SYNOPSIS

ON

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD

OF CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamposis tetragonoloba L .)

SUBMITTED BY

MOHIT SOMANI

M.Sc. (Ag.) Horticulture

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE,

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AND VETERINARY SCIENCES,

MEWAR UNIVERSITY GANGRAR, CHITTORGARH

RAJASTHAN,312901.

2021-22
 SYNOPSIS

1. Name of the Student : MOHIT SOMANI

2. Enrollment Number : MUR2003638

3. Degree : M.Sc. (Ag.) Horticulture

4. Center of PG Education : Mewar University ,Gangrar

5. Department and : Horticulture

Discipline
6. Name of the Research : Dr. Manohar lal meghwal
Guide
7. Title of the Research : EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT
Work MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD
OF CLUSTERBEAN (Cyamposis tetragonoloba L.)

8. Objectives:

1. To study effect of integrated use of fertilizer ,manures and biofertilizer

On growth ,yield and quality of clusterbean .

2. To select suitable combination of manure and fertilizer for clusterbean.
3. To assess the economic viability of different treatments .

9. INTRODUCTION :

Clusterbean ( cyamopsis tetragonoloba L) is an important legume crop

mainly grow under in arid and semi-regions of Rajasthan during Kharif season .It
is very hardy and drought tolerant crop . There is no other legume crop so hardy
and drought tolerant as clusterbean ,which is specially suited for soil and climate
of Rajasthan.

In India, clusterbean is mostly grown in Rajasthan, Haryana,

Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Rajasthan occupies first position
in India both in area and production. It accounts for almost 82.1 per cent area
and 70% production in India. Haryana and Gujarat has second and third position
respectively. Rajasthan has an area of 30 lakh hectare, production of 15.46 lakh
tones with a productivity of 515 kg/ha. Rajasthan guar is mainly grown in
Barmer, Churu, Sriganganagar, Nagaur, Jalore, Sikar, Jaisalmer, Bikaner,
Jaipur, Jhunjhunu and Alwar districts.
Among dry land crops, guar occupies an important place in
the national economy because of its industrial importance mainly due to the
presence of gum in its endosperm (35 to 40%). Clusterbean is grown for different
purposes from very ancient time viz., vegetable, green fodder, manure and feed.
It provides nutritional concentrate and fodder for cattle and adds to the fertility of
soil by fixing considerable amount of atmospheric nitrogen. Clusterbean seed is
used as a concentrate for animal and for extraction of “gum”. Seed of
clusterbean contain 28 to 33 per cent gum. Guar gum has its use in several
industries viz., textiles, paper, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, food processing
cosmetics, mining explosives, oil drilling etc. Clusterbean is a leguminous crop
and can fix 37-196 kg N/ha per year.

The production of clusterbean can be increased by various

agronomical practices one of them is fertilizer management. The judicious use of
fertilizer and organic manures plays a vital role to achieve higher yield of
clusterbean. Among different plant nutrients nitrogen is the most important
nutrient for plant growth and development. Clusterbean being a legume crop
which has the capacity to fix atmosheric nitrogen by its effective root nodules the
major part of nitrogen is met through Rhizobium present in the root nodules
hence, crop does not require additional nitrogen for its initial growth and
development stage. Phosphorus has a positive and significant effect on
nodulation and crop yield. Phosphorus enhances the activity of Rhizobia.
 Phosphorus also improves the quality of clusterbean grain. Phosphorus in the
soil has developmental activity in the plants root growth depending on the
phosphorus application, the contact area of the root expands with the growth of
roots which in turn gives rise to a flourishing in productivity, also making it easier
for the plant to benefit for the other nutritional elements in higher proportions.
Inoculation of clusterbean seeds with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)
improves nodulation, available phosphorus content of the soil and root and
shoot biomass. The phosphorus is the second important plant nutrients. An
application of phosphorus influences symbiotic nitrogen fixasion yield and quality
of cluster pods. Evaluation of the role of biofertilizer including PSB to harness
their effect in enhancing crop yield will be challenging task. The short supply and
recent price hike in inorganic fertilizer encouraged the use of indigenous sources
like FYM which improve the soil fertility and productivity too, therefore, proper
nutrient management is of prime importance.

