CHARLES’ LAW

BY GROUP 2
GROUP MEMBERS
● DEJI-AYOKO, Ayomiwale
● NWOYE, Kenechukwu
● NDUKWE-EGWURONU, Ochuru
● OKOYE, Chukwuemeka
● OMOTIMIRIN, Timilehin
● ONAH, Jeremy
● NNAMA, Chukwunonso
● IFEANYI-OKAFOR, Nnamdi
● OGBONNAYA, Elvis
● ONUBA, Michael
What Is Charles’ Law?
Charles' Law is one of the gas laws that describes the relationship
between the temperature and volume of a gas. It states that the
volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure is directly
proportional to its absolute temperature.

The law is named after Jacques Charles, a French scientist who first
observed this phenomenon in the late 18th century.

Mathematically, Charles' Law can be expressed as:

V∝T

where V is the volume of the gas and T is its absolute temperature (measured
in kelvins). The symbol ∝ means "is proportional to."
This means that if the temperature of a gas increases, its volume will
also increase, assuming the pressure remains constant. Similarly, if
the temperature decreases, the volume will also decrease.

Charles' Law can be used to explain many everyday phenomena,

such as the expansion of air inside a hot air balloon or the contraction
of a balloon when it is cooled down. It is also important in many
industrial processes, such as in the production of liquefied gases,
where gases are compressed and cooled to extremely low
temperatures.
One important thing to note about Charles' Law is that it only applies
to ideal gases, which are gases that obey the ideal gas law. Real
gases can deviate from this law at high pressures or low
temperatures.

In conclusion, Charles' Law is a fundamental gas law that describes

the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas at
constant pressure. It has many practical applications in science and
industry and is an important concept to understand for anyone
studying thermodynamics.

EXPERIMENT TO PROVE CHARLES’

LAW
Materials:
- A balloon
- A plastic bottle
- A pot of hot water
- A bowl of ice water

Procedure:
1. Blow up the balloon and tie it off.
2. Fill the plastic bottle with hot water from the pot.
3. Place the balloon over the opening of the bottle, making sure it is
tightly secured.
4. Observe what happens to the balloon as the bottle and water cool
down to room temperature.
5. Next, remove the balloon from the bottle and place it in the bowl of
ice water.
6. Observe what happens to the balloon as it cools down to the
temperature of the ice water.

Explanation:
When the balloon is placed over the bottle filled with hot water, the air
inside the balloon begins to expand due to the increased temperature.
This is because according to Charles's Law, the volume of a given
mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. As the
temperature of the air inside the balloon increases, so does its
volume, causing the balloon to expand.

As the bottle and water cool down to room temperature, the air inside
the balloon begins to contract, and the balloon will deflate back to its
original size. This is because the volume of the gas decreases as the
temperature decreases.

When the balloon is placed in the bowl of ice water, the air inside the
balloon contracts even further due to the decrease in temperature. As
the temperature of the air inside the balloon decreases, its volume
also decreases, causing the balloon to shrink in size.

Result: The balloon shrinking and expanding in size proves that the
volume is directly proportional to its temperature. Proving Charles’
Law.

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
CHARLES’ LAW
APPLICATIONS OF CHARLES’ LAW
● The design of heating and cooling systems
● The study of gas behavior in engines and other machinery
● The production of liquefied gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen,
which are used in medical and industrial applications

CONCLUSION
Charles's Law is an important principle in the study of
thermodynamics and gas behavior. By understanding the relationship
between temperature and gas volume, we can better design and
control systems that use gases, and develop new technologies for a
variety of applications.