can u help me?

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Of course! I'll do my best to assist you. What do you need help with?

where do i find legit journal about civil engineering, especially the one that talks about roads
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There are several reputable sources where you can find legitimate journals related to civil
engineering, specifically those that cover topics related to roads. Here are some suggestions:

1. ASCE Library (American Society of Civil Engineers): The ASCE Library is a widely
recognized and reputable source for civil engineering journals, including those related to
roads. You can access it at https://ascelibrary.org/journal.
2. TRB (Transportation Research Board) Publications: TRB is a leading organization in
transportation research and produces a wide range of publications related to roads,
highways, and transportation infrastructure. You can find their publications at
http://www.trb.org/Publications/Publication.aspx.
3. Journal of Transportation Engineering (published by ASCE): This journal covers various
aspects of transportation engineering, including roads, highways, and transportation
planning. You can find it at https://ascelibrary.org/journal/joten.
4. Transportation Research Record (published by TRB): This is a peer-reviewed journal that
covers research related to transportation, including roads, bridges, and transportation
systems. You can access it at
http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/Transportation_Research_Record_TRR_Journal_16
9528.aspx.
5. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology: This journal covers a
wide range of topics related to transportation, including roads, traffic engineering, and
transportation planning. You can find it at
https://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-transportation-science-and-
technology.

It's important to note that some journals may require a subscription or institutional access for full
access to their content. Additionally, always ensure that the journals you refer to are peer-
reviewed and from reputable publishers to ensure the credibility and reliability of the
information.
does it free to access?
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While some journals may offer free access to certain articles or have open-access options, many
reputable journals may require a subscription or institutional access for full access to their
content. Subscription fees and access policies vary depending on the journal and the publisher.
Some journals may also offer a pay-per-view option where you can purchase individual articles
without a subscription.

However, there are also open-access journals that provide free access to their content online,
allowing readers to access and download articles without any subscription or payment. These
open-access journals may be funded by institutions, governments, or through author publication
fees. It's important to carefully review the access policies of each journal to determine if there are
any fees or restrictions associated with accessing their content.

Additionally, many academic institutions and universities often have subscriptions to various
journals and provide access to their students, faculty, and researchers through their libraries or
online databases. So, it's worth checking with your local library or educational institution to see if
they have access to the journals you're interested in.

suggest me the one with open-access

ChatGPT
Sure! Here are a few reputable journals related to civil engineering and roads that offer open-
access options:

1. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology: This is an open-

access journal that covers various aspects of transportation engineering, including roads,
highways, and transportation planning. You can access it at
https://www.civilejournal.org/index.php/ijteat.
2. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition): This is an open-access
journal that publishes research related to traffic engineering, transportation planning, and
road safety. You can find it at https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-traffic-and-
transportation-engineering-english-edition.
3. Advances in Civil Engineering: This is an open-access journal that covers a wide range of
civil engineering topics, including transportation engineering and road infrastructure. You
can access it at https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ace/.
4. Journal of Infrastructure Systems: This is an open-access journal published by the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) that covers various aspects of civil
infrastructure, including roads, highways, and transportation systems. You can find it at
https://ascelibrary.org/journal/jinfa2.
Please note that availability of open-access journals may change over time, and it's always a good
practice to verify the current open-access status and any associated fees or policies on the
journal's website or through relevant sources.

can u help me translating one of the journal

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As a language model, I can provide general assistance with translation tasks. However, please
note that for accurate and reliable translations of a specific journal article, it's best to consult a
professional translator or use dedicated translation services.

If you have a specific journal article that you would like to translate, you can follow these steps:

1. Obtain the article: Make sure you have a copy of the journal article that you want to
translate. This may involve purchasing a copy or accessing it through a legitimate source,
such as a library or online database.
2. Choose a translation method: Depending on your needs and the language involved, you
have several options for translation. You can use online machine translation tools like
Google Translate or DeepL, which provide automated translations. However, it's
important to note that machine translations may not always be fully accurate, especially
for technical or specialized content like journal articles.
3. Professional translation services: If you need a higher level of accuracy, you may consider
hiring a professional translator who is proficient in both the source and target languages,
and has expertise in the subject matter of the journal article. There are numerous
translation services available online that offer professional translation services for a fee.
4. Translation software: You can also use dedicated translation software like SDL Trados,
MemoQ, or OmegaT, which are widely used by professional translators. These software
tools provide more advanced translation features and are typically used by translators for
more complex translation projects.
5. Review and proofread: Once the translation is complete, it's important to thoroughly
review and proofread the translated content to ensure accuracy and readability.