Improper nutrient management under limited moisture is considered as a

major limiting factor for achieving higher productivity of clusterbean in semi-arid
regions. The nutrient management thus, assumes importance to sustain
productivity. Low cost nutrient supplementation through biofertilizers as
integrated nutrient supply system may be a better option to fulfill nutrient
requirement of the crop. FYM is rich in plant nutrients and helps to buffer soils
against rapid chemical changes. FYM also acts as a source of energy for the
growth of soil microbes and improvement in organic carbon, available nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium etc.

In the view of maintaining the soil health and quality of produce, application of
biofertilizer play a vital role. Biofertlizer is microbial inoculants of selective
microorganisms like bacteria, fungi already existing in nature.
10. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Baboo and Mishra (2001) reported that increase in phosphorus rate upto
90 kg/ha increased plant growth parameters namely, plant height, number of
green leaves, dry matter accumulation and nodules per plant of cowpea.
Mishrav and Baboo (2002) futher stated that application of 60 kg

P2O5/ha gave noticeable increase in seed and stover yields of cowpea

over their lower (30 kg P2O5/ha) and higher levels (90 kg P2O5/ha).

Pathak et al. (2003) reported that application of 2.5 kg ZnSO4

significantly increased the plant height, number of branches per plant, root
nodulation and chlorophyll content in leaves of chickpea over control. At

Jobner, Sunder et al. (2003) observed that application of zinc at 5.0

kg/ha significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of clusterbean over
control. Singh and Pareek (2003) at Jobner (Rajasthan) on loamy sand soil
reported that inoculation of mungbean seeds with Rhizobium significantly
increased the plant height, branches per plant, number of nodules per plant
and weight of nodules per plant.

Netwal (2003) found significantly higher plant height and

number of branches per plant of cowpea due to application of vermicompost
at 5 t/haas compared to control, 2.5 t vermicompost and 5 t FYM/ha.

Sharma and Jain (2004) observed significant response of 4 kg Zn/ha

over control on dry matter accumulation (60 DAS) in clusterbean futher, Yadav
and Malik (2005) reported that application of 20 kg N/ha in conjuction with seed
inoculation with Rhizobium significantly increased plant height, branches per
plant, dry matter accumulation and yield per plant in cowpea. Further, Sepat
(2005) while working on mothbean grown on loamy sand soil at Jobner found
that plant height, branches per plant, dry matter accumulation, number and dry
weight of root nodules per plant increased significantly due to application of
phosphorus upto 30 kg P2O5/ha over preceding levels of phosphorus.

At Anand, Patel et al. (2006) reported that integrated use of inorganic

and organic fertilizers and organic manures enhanced the growth of
clusterbean. Karwasra et al. (2006) carried out a field experiment on green
gram at Hisar and reported that the plant height and number of branches per
plant were increased significantly with increasing levels of phosphorus upto 50
kg P2O5/ha along with basal dose of 20 kg N/ha. Ramesh et al. (2006) reported
that application of phosphorus @ 40 kg/ha significantly increased the plant
height, branches per plant and biomass accumulation of pigeon pea over
control.

Choudhary (2006) conducted a field experiment on clusterbean at

Jobner on loamy sand soil and observed that application of zinc fertilization
upto 5 kg/ha significantly increased the plant height, number of branches per
plant, dry matter accumulation and LAI at 45 and 60 DAS, while chlorophyll
content at 30 DAS of clusterbean increased upto 2.5 kg Zn/ha. Meena et al.
(2006) conducted a field trail on clusterbean with four levels of zinc (0, 2.5,
5.0 and 7.5 kg/ha) and revealed that increasing levels of Zn increased plant
height, number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation and leaf area
index at 45 and 60 DAS upto 5 kg Zn/ha while chlorophyll content at 30 DAS of
clusterbean increased upto 2.5 kg Zn/ha.

