1) Introduction, Merits and Demerits of DPP, Selection site of DPP, Working

of DPP?

ANS) The diesel engine power plant generates the electrical energy with the help of diesel
engine which drives the generator. This power plant is generally compact and be installed
where it is required. The capacity of diesel engine power plant may range from a few KW to
50 MW or more. The capacity augmentation may be done by installing more diesel engine
power plant modules.

Diesel engine is more efficient than other heat engine of comparable size and it uses fuel
that is cheaper than petrol. Diesel engines are used in rail road locomotives, road building
and farm machinery, electric generator for small supply units, etc.

The conventional power plants (thermal, nuclear, and hydroelectric) are attractive under
certain conditions and are rivals to diesel engine power plants. Gas turbine power plant is
also superior to diesel engine power plant where fuel is very cheap .

Merits

1 It is easy to design and install diesel engine power plant.

2 Layout of diesel engine power plant is quite simple.

3 It can be commissioned in less time.

4 It can be started and stopped quickly.

5 It does not require warming period and standby losses are less.

6 It can respond to varying loads without any difficulty.

7 The cooling water requirement is less.

8 For small capacity, it is more efficient as compared to steam power plant.

9 Efficiency at part load is higher.

10 Low initial cost.

11 Less supervision is required.

Demerits
1 Higher generation cost per KW.

2 High operating cost since in India diesel is costly.

3 High maintenance and lubrication cost.

4 The life of diesel engine power plant is less.

5 The efficiency deteriorates with life.

6 Noise is more.

7 Release of harmful gases and waste.

Selection of Site for Diesel Electric Power Plant:

The following factors should be considered while selecting a site for diesel electric power
plant:

I. Distance from the load centre – The site should be as near to the load centre as possible in
order to avoid transmission costs and losses.

II. Availability of land – The land should be available at cheap rate to keep the capital cost of
the plant to the reasonable one.

III. Availability of fuel – The fuel should be easily available and at reasonable rate.

IV. Availability of transportation facilities – The transportation facilities should be available.

V. Availability of water – Water should be available in sufficient quantity for cooling

purposes.

VI. Distance from populated area – The site should be away from thickly populated area
because of noise and nuisance caused from exhaust.

VII. Type of land – The land should be of high bearing capacity to withstand the load of the
plant and also vibrations transmitted to the foundations from compressors and diesel
engines.
Operation of DIESEL POWERPLANT:

Fuel Supply System

In fuel supply system there are one storage tank strainers, fuel transfer pump and
all day fuel tank. Storage tank where oil in stored.
Strainer : This oil then pump to dry tank, by means of transfer pump.
During transferring from main tank to smaller dry tank, the oil passes through
strainer to remove solid impurities. From dry tank to main tank, there is another
pipe connection. This is over flow pipe. This pipe connection is used to return the
oil from dry tank to main tank in the event of over flowing.
From dry tank the oil is injected in the diesel engine by means of fuel injection
pump.

Air Intake System

This system supplies necessary air to the engine for fuel combustion. It consists of
a pipe for supplying of fresh air to the engine. Filters are provided to remove dust
particles from air because these particles can act as an abrasive in the engine
cylinder.

2) Introduction, Merits and Demerits of GPP, Selection site of GPP, Working

of GPP?

ANS) Gas Turbine Power Plant

Gas Turbines are used in electrical power generation, propulsion, and compressorand pump
drives. The tavourable power output to weight ratio of gas turbines makes them well suited
for transport applications such as aircraft propulsion.marine power plants, etc. Gas turbine
(G) power plants tend to be lighterand more compact than the steam turbine based power
plants. In a GT powerplant, power 1s generated by expanding high temperature and
pressure gas(air, inert gas or burnt gases) through the several rings of fixed and
movingblades of a gas turbine. A gas turbine resembles a steam turbine. The mostefficient
powergeneration systems in commerCial service are combined gasturbine-steam turbine
power plants with power to fuel energy efficiencies ofmore than 54% based on higher
heating value basis.

