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QUEZON DISTRICT
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
The Effectiveness of Lemon Grass and Oregano

in Formulating Insect (Mosquito) Repellent
A Research
Presented to the Teachers of

Quezon National High School
Senior High School Department
Alunan, Quezon, Isabela
_______________
In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Subject Requirement for

Practical Research 1
Quezon District
QNHS: Committed to Excellence
#BatangQuezonianIkawAngBida
Email: depedqnhs1992@gmail.com
Contact No.: 09176285655
QUEZON DISTRICT
(Group Names)
Camus, Erwin
Caralipio, Elj
Duco, Resty
Lazo, Misheas
Liday, Jonard
Natividad, Glen
Panes, Renato
Warlito, Rafael
Salucon, Jessie Vher
Taberna, John Llyod
Battad, Rosalinda
Bautista, Jeffelyn
Gamazon, Yolanda
Mariano, Mariel
(March,2023)
Quezon District
Contact No.: 09176285655
QUEZON DISTRICT
Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Background
I. Introduction
Repellents are essential for controlling and preventing the spread of vector-borne
diseases, particularly in regions where existing methods are ineffective. Prior to the use of
synthetic chemicals, people relied on plant-based materials to repel or kill disease-carrying
insects such as mosquitoes. Traditional knowledge of indigenous communities on the
potential uses of local plants for insect control has been extensively documented. Local
practices involved burning or hanging the plants inside homes to drive away insects. The
natural repellents derived from plants are popular among local communities in tropical and
subtropical regions due to their safety, effectiveness, and cost-efficiency. Recent studies have
focused on native plant species and their potential as repellents against various mosquito
species and other disease-carrying insects (Tawatsin et al., 2001; Phasomkusolsil and
Soonwera, 2010).
The chemicals found in these plants exhibit behavioral and physiological effects,
including repellents, attractants, feeding deterrents, toxins, insect growth regulators, and
hormones (Isman, 2006; Moore, 2014). The aim of this thesis is to investigate the
effectiveness of natural plant-based repellents in controlling mosquito populations and to
explore their
Quezon District
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QUEZON DISTRICT
potential as an alternative to synthetic chemicals for vector control and prevention.
Tropical Asia and Southeast Asia have high concentrations of botanical-based insect
repellents, with over 2,300 plant species identified as having potential mosquito repellent
properties in Southeast Asia alone (de Boer et al., 2010; Maia and Moore, 2011;
Vongsombath, 2011; Obico and Ragragio, 2014). In Loa PDR, over 90 plant species were
evaluated as potential repellents or toxicants against blood-feeding invertebrates and
pestiferous flies, while in the Philippines, a list of 54 species of plants, encompassing 49
genera and 26 families, were evaluated as repellents. Among these, the family Fabaceae had
the greatest number of species with insect repellent activity (Obico and Ragragio, 2014). Six
Malaysian plants, including turmeric (Curcuma longa)s, ginger (Zingiber officinale), pandan
(Pandanus odorus), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), clove (Syzygium aromaticum),
and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), were tested against the cockroach species
Periplaneta americana (Ahmad et al., 1995). Additionally, extracts of cinnamon, black pepper
(Piper nigrum), turmeric, and the essential oil of ginger were found to repel the adult rice
weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Ishii et al., 2010). Essential oils from various plant species,
including patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), cananga (Canangium odoratum), lemongrass, and
Quezon District
Contact No.: 09176285655
QUEZON DISTRICT
citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), are often used as insect repellents in traditional Indonesian
medicine (TRECYDA, 2011). Javanese incense,
made from ingredients derived from several plant species, has also been found to be an
effective mosquito repellent (Sangat-Roemantyo, 1990).
In conclusion, the use of botanical-based insect repellents is a promising alternative to
synthetic repellents due to their natural origin, potential efficacy, and safety. Several plant
species from tropical Asia and Southeast Asia have been identified as having mosquito
repellent properties. Lemon grass and oregano are among the plants that have been studied
for their repellent properties and have shown promising results. However, further research is
needed to determine the effectiveness of these plant species as mosquito repellents in
different settings and against different mosquito species. Additionally, it is important to
ensure the safety and sustainability of the production and use of botanical-based repellents.
Hence, this study aims to develop a mosquito repellent made from lemongrass and oregano.
Quezon District
Contact No.: 09176285655
QUEZON DISTRICT
II. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
Research Paradigm
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 Oregano oil  Extraction  Efficacy of

