ENGI 3424 Engineering Mathematics

Quiz 1 - Solution
2019 September 19 at 13:30

Find the complete solution to the initial value problem [10]

y
dy
dx

 4x y  y 2 ,  y  0  1

y
dy
dx

 4x y  y 2 
dy
dx
 4 x 1  y  OR y  0
y  0 is inconsistent with the initial condition and is therefore not part of the complete solution.
However, 1  y   0  y  1 is consistent with the initial condition.
It is therefore part of the complete solution.

 
dy dy dy
If y   1 then  4 x 1  y    4 x dx   4 x dx
dx 1 y 1 y
 ln 1  y   2 x 2  C  1  y  e 2 x C  e 2 x eC  Ae 2 x
2 2 2

2
 y  Ae2 x  1
But y  0  1  1  Ae0 1  A0  y  0 1 x
y  1 is therefore the only member of the general solution family that satisfies the initial
condition. y  1 is not a singular solution.

The complete solution is

y  1
[Check not required:]

y  1  y  0
 y y  4xy 1  y 
and obviously
y  0  1

Also see the alternative solution on the next page.

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ENGI 3424 - Quiz 1 Solution

Alternative solution:

y
dy
dx

 4x y  y 2  
dy
dx
 4 x 1  y  OR y0

y  0 is inconsistent with the initial condition and is therefore not part of the complete solution.
dy dy
 4 x 1  y     4 x  y  4 x which is a linear ODE,
dx dx

  4 x dx   2 x 2  eh  e2 x
2
with P   4x and R  4 x  h  P dx 

  4 x e2 x dx   e2 x
2 2
 eh R dx 



 


2 2

y  eh  eh R dx  C   e2 x e2 x  C  C e2 x  1
2

y  0  1  1  C e 1
0
 C 0  y  0 1 x

The complete solution is

y  1

2
Note that y  1 is included in the general solution y  Ae2 x  1 (with A = 0),
dy
as one would expect from the fact that  4 x 1  y  is a linear ODE.
dx
No linear ODE ever has a singular solution.
2
However y  0 cannot be obtained from y  Ae2 x  1 for any choice of A.
Had the initial condition been y  0   0 , then y  0 would have been a singular solution,
2
in addition to y  e2 x  1 from the general solution.