ELECTRICAL

GENSET AND CONSUMPTION

WHAT IS GENSET

A genset, also known as a generator set, is a portable power supply source that consists of an
engine and a generator. Gensets offer a convenient and efficient means of providing electricity
without requiring access to the power grid, and you can choose to use a diesel generator or gas
generator. Gensets also serve as backup power sources anywhere from worksites to homes to
businesses and schools, generating electricity to provide power to run equipment such as
household appliances and construction equipment or to keep critical systems in operation in case
of power outages.

A genset differs from a generator, although the terms generator, genset, and electric generator are
often used interchangeably. A generator is actually a component of a genset—more specifically, a
generator is the mechanism that converts energy into electrical power, while a genset is the
engine that drives the generator to power the equipment.

COMPONENTS OF A GENSET

01. Frame-The frame—or base frame—supports the generator and holds the components
together.

02. Fuel system-The fuel system consists of fuel tanks and hoses that send fuel to the engine.
You can use diesel fuel or gas depending on whether you’re using a diesel genset or one that runs
on gas.

03. Engine/motor-The fuel system consists of fuel tanks and hoses that send fuel to the engine.
You can use diesel fuel or gas depending on whether you’re using a diesel genset or one that runs
on gas

04. Exhaust system-The exhaust system collects gases from engine cylinders and releases them
as quickly and silently as possible.

05. Voltage regulator-A voltage regulator is used to ensure a generator’s voltage levels remain
constant, rather than fluctuate.

06. Alternator-Another key component—without it, you have no power generation—the

alternator converts mechanical energy into electricity.

07. Battery charger-Perhaps self-explanatory, the battery charger “trickle charges” your
generator’s battery to ensure it is always full.

08. Control panel-Consider the control panel the brains of the operation because it controls and
regulates all the other components.
HOW DO GENERATORS WORKS

-The engine converts the energy from fuel to mechanical energy.

- The alternator uses that mechanical energy to spin, thus converting mechanical energy to
electrical energy.

-The spinning action creates a voltage in the magnetic field between the two parts of the
alternator, the rotor and the stator. This is called electromagnetic induction.

- Power is produced when the stator is connected to a load, which causes the flow of electricity.
Generators can be run through several different fuel systems such as diesel, natural gas, or solar.

WHERE GENSET ARE USE

Because gensets are convenient, portable, fuel-efficient, and reliable sources of electrical power,
they can be found in a variety of locations and sites where power is required. Here are just a few
examples of where gensets can be used.

Hospitals and Medical Centers, Homes or Residential Building, Construction Sites, Event,
Campsites, Data Centers, Refrigerated Container, High Rise Building, Commercial Building,
Mall

VARIETY OF GENSET

Gasoline Gensets-This is the most popular variety because gasoline is available easily. Gensets
that run on gas are also affordable and portable. The drawback of these gensets is that they don’t
last long and their fuel consumption is insufficient.

Diesel Gensets-Diesel-powered engines are more powerful than gasoline-powered ones. Diesel is
also less flammable than gasoline and is available easily. With the right maintenance, diesel
gensets can run for a while. The main drawback of diesel is that it goes bad after two years.
Diesel engines also damage the environment by releasing heavy emissions.

Bio Diesel Gensets-Biodiesel is a mixture of diesel and biological sources, like vegetable oil or
animal fat. This diesel emits low petroleum fumes, and it is safe for the environment, creating a
much smaller fossil fuel footprint and less wastage. A major drawback is noise, as these engines
produce high-pitched sounds.

Low Emission Gensets-There are also low-emission gensets in the market powered by solar
energy, propane, and natural gas.
LOW EMISSION OF GENSET

Propane: Cleanly burns, has a long shelf life, but is very flammable. The cost of installation is
high. Propane gensets also burn three times more fuel than diesel-powered gensets.

Natural Gas: Affordable and easily available, it can come right from the shale reserves, which
means you won’t have to refill it. The drawback is that natural gas-powered gensets are not
portable, and their installation cost is high.

Solar: Solar gensets are powered by sunlight, so the fossil fuel footprint for this Genset does not
exist. Operating this Genset is straightforward. The drawback is a limited supply of energy; the
charge takes a while and has fuel supply issues if not properly charged.

TYPE OF GENERATOR SET

Standby Generator

This is an electrical system that comes with an automatic transfer switch. The switch can power
up equipment or devices during a power loss. These are the characteristics of this generator:

- It can operate automatically.

- Provides power protection that is permanent.

- Has two main components: a transfer switch and a standby generator.

-Can operate on natural gas or propane.

-Use a combustion engine.

-Can sense a loss of power in seconds and increases the electrical supply immediately.

- Can execute self-tests on a weekly basis to assess its performance.

- Monitors utility power regularly.

-Typically installed in safety systems such as life support equipment, fire protection, and standby
lighting.
Portable Generator

This generator is typically powered by diesel and can temporarily provide electricity. Some
characteristics of this generator:

Uses a combustion engine to supply electricity.

It can be plugged into sockets or other electrical appliances.

