Cell Cycle

Wednesday, 12 April 2023

6:05 pm
Mitosis
-the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two
identical nuclei in preparation for cell division.
-Same amount of chromosomes as the parent cell.
-2 daughter cells
 
Meiosis
-a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in
gametes
-1/2 the amount of chromosomes of the parent cell
-4 daughter cells
 
Phases:
 
Prophase
-the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into
two identical daughter cells.
 
Metaphase
-the point at which all of the chromosome pairs are fully condensed, attached to the mitotic spindle, and
aligned at the center.
-Spindle Fiber attaches to the centromere in the center of the cell.
 
Anaphase
- the stage in mitosis or meiosis following metaphase in which the daughter chromosomes move away
from each other to opposite ends of the cell.
 
Telophase
-the final stage of cell division in which the spindle disappears and the nucleus forms around each set of
daughter chromosomes.
-This is where a furrow appears.
 
Cytokinesis
- the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter
cells.
Cell Cycle
-a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.
 
 
Haploid
-One set of chromosomes (1/2 mother, 1/2 father)
 
Diploid
-the number of complete chromosome sets present in each cell of an organism
-diploid cells contain two complete sets
 
Homologous
-having the same relative position, value, or structure.
 
 During 1st division, the exchange of genes is called "crossing over"
 -Only in Meiosis
 -they separate in 2nd division
 
Gamete
-a reproductive cell of an animal or plant.
Human
 23 pairs of chromosomes (46)
 
Male - XY
Female - XX
 
When does Meiosis happen?
 
Male
 At the start of puberty
 
Female
 Before birth