TEST METHOD

D47 1431 / - - N

MATERIALS AND PASSENGER COMPARTMENT PARTS

BEHAVIOUR OF THE APPEARANCE TO ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
AT HIGH AND MEDIUM TEMPERATURES

Renault Automobiles Standardisation

DPMI / Service 67250
Section Normes et Cahiers des Charges
RENAULT D47 1431 / - - N

This document is to be considered as a whole, the parts of which shall not be separated.

© RENAULT 2011.
No duplication permitted without the consent of the issuing department.
No circulation permitted without the consent of RENAULT.

FIRST ISSUE

November 1972 ---

REVISIONS

December 1997 --J Removal of the ageing device XENOTEST 150.

Complete revision.
This issue originates from Draft NC 96 833 / - - F.
January 2000 - - K Modification of paragraphs 3, 3.3. and 6.2.
Addition of the paragraph 7.
This issue originates from the project NC 2000 0026 / - - -.
December 2000 - - L Modification of the title.
Modification of paragraphs 1., 3.1.1.8., 3.2.1.1., 3.2.3., 4., 5.1, 5.2.
and 8..
This issue originates from the project NC 2000 0584 / - - -.
October 2006 - - M Modification of the title.
Deletion of the paragraphs relating to the Xenotest 150S device
Modification of the paragraph 6.
This issue originates from the project NC 20060620 / - - - .
December 2011 - - N Editorial details of paragraphs.
This issue originates from the project NC 2011 0886 / - - - .

REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

Test methods : D15 1343, D25 1413.

External documents : NF EN ISO 105-B02 /A1, ISO 105-A02/AC02

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CONTENTS

Page

1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION 4

2. PRINCIPLE 4
3. EQUIPMENT AND REAGENTS 4
3.1. FADE-OMETER CI 3000+ 4
3.1.1. Accessories 4
3.1.2. Installation 5
3.1.3. Maintenance 5
3.1.4. Calibration and adjustments 5
3.2 BLUE REFERENCE SPECIMENS RANGE (APPENDIX 3) 6
3.3 GREY SCALE 6
3.4 MASKS 6
3.5. PAPER TOWEL 6
3.6. ETHANOL 6
4. PREPARATION OF THE TEST PIECES 6
5. OPERATING PROCEDURE 7
6. STATEMENT OF RESULTS 7
6.1. EVALUATION OF CONTRAST WITH GREY SCALE 7
6.2. EVALUATION OF THE VARAITIONS IN APPEARANCE 8
6.2.1. Evaluation of the luminance difference 8
6.2.2. Evaluation of the variation in colour 8
6.2.3. Evaluation of the variation of gloss 9
6.2.4. Other observations 9
6.3. EXPRESSION ON THE DOCUMENT 9
7. TEST REPORT 10
APPENDIX 1 11
APPENDIX 2 12
APPENDIX 3 13

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FOREWORD

This document is equivalent to document D47 1431 of the PSA PEUGEOT CITROEN Group.

It must not be modified without prior consultation with the Standardisation Department of this Group.

It complies with the agreement reached between this Group and RENAULT in december 2011.

1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

The purpose of this method is to evaluate the resistance of the appearance of certain materials under
a high temperature (standard test piece-holder) or medium temperature (modified test piece-holder
with KG1 infrared filter) light source. The medium temperature is used only if it is specified in the
reference documents.

The test method deals with materials and passenger compartment parts such as woven and knitted
textiles, textiles-cellular composites, textile floor covering subjected to special conditions, plastic foils,
plastics coloured in mass (for example the transparent or opalescent plastic materials), leather, textile
coated with plastic (TEP), non-woven fabrics, steering wheel foam, painted parts and decorations, etc.

2. PRINCIPLE

The test consists to exposing a test piece of the material to the light and heat of a xenon arc burner.

3. EQUIPMENT AND REAGENTS

3.1. FADE-OMETER CI 3000+

With xenon arc from the ATLAS company. The Fade-Ometer Ci3000+ is the only device authorized
for approvals and certifications.

