DIESEL

ELECTRIC
Power Plant Calingasan
February 24, 2023 Presentation by Cantara
Caringal
 INTRODUCTION
Diesel electric power plant is a power plant in which a
diesel engine is used as the prime mover for the
generation of electrical energy. The diesel engine
obtains energy from a liquid fuel usually called the
diesel oil and converts it into mechanical energy. An
alternator or a dc generator mechani­cally coupled to
the diesel engine converts the mechanical energy into
electrical energy.
 DIESEL ELECTRIC
POWERPLANT LAYOUT
SELECTION OF SITE FOR ELECTRIC DIESEL
POWERPLANT
Distance from the load centre – The site should be as near to the
load centre as possible in order to avoid transmission costs and
losses.
Availability of land – The land should be available at cheap rate to
keep the capital cost of the plant to the reasonable one.
Availability of fuel – The fuel should be easily avail­able and at
reasonable rate.
SELECTION OF SITE FOR ELECTRIC DIESEL
POWERPLANT
Availability of transportation facilities – The trans­portation
facilities should be available.
Availability of water – Water should be available in sufficient
quantity for cooling purposes.
Distance from populated area – The site should be away from
thickly populated area because of noise and nuisance caused
from exhaust.
 LAYOUT OF DIESEL
POWERPLANT
Diesel Engine Fuel System Cooling System

Air Filter and Super

Lubrication System Governing System
Charger

Engine Starting
Exhaust System
System
 DIESEL ENGINE
A diesel engine is the main component of a diesel power plant. It is
used to generate mechanical power in form of rotation energy with
the help of the combustion of diesel. An alternator is connected to
the same shaft as the diesel engine.

There are two types of diesel engines;

Two-stroke engines
Four-stroke engines

TWO VS FOUR STROKE ENGINE

In two-stroke engines, every revolution of the crankshaft, one power
stroke is developed. And in four-stroke engines, one power stroke is
developed every two revolutions of the crankshaft.

Compared to four-stroke engines, two-stroke engines have a low

weight-to-power ratio, are more compact, easy to start, and have
low capital cost. But the thermodynamic efficiency of a two-stroke
engine is less compared to four-stroke engines. Two-stroke engines
require more cooling water and consume more lubricants.

TWO VS FOUR STROKE ENGINE

Four-stroke engines are more preferred over two-stroke engines for the
application of small-scale generation and DG sets. And for large-scale
production, two-stroke engines are preferred. The required capacity of a diesel
power plant can be calculated by the below equation.

Capacity of Plant = (Connected Load × Demand Factor) / (Diversity Factor)

The diesel engine power plant below 3 MW capacity is used as standby plants
and 3 to 25 MW plants are used as baseload plants. Generally, in this type of
plant, four-stroke engines are used. The plants used for baseload plants have a
capacity of above 10 MW capacity and for these plants, two strokes engines are
used.

ENGINE STARTING SYSTEM

Diesel engine used in diesel power plants is
not self starting. Engine starting system
includes air compressor and starting air tank.
This is used to start the engine in cold
conditions by supplying the air.
 AIR FILTER AND
SUPERCHARGER
The air filter is used to remove the dust from the air which is taken
by the engine. Air filters may be of dry type, which is made up of
felt, wool or cloth. In oil bath type of filters, the air is swept over a
bath of oil so that dust particles get coated. The function of the
supercharger is to increase the pressure of the air supplied to the
engine and thereby the power of the engine is increased.
 FUEL SYSTEM
It includes the storage tank, fuel pump, fuel transfer pump, strainers
and heaters. Pump draws diesel from the storage tank and supplies it to
the small day tank through the filter. Day tank supplies the daily fuel
need for the engine. The day tank is usually placed high so that diesel
flows to engine under gravity.
Diesel is again filtered before being injected into the engine by the fuel
injection pump.
 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM
• Filter the fuel
• Meter the correct quantity of the fuel to be injected
• Time the injection process
• Regulate the fuel supply
• Secure fine atomization of fuel oil
• Distribute the atomized fuel properly in the combustion; chamber.