Kumhar et al. (2012) reported that application of 100% RDN through

urea + Rhizobium + PSB recorded significantly higher plant height at harvest
(104.7 cm), number of nodules/plant at 50 DAS (23.5), green weight of
nodules/plant at 50 DAS (96.0 mg) in clusterbean.

Jain (2007) while working on mothbean grown on loamy sand soil at

Bikaner found that plant height, dry matter accumulation per plant, branches
per plant, number of root nodules per plant increased significantly due to
application of zinc upto 5 kg/ha over preceding levels of zinc. Mathur et al.
(2007) at Jodhpur studied that with two fertility levels (10, 20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5
/ha) and found that increase in fertility level from 10 to 20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5
/ha significantly enhanced mean plant height (24.4%) and number of branches
per plant (22.7%) of mungbean.

At Bikaner, Rathore et al. (2007) observed that application of 20 kg N

and 40 kg P2O5/ha significantly improved the plant height, dry matter
accumulation and leaf area in clusterbean than lower doses of N and P. Singh
and Sekhon (2007) carried out a field experiment on green gram at Ludhiana
and reported that plant height was found significantly higher with
12.5 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 /ha than lower doses. Padmani et al. (2007) conducted
a field experiment during kharif season of 2001-02 to study the response of
pigeonpea cv. GT-1 to INM in clay soil of Gujarat and found that seed
inoculation with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + Pseudomonas steria) significantly
increased the growth of pigeonpea crop.

Mathur et al. (2008) while studying on mothbean at Jodhpur observed

that the plant height and number of branches per plant were significantly

higher with the application of 20 kg N + 40 kg P 2O5 /ha. Renugadevi et

al. (2008) reported that seed treatment with micro and macronutrient fertilizers
viz., MgSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, ZnSO4, borax, KCl, Kh2PO4 and Na2 MoO4 in two
different concentrations (0.5 and 1%) with the soaking duration of 3 and 6
hours alongwith water as control, revealed that seed fortification with
1%MgSO4 enhanced the seed germination by 13 per cent which was
followed by 1% ZnSO4 (12 per cent). Hence, seed fortification with 1% ZnSO 4
was recommended for clusterbean as a pre sowing seed invigourative
treatments.

Sammauria et al. (2009) while working at Bikaner observed that application of

15 kg N + 13 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased the plant height, number of
branches per plant and leaf area index of clusterbean over lower levels of
fertilizers. Kausale et al. (2009) observed that nodule number, dry matter per
plant, pod and haulm yield of groundnut crop increased with application of
100% RDF (25:50 N and P kg/ha), 10 t FYM/ha and Rhizobium or PSB seed
inoculation. Further, Keshwa et al. (2009) while working on loamy sand soil at
Jobner, reported that application of 30 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased the
plant height and number of branches per plant in cowpea as compared to lower
levels.

Yadav et al. (2011) reported that the inoculation of garden pea with
Rhizobium + PSB significantly increased the branches per plant, total and
effective nodules/plant over control and Rhizobium inoculation. Palve et al.
(2011) reported that the application of 100% RDF + 5 t FYM /ha enhanced
 significantly the growth attributes viz. plant height, number of leaves per plant,
number of branches per plant in soybean.

Kumhar et al. (2012) reported that application of 100% RDN

through urea + Rhizobium + PSB recorded significantly higher plant height at
harvest (104.7 cm), number of nodules/plant at 50 DAS (23.5), green weight of
nodules/plant at 50 DAS (96.0 mg) in clusterbean.

Singh and Singh (2012) recorded that the application of 75 kg P2O5/ha

recorded the maximum plant height, branches per plant, dry matter
production/plant, chlorophyll content, leaf area, LAI of pigeon pea which were
significantly superior over 25 kg P2O5 /ha and control but at par with 50 kg
P2O5/ha during both the years of experiment.

Baboo and Rana (1999) reported that phosphorus fertilization (60 kg

P2O5 /ha) significantly improved the growth parameters of clusterbean on sandy
loam soils. Reddy and Swamy (2000) futher reported that application

of FYM at 10 t/ha increased the dry matter per plant of blackgram to

the extent of 8.3 per cent over control. Reddy and Swamy (2000) reported
that soil inoculation with PSB significantly increased the dry matter of black
gram by 6.6 per cent over no inoculation.