3.1.1. Accessories

3.1.1.1. Test piece-holders

- Test piece-holder and stainless steel cover of 145 mm X 45 mm dimensions (supplier

ATLAS Part no.: 19186700).
- Test piece-holder and covers modified to hold IR KG1 (3.1.1.6.) filters in order to obtain a
0
surface temperature of 85 ° C − 3 °C on the test piece, see description in appendix 2.NOTE:
In the absence of accuracy in the reference documents, we use standard test piece-
holders and covers.

3.1.1.2. White cardboard supports to support the test pieces.

3.1.1.3. Internal filter of type S borosilicate

Sales reference ATLAS Company: 20.2773.00

3.1.1.4. External clear glass filter

Sales reference ATLAS Company: SODALIME 20.2797.00.

3.1.1.5. Black Standard Thermometer (BST),

Made of sheet metal on a plastic support, used continuously.

Sales reference ATLAS Company: 07.2816.00

81.0171.00 – (DCS) from SN 19817.

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3.1.1.6. KG1 infrared filter

Dimensions 45 mm x 100 mm and thickness 2 mm.

Sales reference ATLAS Company: 11.5001.14

3.1.1.7. Recorder

Devices to record continuously the parameters of the test means : Room T°, BST,
Irradiance, power and humidity.

3.1.2. Installation

- The device must be installed in a clean area, preferably under a slight overpressure, if possible
at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and 50 % ± 10 % re lative humidity. This device must be
verifiesd regularly by the Manufacturer (or at least every two years).

- Distilled or demineralised water supply. The resistivity must be greater than 2 MΩ.cm

- The pH must be between 6 and 8. The concentration of dry particles must be less than 1 ppm,
including SiO2 less than 0.5 ppm.

- Supply of filtered and deoiled compressed air at 2 to 3 bars pressure.

3.1.3. Maintenance

- Water-cooled Xenon burner: 4 500 W; replace the burner every 2 400 hours or less.

- Internal filter: Change every 450 hours.

- External filter: Change every 2 100 hours.

- Black Standard Thermometer (BST): Must be cleaned every 300 hours with polish and replaced
after 8 000 hours of use or two years if 8000 hours are not reached.

- Control cell (quartz pipe): Must be cleaned with ethanol every 300 hours and before calibration.

In the special case of use of modified KG1 filter test piece-holder:

. Clean the filters at the beginning of every test with ethanol

. Replace the filters every 4200 hours of testing.

3.1.4. Calibration and adjustments

Display the following adjustments.

3.1.4.1 Humidity

Adjust the relative humidity to 30 % on the display.

3.1.4.2 Room temperature and Black Standard Thermometer

Adjust the room temperature to 66 °C and check that the temperature indicated by the
thermometer (3.1.1.5.) is 100 ° C − 02 °C , adjust, if required, the fan speed to obtain this
temperature of 100 ° C − 02 °C .

3.1.4.3 Irradiance of the burner

Adjust to 1.4 W/m2 for a wavelength of 420 nm.

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3.1.4.4 Calibration of the control cell

Use the standard burner supplied by the manufacturer; adjust if necessary the irradiance
value read on the display.

Carry out the calibration, in the empty carrousel, at a stabilized temperature obtained after
30 min of operation, without humidity.

Operation to be carried out every 450 hours.

3.2 BLUE REFERENCE SPECIMENS RANGE (APPENDIX 3)

The reference specimens are woollen fabric dyed blue, meeting the NF EN ISO 105-B02/A1
standard; they are graduated from no. 1 (very week colourfastness) to no. 8 (very high
colourfastness). Use only the reference specimens no. 4, 5, 6, 7 of sufficient size to sample the test
pieces of 20 mm width placed on the support (3.1.1.2.) without gluing them.

After each test, rate the level 6 of the blue reference specimen range according to paragraph 6.1.

3.3 GREY SCALE

For evaluation of contrast.

This scale is defined by the ISO 105-A02 standard. Use the scale at 9 degrees.