Remember that translating a journal article requires not only linguistic proficiency but also
technical knowledge in the subject matter. It's always best to consult with a professional
translator who has expertise in the specific field to ensure accurate and reliable translation
results.

translate this title into indonesian Investigating the Effect of Gradation, Temperature and Loading
Duration on the Resilient Modulus of Asphalt Concrete
ChatGPT
Menginvestigasi Pengaruh Gradasi, Suhu, dan Durasi Beban pada Modulus Elastis Konkrit Aspal

translate this one too This research was carried out to assess the effect of aggregate skeleton,
temperature variation, and loading duration on the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete
mixtures. Two different gradation methods, i.e., the conventional method of gradation and the
Bailey method of gradation, were adopted to design the aggregate skeleton. The effect of these
gradation methods, with temperature and loading duration, on the resilient modulus of asphalt
concrete has not been previously investigated. The Modified Marshall Test was used to determine
optimum binder content against 4% air voids, and then volumetric and strength parameters were
calculated against optimum binder content. For performance tests, specimens were prepared at
optimum binder content using a Superpave gyratory compactor. An indirect tensile strength test
on both types of mixtures was conducted, and a 20% value of indirect tensile strength was kept
for peak load, whereas 10% was kept for seating load for conducting resilient modulus tests. The
tests were conducted at 100 and 300 ms duration loads under two different temperatures, i.e., 25
oC and 40 oC. The results declared that aggregate skeleton, temperature, and loading duration
have a prominent effect on the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures. Bailey gradation
mixtures disclosed higher resilient modulus values than conventional gradation mixtures. Higher
values of resilient modulus were observed for both gradation mixtures at low temperatures and
under small duration loads than at high temperatures and large duration loads. The results of the
two-way factorial design also confirmed the above findings.
ChatGPT
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh kerangka agregat, variasi suhu, dan durasi
beban pada modulus elastis campuran beton aspal. Dua metode gradasi yang berbeda, yaitu
metode gradasi konvensional dan metode gradasi Bailey, digunakan untuk merancang kerangka
agregat. Pengaruh metode gradasi ini, bersama dengan suhu dan durasi beban, terhadap
modulus elastis campuran beton aspal sebelumnya belum pernah diselidiki. Uji Marshall
Modifikasi digunakan untuk menentukan kadar binder optimum dengan keberadaan 4% rongga
udara, kemudian parameter volumetrik dan kekuatan dihitung berdasarkan kadar binder
optimum. Untuk uji kinerja, spesimen disiapkan dengan kadar binder optimum menggunakan
alat pemadat gyratory Superpave. Uji kekuatan tarik tidak langsung dilakukan pada kedua jenis
campuran, dan nilai 20% dari kekuatan tarik tidak langsung digunakan sebagai beban puncak,
sementara 10% digunakan sebagai beban penyesuaian untuk menguji modulus elastis. Uji
dilakukan pada durasi beban 100 dan 300 ms dengan dua suhu berbeda, yaitu 25 oC dan 40 oC.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka agregat, suhu, dan durasi beban memiliki
pengaruh signifikan pada modulus elastis campuran beton aspal. Campuran gradasi Bailey
menunjukkan nilai modulus elastis yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan campuran gradasi
konvensional. Nilai modulus elastis yang lebih tinggi diamati pada kedua jenis campuran gradasi
pada suhu rendah dan durasi beban kecil dibandingkan dengan suhu tinggi dan durasi beban
besar. Hasil dari desain faktorial dua arah juga mengkonfirmasi temuan di atas.
again The design of flexible pavement depends on the appropriate representation of the stress-
strain behavior of the different pavement layers [1]. The prediction of stress-strain behavior of a
pavement requires the estimation of the actual field conditions, such as future traffic load and
environmental factors, particularly, temperature. In the performance testing of asphalt concrete
mixtures, traffic load is usually represented by a cyclic load, and the performance of asphalt
concrete mixtures is analyzed on the basis of load-deformation behavior under cyclic traffic
loading and temperature [2]. Resilient modulus is the ratio of deviator load to recoverable
deformation. As it provides a basic relationship about the pavement stress-deformation state, it
can be used to assess the quality of pavement materials and as an input parameter in the
pavement design and analysis process. Consequently, it provides a notable means of relating
theresponse of pavement materials under different circumstances [3]. The nature of pavement
materials cannot be considered completely pliable because of the indication of enduring
distortions under load. In this case, if material strength is high compared with repeated load, then
deformation is almost fixable and hence the material is considered pliable. In the early phase of
loading, enduring deformation takes place, which indicates plastic strain. But with the increase in
the number of load replications, the plastic deformation gets tapered and finally the deformation
becomes fully recoverable after 100 load replications, as shown in Figure 1 [4].
ChatGPT
Perancangan perkerasan lentur tergantung pada representasi yang tepat dari perilaku tegangan-
regangan dari lapisan-lapisan perkerasan yang berbeda [1]. Prediksi perilaku tegangan-regangan
dari perkerasan memerlukan estimasi kondisi lapangan yang sebenarnya, seperti beban lalu lintas
masa depan dan faktor lingkungan, terutama suhu. Dalam pengujian kinerja campuran beton
aspal, beban lalu lintas biasanya direpresentasikan oleh beban siklik, dan kinerja campuran beton
aspal dianalisis berdasarkan perilaku beban-deformasi di bawah beban siklik lalu lintas dan suhu
[2]. Modulus elastis adalah rasio beban deviator terhadap deformasi yang dapat pulih. Karena
menyediakan hubungan dasar tentang kondisi tegangan-deformasi perkerasan, modulus elastis
dapat digunakan untuk menilai kualitas bahan perkerasan dan sebagai parameter masukan
dalam proses perancangan dan analisis perkerasan. Oleh karena itu, modulus elastis merupakan
cara yang signifikan untuk menghubungkan respon bahan perkerasan dalam berbagai situasi [3].
Sifat bahan perkerasan tidak dapat dianggap sepenuhnya lentur karena menunjukkan distorsi
yang berlangsung di bawah beban. Dalam hal ini, jika kekuatan material tinggi dibandingkan
dengan beban ulangan, maka deformasi hampir dapat pulih dan oleh karena itu material
dianggap lentur. Pada fase awal beban, deformasi yang berlangsung menunjukkan regangan
plastik. Namun, dengan peningkatan jumlah pengulangan beban, deformasi plastik berkurang
dan akhirnya deformasi menjadi sepenuhnya dapat pulih setelah 100 pengulangan beban, seperti
yang ditunjukkan dalam Gambar 1 [4].

