COMMUNICATION THEORY

OBJECTIVES:
 To study the basics of analog communication systems
 To learn and understand
o Various Amplitude modulation and demodulation systems
o Various Angle modulation and demodulation systems
o Basics of Noise theory and performance of various receivers
o The fundamentals of information theory
 To introduce the concepts of various analog modulations and their spectral characteristics.
 To understand the properties of random process.
 To know the effect of noise on communication systems.
 To study the limits set by Information Theory.

UNIT 1 AMPLITUDE MODULATION SYSTEMS :

Need for modulation-AM modulation systems-Modulation index-Phase diagram-Power relations-
Efficiency Spectrum diagram of AM, DSB-SC & SSB systems. Generation of AM Waves: Square
law modulator-Product Modulator-Switching Modulator. Detection of AM waves: Envelope detector-
Coherent detector. FDM.

Generation and detection of AM wave-spectra-DSBSC, Hilbert Transform, Pre-envelope & complex

envelope - SSB and VSB –comparison -Super heterodyne Receiver.

UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION:

Frequency Modulation - Transmission Bandwidth of FM signals-Frequency spectrum-Phase
Modulation- relationship between FM & PM- Narrow Band FM & Wide Band FM.

Generation of FM Waves: Direct method- Indirect method of FM generation.

Detection of FM waves: Ratio Detector-PLL FM demodulator- Super heterodyne Receiver

Phase and frequency modulation-Narrow Band and Wind band FM - Spectrum - FM modulation and
demodulation – FM Discriminator- PLL as FM Demodulator - Transmission bandwidth.

UNIT III RANDOM PROCESS

Random variables, Central limit Theorem, Random Process, Stationary Processes, Mean, Correlation
& Covariance functions, Power Spectral Density, Ergodic Processes, Gaussian Process, Transmission
of a Random Process Through a LTI filter.

UNIT IV NOISE THEORY

Sources of Noise-Shot Noise-Resistor Noise-Calculation of Noise in Linear systems-Noise
bandwidth-Available Power-Noise temperature-Noise in two port networks-Noise figure-
Measurement of Noise figure-Signal in presence of noise-Narrow Band noise

NOISE CHARACTERIZATION
Noise sources and types – Noise figure and noise temperature – Noise in cascaded systems. Narrow
band noise – PSD of in-phase and quadrature noise –Noise performance in AM systems – Noise
performance in FM systems.

NOISE PERFORMANCE OF AM & FM RECEIVERS

Noises in AM receiver- threshold effect-Noise in FM receivers capture effect-FM threshold effect-Pre
emphasis & De-emphasis in FM.
UNIT V INFORMATION THEORY
Information & Entropy- Rate of information-Discrete memory less channel-Joint Entropy &
Conditional Entropy-Mutual information-Channel Capacity-Shannon’s Theorem-Continuous
Channel-Shannon-Hartley Theorem-BW S/N Trade-off, Source coding theorem - Huffman &
Shannon - Fano codes

OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, the students would

 Design AM communication systems.
 Design Angle modulated communication systems
 Apply the concepts of Random Process to the design of Communication systems
 Analyze the noise performance of AM and FM systems

TEXT BOOKS:
1. J.G.Proakis, M.Salehi, “Fundamentals of Communication Systems”, Pearson Education 2006.
2. S. Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, 2005.

REFERENCES:
1. B.P.Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 3rd Edition, Oxford University
Press, 2007.
2. B.Sklar, “Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, 2nd Edition Pearson
Education 2007
3. H P Hsu, Schaum Outline Series - “Analog and Digital Communications” TMH 2006
4. Couch.L., "Modern Communication Systems", Pearson, 2001.
5.R.Singh & S.D. Spare, “Communication Systems, Analog & Digital”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 1995.
6.K.Sam Shanmugam,”Digital & Analog Communication System”, John Wiley & Sons.