Singh and Singh (2012) observed that the dual inoculation of

pigeon pea with PSB + PGPR significantly increased higher growth attributes such as
plant height, branches per plant, dry matter production, chlorophyll content and leaf
area of pigeon pea which were significantly superior over alone application of PSB,
PGPR and control. Mehta et al. (2012) reported that the application of 20 kg N and
18 kg P/ha significantly increased plant height, dry matter accumulation of fenugreek
over their respective lower levels.

11. MATERIAL AND METHOD :

The details of the materials used and the techniques adopted during the
course of the present investigation entitled “Effect of Integrated Nutrient
Management of Growth and Yield of cluster bean (cyamposis tetragonoloba L.)” .
11.1 Experimental site

An evulation based experimental entitled “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on

Growth and Yield of Clusterbean(cyamposis tetragonoloba L.) was conducted during the
year 2021-2022 . The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Research Farm of the
Department of Horticulture, Mewar university .

11.2 Climate and weather conditions

The climate of this region is a typically semi-arid characterized by extremes of

temperature during both summers and winters. The average annual rainfall of this
tract varies from 400 mm to 550 mm and is mostly received during the month of July
to September. During summer, temperature may go as high as 460C while

in winter, it may fall as low as 100c. The relative humidity between 65 to 90 per
cent. There is hardly any rain during winter and summers. As the climate affects the
growth, yield and quality of agricultural product.

11.3 Spacing and seed rate

The sowing was done by manually at the depth of 4-5cm keep 60cm
distance between two rows and 30cm distance between two plant within the row
.seed rate was 9kg/ha.
 12. Plan of work

12.1 Treatment details

The following 12 treatment of Integrated nutrient management of clusterbean were

included in research trail:
S. No. of Treatments

No. Treatments
1 T1 Control
2 T2 100%RDF (20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 /ha)
3 T3 75%RDF +FYM @10 t/ha
4 T4 75%RDF + zinc sulphate @25 kg/ha
5 T5 zinc sulphate @25 kg/ha + PSB
6 T6 75% RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha
7 T7 75%RDF+FYM @10 t/ha + zinc sulphate @ 25
kg/ha
8 T8 zinc sulphate @ 25 kg/ha +PSB
9 T9 50% RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha
10 T10 50%RDF+FYM@10 t/ha + zinc sulphate @ 25
kg/ha
11 T11 zinc sulphate @ 25 kg/ha + PSB

* RDF (20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 /h,

PSB (poshphate solublizing bacteria )

12.2 Details of experiment:

Horticultural Farm Mewar University Gangrar

1. Location
,chittorgarh
Design of experiment Randomized Block Design (RBD)
2.
Number of replications 3
3.
Number of Treatments 11
4.
5. Total number of plots 44

Plot size 4*3 m

6.
7. Spacing 60cm*30cm

8. Number of rows per plot 5

9. Number of plants per rows 5

10. Total number of plant per plot 25

11 Gross experimental area 120 m sq

12. Net experimental area 411m sq

T1 T2 T5

T2 T4 T6

T3 T 10 T8

T4 T3 T2

T5 T1 T9

T6 T 11 T 10

T7 T5 T4

T8 T6 T1

T9 T8 T7

T 10 T7 T3

T 11 T9 T 11

PLAN OF LAYOUT
12.3 Observation recorded :-

12.3.1 Growth parameters:

1. Plant Height (cm)

2. Number of leaves per plant

3. Initial and final plant stand

12.3.2 Yield parameters

1. Days to flower initiation 5. Number of the seed per pod

2. Fruit length (cm) 6. Pod yield per plant (g)
3. Number of cluster per plant 7. Pod yield per ha (q)
4. Number of pod per cluster 8. Days to first picking

12.3.2 Economics of the treatments

1.Cost of cultivation (Rs ha)

2. Benefit cost of cultivation (Rs ha)

13.PROGRAMME OF RESEARCH WORK :

The present study entitled “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management

on growth yield of cluster bean(cyamposis tetragonoloba L.)” will be carry out at
Horticultural Farm Mewar University Gangrar ,Chittorgarh ,Rajasthan.