natural
 Lemongrass oil  Mixing of alternative insect
Lemongrass oil repellent made
 Mineral Water and Oregano oil from lemon
grass oil and
 Testing the oregano oil
product
Conceptual Model of The effectiveness Lemon Grass and Oregano in Formulating

insect Repellent
The first frame shows the input, consisting the ingredients of Insect repellent
such as Oregano oil , Lemon grass and Mineral water.
The second frame shows the Process, first is extraction, Second Mixing of
Lemon Grass oil, Oregano oil and water and Last is Testing the product .
Quezon District
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QUEZON DISTRICT
The third frame is the Output, Efficacy of natural alternative insect repellent
made from lemon grass oil and oregano.
III. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The researcher aims to

find an alternative way to
prevent diseases caused
insects by employing oregano

extract as a natural insect
repellant. The study should
provide the answers to the
following questions;
Quezon District
Contact No.: 09176285655
QUEZON DISTRICT
The researcher aims to

find an alternative way to
prevent diseases caused by
insects by employing oregano
extract as a natural insect
repellant. The study should
provide the answers to the
following que
The researcher aims to find an alternative way to prevent diseases caused by insects by
employing oregano oil and lemon grass as a natural insect repellant. The study should
provide the answers to the following questions;
1. What is the acceptance of lemongrass and oregano in terms of ?

-Chemical Properties
-Environment
2.How long does the insect repellent activity last for formulations containing lemongrass and
oregano?
3. What type of insects are effectively repelled by lemongrass and oregano ?
Quezon District
Contact No.: 09176285655
QUEZON DISTRICT
NULL HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
There is no significance in using lemongrass oil and oregano oil as an effective

natural alternative insect repellent.
IV. SCOPE LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research focuses on the effectiveness of lemongrass and Oregano as an

alternative insect repellent. Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects not all kinds of
insects will be tried and tested. This study is limited to testing insect repellent made from
Lemongrass and Oregano on Mosquitoes in an open area.
V. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following:
For the future researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would be
conducting the same study and that this could contribute useful information to them.
For the Students of Senior High School that this could help them understand the significance
of lemongrass and oregano as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how safe it
would be for them to use every single day.
For the poultry raisers that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their chicken for
keeping them safe for mosquitoes to prevent diseases
VI. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Quezon District
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QUEZON DISTRICT
Repellent- a substance that deters insects or other pests from approaching or settling.
Extract- It is a preparation containing the active ingredient of a substance in concentrated
form.
Oregano- it is an herb from the mint and one of the main material in this research.
Insect Repellent- refers to the output made from lemongrass oil and oregano oil.
Lemongrass oil- refers to the type of essential extracted from lemongrass stalks.
Insect-refers to familiar pests or disease carriers.
Quezon District
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QUEZON DISTRICT

QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

The Effectiveness of Lemon Grass and Oregano

Presented to the Teachers of

Of the Subject Requirement for

synthetic chemicals, people relied on plant-based materials to repel or kill disease-carrying

insects such as mosquitoes. Traditional knowledge of indigenous communities on the

effectiveness of natural plant-based repellents in controlling mosquito populations and to

potential as an alternative to synthetic chemicals for vector control and prevention.

evaluated as potential repellents or toxicants against blood-feeding invertebrates and

pestiferous flies, while in the Philippines, a list of 54 species of plants, encompassing 49

(Pandanus odorus), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), clove (Syzygium aromaticum),

including patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), cananga (Canangium odoratum), lemongrass, and

medicine (TRECYDA, 2011). Javanese incense,

effective mosquito repellent (Sangat-Roemantyo, 1990).

In conclusion, the use of botanical-based insect repellents is a promising alternative to

needed to determine the effectiveness of these plant species as mosquito repellents in

different settings and against different mosquito species. Additionally, it is important to

II. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework

 Oregano oil  Extraction  Efficacy of

Conceptual Model of The effectiveness Lemon Grass and Oregano in Formulating

III. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The researcher aims to

insects by employing oregano

The researcher aims to

1. What is the acceptance of lemongrass and oregano in terms of ?

3. What type of insects are effectively repelled by lemongrass and oregano ?

NULL HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

There is no significance in using lemongrass oil and oregano oil as an effective

IV. SCOPE LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research focuses on the effectiveness of lemongrass and Oregano as an

This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following:

VI. DEFINITION OF TERMS

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