SecondOrder linear ODE

highest order ofderivative is 2

j2 or n
y
jxz
Standard form of2ndorderODE Linear
m n k 1
Az dfflmta.FIYtAoyk gGc as a 9
constants
cannotinclude
y
functions of x
superposition princpal

let and are solutions

a y ta y aoy ga
ornonhomogeneousODE
y ya Homogeneous

of ay a y aoy 0 gecko it is homogeneousODE

g ay cyz GandG ga 40 it is nonhomogeneous
arearibriayconstants Homogenous linear ODEwith 2order

y isalso a solution azy ta tdog 0

y
ofazytaiyiaoy

oy
c.ly 1Czyz
a cyi't y2 a Gy16yd t AoGy cCzyz
alazy i aiyjaoy.ltCzazyitay's aoyz
0 0
Example
mum
o
y y ay
any it is nonlinear
y K ya1
y yt y x l
y 2 y's2x
LHS 2 sets xx 2x
240
ooo Generalsolution
of azy aytag o
gGgcCzyz
eg y y 12g o
e 2e4
y y

y ay Gg
c e 2cze
2Ezle
constant
arbitary

ee

generalsolution

y ay 1Czyz
y andyamust be linearlyindependent
constant 0linearly
independent

Yi Yz Ye
 YY try
u linearlydependent
goingbacktoexample
es
g e4 yz 2e
e
y y
12 2 e ok
y

general solution

g and
ayatczyz y CxfGuy
C
are linearly independent
y ya y
initial condition yCxo
yo
Particular solution
yal
yaco yo
yGio yo
e
g y yo
y ce the
yeol 6 y670 2 Initialconditions
yco7 geo ice 6
c icz 6
y Ge e e z
4 2
44
y 2e ye particularsolution

22 Reduction oforder
play'tqGdy o
y thas
been
y given
the generalsolution
Find

y ay 1 Czyz if we Yy UG

Yz y u
y zt pcxlyziqcxly.ro y Vytug
y uuy tug b'y by
byj'tpaltry t gtxCuy o y city pay tuGi't
1
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ipcxiyi
setv u
vu
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ipeiy.no
vy.tvayi
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my raypeay
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g
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2 orderlinearODE.su
2 v u
a y t a y aoy
ga ooo
vly.tv zyi pG4y o

constants
a a a O 2g p y
functionofx y
Homogenous and nonhomogeneous ftp.oxypa
i be
gG4 ugcxj
superposition prinopal
ucx
J dyY2yityp.CH dxtc
immurement
omYfy.ypa
Yagami
span
onlyhold for homogenous linear ope mispam
i v SP tyg xe
azy ay aoy o yeae as u
if y andya are solutions
y ay tay du Juda
G and G are arbitary constants y y Uy _y Jvdx
y is the solution aswell
if cz o y cy i v types forsimplicity eJP

f
if c o y Czyz

thissolutionhasa trivialsolution
1
y y0
Example
y
general solution H L 2nd
y ay 1cry
and
y cgs pGd g64 1
y ya arelinearly independent

Yy 7 constant yz Oy
we call y andya arebasis i u L edoo usa
I e kdoc
g
eg y y my o I d
g get'tc e dna 2 2
y Yz coax coax coax cosx
Yy ej constant e ucsc u Jvdoc
Jig
cosec
tanx
Reduction oforder
y t play'tqGcy o
y isgiven i.y c.co
uGc7y
yi u'y.tuyi
iczsifIyz i.yz uyi sionsx.co sinxx

i
y Uy Vy Uy 2 order
22 Homogenouslinear

one with constantcoefficient

vi uy.tuyiiuynltpeofiy.my
qu uy o
azy t a ytaoy o
collectterms
aza ao are constants
uy U 2g t play 1 u y paly't
qCxy o Fora firstorderlinear
y ay0
U y t v Gy paly o tay o
I May_doc
ax
y ce
 i

Try y et t 912 hirta set we 774

6
42 912 ki TE
y let y _Feta
d 92 1 w
azket a let aoe o 12 912 in
a d a I ao o a aib ao then substitue togeneralsolution
or a cnet.x c.es
is a 6 0
y aktiwfx
characteristicequation ecc czecahiwix
a.mx
Cc.eciwixtcze
e
I a F
2 Euler's formula
I 0,1 546
z wehavetwosolutions e cosxt2sinx
y a 46 eiwx coswx isin.ua
2 e in coscwxiis.isCwx
realroots coswx isinwx
I ata2
46_ case az 4620 handiz y e accoswxtisinocult coswx isinwx
2 case az46 0 1 12 1 e catcheoswa Cc a csinux
y
im i

complex
roots
caseloa2
4bionummmmmm Example
4g 25g o
412 25 0
X
d em
at 42 0
2
52
46
1 1 15
1 512
change to standardform
12 512

general solutioncanbewrittenas yntayitby

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oy a o 6 2514
eux
case or 46 0
y 1c e512 che 512
mummmunum
up yeol 2
4 912 yo o
based on thiswecanonlygetonesolutionbutto ce e
findthegeneral solution weneedtwo y
yeol c 14 2
y Kaeo C512 e
z o
y e e gay
ya Uy as u1 ge c Cz
y e ax.ly
t.e.e
thegeneral
xesou
solution is
YIme.azxyz
sis
svs
Partij IE
e c xc Exampley
y
y y to25g0 a
case of 4670
unnummmunn 12 1 025 0
t tIF
xixo.TL I
z z
2 e c Nz
a y
a CFi
2
4i e imagnerg L NP
yes 3 y o 3.5
9
2
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2
 yeol d c 1 6 t
c 3
y
ke c 1 4 1 e ca t time
yl6 k Cito 16 35 dependent
independent variable
variable
y yet
c 3 Cz 5
y e 2 3 51 I
y t's y Jt2
ta f
Exempt y 10.4g19.04g 0o a o4
cases 12 0.41 904 6 904 Velocity acceleration
aa 46 0.42 46.04 co
Newton's second law
I o 213in
e AcosuxtBsinux mass Acceleration External forces
y
w TEI rn x y External forces
4974
o
0.424 3
y e
acos3xtBsin3x
NP yco o yCol 3

