The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia 

Learning
In face-to-face learning, we use our senses such as vision and hearing to create mental
representations of ideas and objects. Is distance learning different? In distance learning, we
use multimedia devices like computers and similar technological devices such as smart
phones. These technological devices can transfer information in a multimedia format which is
a mixture of sound, pictures, video, and writing.
Popularised by Professor Richard E. Mayer, The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
(CTML) addresses how to structure multimedia teaching practices and employ strategies to
help learn efficiently. It is based on the multimedia principle, the idea that people learn
better from words and pictures than words alone.
CTML hinges on three basic assumptions. The first assumption is that learning is mostly
achieved through audio-visual channel. We concentrate on words and pictures, and select
them. They then enter the working memory and are organised into a visual and verbal model.
The relevant second assumption is that we have a limited capacity to hold information in our
working memory, so we cannot take in large amounts of data at once. And lastly, these
models integrate with each other and incorporate into existing knowledge. The related third
idea assumes that we construct knowledge and achieve meaningful learning when we pay
attention, make sense of the material, and integrate it with prior knowledge.