2
+ 2 =0
c −a c − b2
4. In ∆ ABC , prove that r + r1 + r2 − r3 = 4 R cos C
2∆
5. Show that a cos A + b cos B + c cos C =
R
6. Prove that ( r1 + r2 )( r2 + r3 )( r3 + r1 ) = 4 Rs 2

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

A B C s2
1. Prove that cot + cot + cot =
2 2 2 ∆
2. For any angle θ , show that a cos θ = b cos ( C + θ ) + c cos ( B − θ )
3. If cos A + cos B + cos = 3/ 2 , then show that the triangle is equilateral
A B C
4. If cot , cot , cot are in A.P., then prove that a, b, c are in A.P.,
2 2 2
 1 1  1 1   1 1  abc 4 R
5. Prove that  −  −   −  = 3 = 2 2
 r r1  r r2  r r3  ∆ r s
r
6. Show that cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +
R
7. If P1 , P2 , P3 are altitudes drawn from vertices A,B,C to the opposite sides of a triangle respectively,
then show that
2

(i)
1 1 1 1
+ + = (ii) PP P =
( abc )
=
8∆ 3
1 2 3
P1 P2 P3 r 8R 3 abc
65 21
8. If a = 13, b = 14, c = 15 , show that R = , r = 4, r1 = , r2 = 12 and r3 = 14
8 2

18
9. If r1 = 2, r2 = 3, r3 = 6 and r = 1 , Prove that a = 3, b = 3 and c = 5
 B −C  b−c A
10. In ∆ABC , prove that tan  = cot
 2  b+c 2
abc
11. Show that a 2 cot A + b 2 cot B + c 2 cot C =
R
1 1 3
12. In ∆ABC , if + = , show that C = 60o
a+c b+c a+b+c
a 2 + b2 + c 2
13. Prove that cot A + cot B + cot C =
4∆
14. Prove that a 3 cos ( B − C ) + b3 cos ( C − A ) + c 3 cos ( A − B ) = 3abc
15. If p1 , p2 , p3 are the altitudes of the vertices A, B, C of a triangle respectively, show that
1 1 1 cot A + cot B + cot C
2
+ 2+ 2 =
p1 p2 p3 ∆
r r r 1 1
16. Show that 1 + 2 + 3 = −
bc ca ab r 2 R

19