3.4 MASKS

Neutral grey board (chart for RENAULT) or black board (for PSA), in which sections of dimensions
30 mm ± 1 mm x 30 mm ± 1 mm are made (identical to grey scale dimensions) spaced apart 20 mm.
The side of windows must be painted almost identical to the color of the surface of the mask.

This grey chart for RENAULT presents a reflection coefficient of 18% in the band of 420 nm – 700 nm.

The product is available with :

CST – 22/24 avenue de Saint Ouen – 75018 Paris – France

(Tel: 01.53.04.44.00 – Fax 01.53.04.44.10 – Web Site: http://www.cst.fr ).

Reference product: CHA GR REN.

The black color, for PSA, is the same as the cover of the grey scale.

3.5. PAPER TOWEL

3.6. ETHANOL

4. PREPARATION OF THE TEST PIECES

- The test pieces must be cut in the lengthwise direction of the material.

NOTE 1: To identify the exposed area, cut the lower right corner of the specimen or use other
means of identification (example : symbol on the back of the specimen on the side of
the exposed area).

NOTE 2: In the case of textiles, this is done in the direction of the weaving or knitting.

- In the special case of velvets or plush product, check that the pile of velvet is facing downwards.

- In the case of steering wheels, take a sample of foam or skin with maximum area, whose thickness
does not exceed 3 mm.

- Sample the test pieces of dimensions suitable to the test piece-holder; by default take sample with
dimensions 110 mm x 45 mm ± 2 mm.

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- Fix the test pieces on the cardboard supports (3.1.1.2.) with a clip on top and at the bottom for
flexible composites, or any other heat-resisting mode of attachment for the other materials.

NOTE 3: If the test machine don’t have a registration system parameters reliably used blues
standards (3.2.). In this case, refer to appendix 3.

- Put the test pieces on the test piece-holder (3.1.1.1.) and behind the cover in such a way that half
the test piece is masked.

- The exposure window must be located by convention to the right of the test piece.

NOTE: Create as many test pieces as required to expose all the colours of the material to be
tested.

In the special case of transparent or opalescent plastic materials, use a cardboard (3.1.1.2)
on the back of the test piece without sticking it.

5. OPERATING PROCEDURE

FADE OMETER CI 3000 (3.1.) AGEING DEVICE

- Wipe the filter (3.1.1.4.) with a paper towel (3.5.) dipped in ethanol (3.6.) to remove possible
deposits.

- Place the test piece-holders in the ageing device; ensure that each test piece-holder contains one
test piece or by default one cardboard support (3.1.1.2.) used as a support for the test pieces.

- Turn on the device and check the display of all the parameters.

- After 1 hour of operation, check parameters mentioned in paragraphs 3.1.4.1., 3.1.4.2. and 3.1.4.3.

- Leave the test pieces in the ageing device for 150 hours or any other duration specified in the
documents of reference.

- At the end of the test, examine the recordings and check that the parameters are compliant with
the requirements set.

- Remove the test pieces and the standards from the ageing device. Before evaluating the
deterioration of the colour, let the materials remain in darkness at ambient temperature for 2 hours
to avoid an incorrect rating caused by phototropy.

6. STATEMENT OF RESULTS

Examine the aged materials in lighting conditions defined in the D15 1343 test method with the “white
light” illuminant D65 (daylight).

6.1. EVALUATION OF CONTRAST WITH GREY SCALE

Check that the non-exposed area of the test piece has not changed by comparing it with a new
sample of the tested material (some materials are sensitive to heat, and the contact with the metal
frame can degrade their appearance). If it has changed, evaluate it according to the method described
below, by positioning the new sample edge to edge with the part exposed of the sample tested.

To evaluate contrast, cover the test piece and the grey scale (3.3.)(and new sample if it is necessary)
with the mask (3.4.), in order to compare identical surfaces. Samples and grey scale are in the same

To rate the test piece, adjust it under the D65 lamp, while remaining at 10 cm above level of the
chamber (D15 1343). Search for the most unfavourable observation angle to evaluate contrast, by
tilting the whole back and forth about 45 degrees. The angle is worst one for witch the contrast
between the exposed area and unexposed area (or new sample) is the most visible.