Ln
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Monday
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Case a2 4670
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cet
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2
µ my Ky Cg
my 1 Cy'tky o
y geht
t 4mg't14mg o a 4m 6 Klm
y
case q2 46 0
1 1 _12 912 case c o
g e aka tax
o
y t my
case a 4620 Complexroots 14 Im o
y e ah CAcoswxi Bsinw.cl a 46 0 4x4mco
solution case number 3
w 44
y t.FIn I Woi
24 System freevibration get Wo TTM
naturalfrequency
general solutions

eqposition Acoswt t Bsinwt

y
i
K on
EEC
yt
y goes
ftt
i
 1 BlitzTBz sinwot y
t
y ttt
Sino coswot cos Walt TI
B
cos wot t wot
y TAIBI cosecoswott
A cosx cos x121T
sinosinwet wT Zit
132cos O wot T
Aft cos wot O Wo
C cos wot O c is a constant
iand 1 0.5
C
between
Amplitude ofthesystem
ycoo I
y
9 phase shift
i

ii Etan
Find A and B

yolo yo
based on

A
WP

initial displacement
i N
Different initialvalue different amplitude
y'o o yo initial velocity
basedon
T 2T
To
Wo pm
this

B is the initial velocity 911W case cto

eg y o I
y t
my t Hmy O
o
y co Gm
y _coswt afw
o4q 4Hm O a 4km
eatroots overtrumpedsystem

az 46 0 a 4km criticaldamped
system
a24620 a 24km under
damped
ya n system

orerdqypetfys.tem.am

I iz
Tm
ctTm4kn so

y ce t c etat

1 T period E D
i y approaches 0
so we canplotthesolutioncurvefor
this
 yet A amplitude For an underdampedsystem
ya L
9 A _FEE o
2
my cy Ky
yoF e2L4mk
y
initial µ g my o
displacement initialvelocity twocomplex root
wo naturalfrequency 2Mt acoscwe csinc
ge
I wo Tim wotte

T 2Two
period e mtAcoswo t o
Critically damped O phaseshift Amplitude
arctan Cala e
42Mt
e mtf
1 912 a 4ns 2Mt
arctan yo e
yD c tax e't
4am Lo w _M km
E on a O Wortham
y 2 2
w cwo o
underdampedsystem
O arctan
I 42M Iwo u arctanfkwo.gemY
Bsinwtot
y c 42mCAcoswo t
WE Plm Criticallydamped overdampedsystem

c2 4mk a 4mk
e AcosC t O t Iz I Em I c T4n so
y c e e't 2M
yet c

y Acos wit 0 yet ce t

me tat
ne
a o
Thursday

K 1 IIp
gravity
onemoreforce
compared tohorizontalspring
iii ii in

Ky _o
my Cy constants mass acceleration External force
m c k are

ci
I erl l erl l erl
l l l
undamped
o c2e4mk
underdamped
a 4mk
criticallydamped
a 4mk
overdamped e
t
H
t t
I l
t
system system system system unstretched you I
a
my tky o position systemisat
mink o rest equilibposition
t.fm
yet ccoswott Dependent variable
sinwot
Acoscwot O SLE measured fromthe unstretched position
 t time independentvariable
y o locos3T

Sct So yLt
in If.im Eo
my kg cyl
my icy Ky o
c

doesn'tinclude
c

somg
IF
c to
Exampter c too c 4mk 4 10 90
under
damped system
42Mt
i yet e Acoscwo t O
l l
Amplitude e
42Mt
A e mtT _Y
m

wit wo FI mFIT
4km
w 98N ET yo 296 ratIs
withweightthespring ZI
stretches 10am o w
Exit
consider oo.ioGotoo
e F g jY o 62e
oest
theweight ispulleddownfromrestby16cm and
letit startfromzeroinitialvelocity O arctan mytw
Findtheresponse
yLt arctan otz.ua
2goo I

m wg
g 10kg c Go
E 3600 4km
my Kxso criticallydampedsystem
98 Kx log y 4am 601210 3
k 90NIm it
c 1Gt e
y c yo ono Cz y got
c o o o 16C3 o 48
my Ky o y o16 048e e't
f
toy190g o
undampedsystem

yet Aco
spoto c 100
A t 5o 2 a 4mk
over
damped system

weuse16nsasinitial displacementas it istheinitialpull y e cedit Geht

yeol yo 16cm I c.fm

4 I
oIbm 2M
yo o da c F4 g
a T.io o16 2M
wo icm Fog 3rasls.ec c yj dzyo o.IS
O arctan k arctan boywoyo o d 12
I
 Cz dyo yo o oz Midterm

2 1600 1700
Feb15 BA1160
t 9T
yet oIge ooze
5 questions
in 40mins

on
overdamped
21 Independence of solution

y cry 1Czyz
f damped
critically
y andya are linearly independent

Exampter yy
constant

e
gaggjo Wronski determinant

f
Equilibrium

y y
WG's by
A cylinder wood flutter has section

issubmerged inwater to a depthofso to

the floater isdepressed to a depth ofyo y andy arelinearly independent
from rest andthen released
o4 ZG
Damping is neglected
g e y e
26 0.4
my Ky method 1 I e
buoyantforce Yi
2Gx

Ip I I
o w e

I
mittens O auf
geo yo
p so
jgyk ky 5 O 2 Ze to

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yctl

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