In a GT power plant, the working gas is compressed continuously to a highpressure (4 to 10

bar) in a compressor. Compressor is driven by gas turbineand compressor shaft 1s coupled
to the turbine shaft. A centrifugal or an axialcompressor is employed because large volume
of the working gas is requiredDe handled. The temperature of the compressed working gas
leaVing the
COmpressor is increased by adding heat, either directly in a combustion chambert 1s air or
indirectly in a heat exchanger. GT power plant can utilize O1,aural gas, coal gas, producer
gas, and pulverized coal as a fuel tor netOnBased on heat addition (directly or indirectly),
the GT power plantmay be classified into open cycle GT power plant and closed cyle Gl
powerplant.

MERITS
1. It is quick in starting and stopping Once the turbine is brought uup to the rated speed by
the starting motor and the fuel is ignited, theturbine will be accelerated from cold start to
full load without waatnup time. That is why a GT power plant is also used as a peak load
power plant.

2. It has fast response to load changes.

3. The weight of the plant per kW output is less. More power outputto weight ratio of gas
turbines makes them well suited tor transportapplications such as aircraft propulsion,
marine power plants, ete. Furthertor a given capacity, floor space required for installation is
less.

4. The GT power plants are available in standard sizes and the capitalcost per kW is less.

5. Less 1nstallation time is required and installation cost is much lesscompared to a

thernmal (steam) power plant. The plant comes from theSupplier to the site, almost fully
assembled.

6. The gas turbines operate at temperatures (1000 to 1200°C) above thelimit of turbine
materials by using blades and vanes with complexinternal cooling passages. Thus, the
thermal efficiency is high.

7. Further higher efficiency is achieved by operating GT power plantin combined cycle mode
with steam power plant. Besides the higherefficiency, this combined plant also has low
investment costs, operatng flexibility, and low environmental impactoil and pulverized coal,
can be used.water. Therefore, the plant can be installed where water is not avall

8. Almost any hydrocarbon fuel, from high octane gasoline to heavy diesel

9. A gas turbine power plant (open cycle) does not require much coostablein ample
quantity.

2 Disadvantages
1.The part load etficiency of the open cycle GT power plant. decreases rapidly because the
considerable percentagepower developed by the turbine is used to drive the compresso

2. GT power plant is sensitive to the component eficiency; particularlthat of the compressor.

3. GT power plant is sensitive to the changes in the ambient condition.

4. The open cycle GT power plant has high air flow rate in order to limitthe maximum GT
inlet temperature. Therefore, it results in increasedloss of heat in the exhaust gases if waste
heat is not utilized.

5. The open cycle GT power plant requires air and gas filters of very high quality to prevent
erosion and corrosion of turbine blades.

SITE SELECTION OF GPP:

1. Distance from Load Centre:

The site should be as near to the load centre as possible so that the transmission costs and
losses are minimised.

2. Availability of Land:
The land should be available at cheap rate in order to keep the capital cost of the plant low.

3. Availability of Fuel:
The fuel should be easily available and at reasonable rate.

4. Availability of Transportation Facilities:

The transportation facilities should be available.

5. Distance from Populated Area:

The site should be away from thickly populated area because of noisy operation.

6. Type of Land:
The land should be of high bearing capacity to withstand the load of the plant and also the
vibrations transmitted to the foundations from compressors and turbines.

Operation and Control of Gas Turbine Power Plants:

Gas turbines are not self-starting and do not become self-sustaining until they attain around
50% speed and therefore, need means to crank the unit to firing speed and to assist
acceleration after firing. Temperature control is also required to be provided to limit the

maximum temperature in order to prevent damage to the turbine. Turbines that normally
operate on bunker C oil must be started on diesel oil and transferred to bunker C at or
above idle speed.
The starting and stopping of gas turbine power plant needs a certain procedure, which has
to be properly controlled in correct sequence. This can be accomplished automatically.
Operation of master switch initiates the starting or stopping sequence, which then proceeds
automatically through the various steps required.