The fuel is supplied to the engine according to the load on the plant.
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM
It includes oil pumps, oil tanks, coolers and pipes. It is used to
reduce the friction of moving parts and reduce wear and tear of
the engine parts such as cylinder walls and piston. Lubrication
oil which gets heated due to the friction of the moving parts is
cooled before re-circulation.

In the lubrication system the oil is pumped from the lubricating

oil tank through the oil cooler where the oil is cooled by the cold
water entering the engine. The hot oil after cooling the moving
parts return to the lubricating oil tank.

 COOLING SYSTEM
The temperature of the burning fuel inside the engine cylinder is in the
order of 1500 0 C to 2000 0 C. In order to lower this temperature, water
is circulated around the engine. The water envelopes (water jacket) the
engine, the heat from the cylinder, piston, combustion chamber etc, is
carried by the circulating water. The hot water leaving the jacket is
passed through the heat exchanger. The heat from the heat exchanger
is carried away by the raw water circulated through the heat exchanger
and is cooled in the cooling tower.
 GOVERNING SYSTEM
It is used to regulate the speed of the
engine. This is done by varying the fuel
supply according to the engine load.
 EXHAUST SYSTEM
The exhaust gases coming out of the engine
is very noisy. In order to reduce the noise a
silencer (muffler) is used.
 APPLICATIONS OF
DIESEL PLANT IN
POWER FIELD
PEAK LOAD MOBILE PLANT
PLANT
Diesel plants can be used in
Diesel plants mounted on trailers can
combination with thermal or hydro-
be used for temporary or emergency
plants as peak load units. They can be
purposes such as for supplying power
easily started or stopped at a short
to large civil engineering works.
notice to meet the peak demand.
 APPLICATIONS OF
DIESEL PLANT IN
POWER FIELD
STANDBY UNIT EMERGENCY
If the main unit fails or cannot cope up with the
PLANT
demand, a diesel plant can supply the necessary During power interruption in a vital
power. For example, if water available in a hydro- unit like a key industrial plant or a
plant is not adequately available due to less hospital, a diesel electric plant can be
rainfall, the diesel station can operate in parallel used to generate the needed power.
to generate the short fall in power.
 APPLICATIONS OF
DIESEL PLANT IN
POWER FIELD
NURSERY STATION STARTING STATIONS
In the absence of main grid, a diesel plant can be Diesel units can be used to run the
installed to supply power in a small town. In auxiliaries (like FD and ID fans, BFP,
course of time, when electricity from the main etc.) for starting a large steam power
grid becomes available in the town, the diesel plant.
unit can be shifted to some other area which
needs power on a small scale. Such a diesel plant
is called a “nursery station”.
APPLICATIONS OF
DIESEL PLANT IN
POWER FIELD
CENTRAL STATIONS
Diesel electric plants can be used as
central station where the capacity
required is small

FORMULA RUNDOWN
OF PERFORMANCE OF
DIESEL POWER
PLANT
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 ADVANTAGES
It can start and stop quickly This plant can be located at It does not require more
when required any place and it is easy to space.
install for a small capacity

power plant.

 ADVANTAGES
For varying loads, this plant The water is required only for
responds quickly. cooling purposes. So, a very
little quantity of water is
required.
The thermal efficiency of this
plant is higher than a steam
power plant.

 ADVANTAGES
The diesel power plant can Less manpower is required. It can burn a wide range of
be efficiently used up to 100
fuel and fewer fire chances.
MW.

 DISADVANTAGES
The generation cost per unit
is very high. As the operation
of this plant depends on the
price of diesel. And diesel
prices are high.
The capacity of a diesel It creates noise pollution and
power plant is less compared carbon pollution by the
to a steam power plant and combustion of diesel.
hydroelectric power plant.

 DISADVANTAGES
It requires high maintenance This plant is not capable to The life of this plant is less
and lubrication costs. meet continuous overload compared to other power
demand. plants.
PROBLEM SOLVING
PROBLEM SOLVING
PROBLEM SOLVING
PROBLEM SOLVING
PROBLEM SOLVING
PROBLEM SOLVING
THANK YOU
SO MUCH!
Calingasan
February 24, 2023 Presentation by Cantara
Caringal