Move the grey scale until contrast is found corresponding to that of the test piece between the
exposed area and the hidden area (or new sample). Note down the degree found on the grey scale
(for example: 3/4).

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For some materials such as painted parts, for example, when the tilt back and forth, the exposed area
may seem to be darker or lighter depending on the angle. In this case rate in the two configurations:

- clear appearance of the specimen next to the clear half of the gray scale

- dark appearance of the specimen next to the dark half of the gray scale (corresponding
to the cotation 5).

Remember in all cases listing the worst and give the result as indicating C/F or F/C (see § 6.2.)
according to cotation is lighter or darker.

6.2. EVALUATION OF THE VARAITIONS IN APPEARANCE

The following evaluations are carried out without using the mask (3.4.), in order to compare larger
areas for better observation.

6.2.1. Evaluation of the luminance difference

Criterion Result Abbreviations for rating

Variation in luminance - Lighter C

along the L axis.
- Darker F

6.2.2. Evaluation of the variation in colour

Criterion Result Abbreviations for rating

Variation of the colour - More red R

along the a and b axes
- More green V

- More yellow J

- More blue B

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FRENCH ENGLISH

Modèle CIE L*ab* CIE L*ab* model

Blanc White

Jaune Yellow

Vert Green

Rouge Red

Noir Black

Bleu Blue

6.2.3. Evaluation of the variation of gloss

Criterion Result Abbreviations for rating

Variation in gloss - More matt Ma

- More gloss Br

Carry out the measurement of gloss according to the D25 1413 method if this is required in the
technical specifications (area exposed in relation to the hidden area or new sample if the hidden area
is degraded).

6.2.4. Other observations

Note down all degradations in appearance such as: Fissures, Cracks, Exudation, Heterogeneity, porosity
(or microporosity), etc.

6.3. EXPRESSION ON THE DOCUMENT

We note:

- The degree of contrast in relation to the grey scale (6.1.)

- The variation in appearance (6.2.)

Example: 3/4 C J Ma Fissures (test piece rated 3/4 at the grey scale, lighter, turning towards
yellow, more matt and presence of fissures in the exposed area.

- Measuring the initial gloss and gloss final according to the method D25 1413, expressed in
units of gloss UB, and the calculation of delta gloss.

- Any other observations

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7. TEST REPORT

Apart from the results obtained, the test report must indicate:

- The reference of the current method

- Identification of operator and machine used,

- The start date of the test,

- The part number of the equipment or the part studied and the name of the Supplier

- The duration of exposure, the age and irradiance of the burner may be required depending on the
case

- The special test conditions, for example: Modified KG 1 infrared filter test piece-holder for the tests
at medium temperature

- The variations in colour must be noted down such as: luminance, chromaticity or gloss

- Any degradation in the appearance of the test piece must be noted down

- Operating details not provided for in the method as well as possible incidents that could have an
impact on the results.

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APPENDIX 1

INSTALLATION OF THE BLUE STANDARDS AND THE TEST PIECE

Masks (3.1.1.1.)

Blue standard n 7

Blue standard n 6 Test piece

Blue standard n 5

Blue standard n 4

Cardboard supports (3.1.1.2.)

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APPENDIX 2

DIAGRAM OF MODIFIED TEST PIECE HOLDERS

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APPENDIX 3

USED OF STANDARD BLUE

Standard preparation.

- Cut out pieces of about 40 mm x 20 mm in blue reference specimens no. 4, 5, 6, 7 (3.2.).

- Clip them side by side on a cardboard support (0.) in the following order (see appendix):

. 7 at the highest point of the exposed area

. 6 under the blue reference specimen no. 7, at the hottest level

. 5 approximately at the centre of the cardboard support

. 4 under, thus at about 40 mm from the lower end of the cardboard support.

NOTE : In the particular case of using modified sample holder with filter KG1 for exposure to average
temperature, also set blue standards behind filter KG1.

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