14. LITERATURE CITED:

Arya, M.P.S. and Singh, Raghuvir (1996). Effect of N, P and K on the

nodulation, growth and yield characters of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lum.
Verdc.). Legume Research, 19 (2): 65-69.

Ayub, M.; Nadeem, M.A.; Naeem, M.; Tahir, M.; Tariq, M. and Ahmad, W. (2012).
Effect of different levels of P and K on growth, forage yield and quality of cluster
bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). The Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 22
(2): 479 – 483.
Baboo, R. and Rana, N.S. (1995). Nutrient uptake and yield of clusterbean
(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) as influenced by nitrogen, phosphorus and seed rate.
Indian Journal of Agronomy, 40 (3) : 482-485.

Baviskar, V.S.; Damame, H.S.; Raj, V.C. and Shete, P.G. (2012). Growth, yield and
quality parameters of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] as influenced
by organic fertilizers and different levels of sulphur for vegetable purpose. Crop
research (hisar). (1/2/3): 52-54.Patrika 29 (4): 181-184.

Bhadoria, R.B.S. and Kushwah, R.S. (2005). Response of clusterbean (Cyamopsis

tetragonoloba) varities to varying fertility levels and row spacing in northern Madhya
Pradesh. National symposium on Advances in Forage Research and Sustainable
Animal production, held at CCSHAU, Hissar, pp. 106.

Choughary, R.S.; Yadav, R.S. and Amin, A. (2014). Productivity and economics
of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba ) as influenced by phosphorus
fertilization and biofertilizers in western Rajasthan. Annals of Agricultural
Research New Series 35 (1): 62-64.

Das, B.; Arora, S.K. and Luthra, Y.P. (1977). A rapid method for determination
of gum in guar (Cyamposis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) In : Proc. First ICAR
Guar Res. Workshop. CAZRI, Jodhpur, pp.117-123.

Fisher, R.A. (1958). Statistical method for research workers. Oliver and
Boyd, Edinburgh

Joshi, U.N. (2004) Advances in chemistry, biochemistry and industrial utilization

of guar seed. In “Guar” (J.V. Singh and B.S. Dahiya eds.), Indian Society
of Forage Research, Hissar and Agricultural and Processed Food
Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), New Delhi, India. pp :
197-229.

Karmegam, N. and Daniel, T. (2000). Effect of bio-digested slurry and

vermicompost on the growth and yield of cowpea. Environment and
Ecology, 18 : 367- 370.

Katiyar, R.P. (1984). 'KULTHI' a promising pulse crop for Himachal Hills.
 Indian Farming, 34 : 31-35.

Kumawat, B.L.; Choudhary, Alka; Kumawat, Arvind and Kumawat, Amit (2009).
Effect of vermicompost and molybdenum on yield of greegram and fertility
status of soil. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 11(2): 92-95.

Kumhar, M.K.; Patel, I.C.; Ali, shaukat; Patel, P.H. and Patel, J.K. (2013). Soil
fertility status, quality parameters and yield of clusterbean [Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba (L.)] as influenced by integrated nutrient management.
Journal of Soils and Crops, 23 (1): 86-91 .

Meena, N.L. and Naagar, K.C. (2004). Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and
phosphate solubilizing bacteria on yield components, yield of clusterbean

15. FACILITIES REQUIRED AND THEIR AVAILABILITY

The necessary required for conduction of experiment will be made available

by the Head of university Department of horticulture,Mewar university
Gangrar ,Chittorgarh,Rajasthan .

16. Place OF RESEARCH

The present study will be conducted during 2021-22 seasons at University

Horticultural Farm,Department of Horticulture,Mewar University Gangrar
Chittorgarh Rajasthan .

17. IMPLICATIONS

The present study will be helpful in identification

Place- Gangrar Signature of student

Date-