It can be wired into panels.

Perfect for remote areas.

Can power refrigerators, televisions, and freezers.

The engine runs at 3600 rpm to produce a standard current of 60hz.

Inverter Generator

AC inverters operate with the help of an engine that connects to an alternator and produces an
alternate current. This generator also uses a rectifier to convert AC into DC power. These are the
characteristics of this generator:

Comes with high-tech magnets.

Goes through three phases to produce electrical power.

Converts AC into DC current and then inverts it back to AC.

Is energy-efficient, and the engine’s speed adjusts on its own, depending on the power needed.
AC can be set to any voltage or frequency when used to power equipment.

It’s lightweight and compact.

It can fit into an RV, boat, or car.

HOW TO CHOOSE POWER GENERATOR FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING

Setting principles of diesel generators

The design of power supply in high-rise buildings, firstly must ensure under what
situations should install diesel generators. Let's start with the load of high-rise buildings
and so on.

The load should be shared by two power sources.

When there is a suitable choice, second load also is powered by two return circuits,
especially for the second load of fire power supply, it should supply power according to
the requirements of the two loops of the second load. It can be seen that high-rise
buildings require high reliability of power supply, which requires two power supply

Capacity selection of diesel generator sets

In generally choose 20kw to 2400kw. There are many brands: Cummins, Volvo, Perkins,
Deutz, Doosan, Ricardo, Shangchai, Yuchai, Weichai etc. If you do not know to choose
which brand, we can recommend one for you according to your requirements.

Selection of diesel generator set type

There are three starting modes for diesel engine:

A. Manual starting mode. It means that start up diesel genset by hand.

B. Electric starting mode. Using motor as power and driving crankshaft by

transmission mechanism, the diesel genset can be started. The power used for
electric starting is battery, and the voltage is generally 24V. This type is the most
used.

C. Compressed air starting mode. The compressed air into the cylinder
of the diesel engine, using its pressure to drive the piston, so that the
crankshaft of the diesel engine rotates, when the fixed speed is reached,
stop air, and inject fuel into the combustion chamber, the diesel engine can
be started. When the automatic signal is used to control the starting motor
or the compressed air valve, and measures are taken for the lubrication
system and cooling system, the diesel generator can start itself.

Diesel generators speed- Diesel generating sets are classified into three categories
according to speed: high, medium and low. High-speed (> 1000 rpm); medium speed (>
300-1000 rpm); low speed (> 300 rpm). High-speed units with rotational speeds of 1000-
1500 RPM should be selected in high-rise buildings, this kind of generator has the
advantages of small size, light weight and reliable operation.
 Cooling way- During diesel engine working, due to the combustion of diesel oil produces
high temperature, in order to ensure that the heating parts and supercharger shell of diesel
engine are not affected by high temperature, and to ensure the lubrication of each
working face, it is necessary to cool the heating part.

Excitation system -Excitation system is the main component of generator. There are
many kinds of excitation devices. Brushless automatic excitation devices are usually
chosen in high-rise buildings. The advantage of this excitation method is that when used
in conjunction with the automatic voltage regulator, the static voltage regulation rate can
be guaranteed to be within +2.5%. This type of generator can adapt to various operation
modes, and is easy to realize the automation of the unit or remote control of the
generating set.

COMPUTATION OF GENSET

OCPD SIZING
FEEDER SIZE

GROUNDING ELECTRODE CONDUCTOR SIZING

DIESEL GENERATOR FUEL CONSUMPTION CHART (IN GALLONS &

LITRES)
GENERAL LIGHTING AND POWER

ELECTRICAL LAYOUT

Floor plan showing the location of equipment and devices, and their interconnection
wiring.

LAYOUT AND WIRING PLANS FOR POWER ON THE FLOOR PLANS

DRAWN TO SCALE, SHALL SHOW:
 RISER DIAGRAM

An electrical riser diagram is a schematic illustration of the electrical system of a building

or facility, showing the distribution of power and lighting circuits from the source of
supply to various loads and equipment throughout the building. The diagram typically
starts at the main electrical service entrance and follows the distribution of circuits
throughout the building, indicating the location and type of circuit-breakers, switches,
outlets, and lighting fixtures. The electrical riser diagram also serves as a reference for
building owners, maintenance personnel, and electricians for future troubleshooting and
repair of the electrical system.

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

We usually depict the electrical distribution system by a graphic representation called a single
line diagram (SLD). A single line can show all or part of a system. It is very versatile and
comprehensive because it can depict very simple DC circuits, or a very complicated three-phase
system
 LEGENDS AND SYMBOLS

SCHEDULE OF LOADS
REFERENCES:
Philippine Electrical Code 2017 Part 1/Chapter 1. General/Article 1.3 - Electrical Plans And
Specifications - Filipino Engineer Wiki

Benchmarking Commercial Building Energy Use Per Square Foot | Iota

(iotacommunications.com)

What Is a Genset and How Is It Used? | BigRentz

Genset vs Generators – A Comparison (jkbattery.com)

10 Benefits of having a power generator set – Genesal Energy