Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework is needed to understand why students are at risk of dropping out

of school, which considers the interdependence between various inputs, processes, and outputs.

(INPUTS SHOULD INCLUDE THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS).Processes refer to how these

inputs interact with the educational environment, including the quality of teaching, school

culture, and student engagement. Outputs can be measured by academic achievement, graduation

rates, and future career prospects. To address the issue of students dropping out, interventions

can target any of all of these components, including academic support, counseling, improving

school climate, and community engagement. By comprehending the intricate relationships

among inputs, processes, and outputs, educators and policymakers can develop effective

strategies to bolster at-risk students and ensure their long-term success.

(WHERE IS YOUR SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK)

Statement of the Problem

The high dropout rate among grade 11 students in Capt. Mariano L. Espera Jr. Memorial

National High School is a significant concern for educators and policymakers. According to a

study conducted by the Department of Education (DepEd) in 2020, the dropout rate among grade

11 students in Danao City is at 10%, which is significantly higher than the national average of

5.6% (DepEd, 2020) (TO BE INCLUDED IN RRL). This study is a qualitative approach which

aims to identify the causes of students at risk of dropping out and develop targeted interventions

to support these students.

Specifically, this study will seek answers to the following questions:

1. Why students drop out from school?

 2. What needs to be done in order to minimize the cases of student’s drop out?

3. What school programs and projects can be made to help students who are at risk of

dropping out?

Research Methodology

This study is a qualitative study. The data that will be collected will be presented in

narrative form. A separate survey questionnaire for each respondent will be prepared. This

survey questionnaire is a researcher-made and is purposely designed to gather answers from the

respondents pertaining to the posed research questions. This will be administered by letting the

respondents directly answer the questions or by conducting a structured interview on the

respondents.

Scope and Limitations

This study is to be conducted exclusively in Captain Mariano L. Espera Sr. MNHS. The

respondents are only those who are currently enrolled in the school for the school year 2022-

2023. The questionnaires to be used to gather data is a researcher-made only and is designed to

solicit ideas and perspectives from the respondents.

Research Locale

This research study is to be conducted in Captain Mariano L. Espera Sr. MNHS. This

school is Government owned school which is situated at the heart of Maslog, Danao City. This is
classified as a big school with a student population of around 1200 and a total of 51 teaching

personnel and school staff. The school is composed of Junior High School and Senior High

School Curriculum.

Research Respondents

This study is to be conducted in Captain Mariano L. Espera Sr. MNHS. Thirty percent

(30%) of the total Grade 11 students will be randomly selected as student’s respondents. Aside

from students, all teachers handling Grade 11 will also be requested to answer the researcher’s

questionnaires to solicit ideas from them.

Definition of Terms:

In order to have in-depth understanding in this study, significant terms are defined below:

At-Risk Students. Students who are likely to drop out from school.

Intervention. Activities and programs to be suggested based on the output of the study.

(Where is your bibliography/references)