again HMA Response during Loading

ChatGPT
Tanggapan Campuran Aspal Panas (HMA) Selama Pemuatan
In the current era, researchers are more focused on studying resilient modulus because of its
usefulness in pavement thickness design and for describing the behavior of unbound aggregates
and asphalt mixtures. Many factors, like material properties and environmental conditions, have a
prominent influence on the behavior of the resilient modulus of asphalt mixtures [5]. Evaluation
of the HMA resilient modulus designed with recycled aggregates subjected to temperatures of 0,
10, and 20 oC was carried out, and it was concluded that temperature is the most significant
agent in decreasing the resilient modulus because tested specimens revealed higher stiffness
values at low temperatures [6]. The resilient modulus of bituminous mixtures decreases by about
12–20% at 20 oC and about 15–40% at 35 oC [7]. In comparison with the influence of other
parameters like percentage of bitumen, diameter of specimen, and duration of load, an increase
in temperature from 25 to 32.5 oC revealed a significant decrease in the resilient modulus of
HMA [8]. The resilient modulus model for the asphalt pavement wearing layer declared a
65.738% decrease in resilient modulus values with an increase in temperature from 10 to 25 oC
and a 97.715% decrease in resilient modulus values with an increase in temperature from 25 to
40 oC [9]. Investigation of the influence of temperature on the performance of HMA revealed that
resilient modulus values start decreasing above 20 0C and at 40 oC they become unrealistically
low [10]. Similar effects of temperature were observed by Lavasani et al. [11].
ChatGPT
Di era saat ini, para peneliti lebih fokus pada studi modulus lentur karena kegunaannya dalam
desain ketebalan perkerasan jalan dan untuk menggambarkan perilaku agregat tak terikat dan
campuran aspal. Banyak faktor, seperti sifat-sifat material dan kondisi lingkungan, memiliki
pengaruh yang signifikan pada perilaku modulus lentur campuran aspal. Evaluasi terhadap
modulus lentur campuran aspal dengan agregat daur ulang yang dikenakan suhu 0, 10, dan 20
derajat Celsius dilakukan, dan disimpulkan bahwa suhu adalah faktor yang paling signifikan
dalam mengurangi modulus lentur karena spesimen uji menunjukkan nilai kekakuan yang lebih
tinggi pada suhu rendah. Modulus lentur campuran bitumen mengalami penurunan sekitar 12-
20% pada suhu 20 derajat Celsius dan sekitar 15-40% pada suhu 35 derajat Celsius.
Dibandingkan dengan pengaruh parameter lain seperti persentase bitumen, diameter spesimen,
dan durasi beban, peningkatan suhu dari 25 hingga 32,5 derajat Celsius mengungkapkan
penurunan yang signifikan pada modulus lentur HMA. Model modulus lentur untuk lapisan
permukaan perkerasan jalan aspal menunjukkan penurunan nilai modulus lentur sebesar 65,738%
dengan peningkatan suhu dari 10 hingga 25 derajat Celsius dan penurunan nilai modulus lentur
sebesar 97,715% dengan peningkatan suhu dari 25 hingga 40 derajat Celsius. Investigasi
pengaruh suhu terhadap kinerja HMA juga mengungkapkan bahwa nilai modulus lentur mulai
menurun di atas 20 derajat Celsius dan pada suhu 40 derajat Celsius menjadi sangat rendah
secara tidak realistis. Efek serupa dari suhu juga diamati oleh Lavasani et al.

Investigation of the influence of rest period, waveform, and duration on the resilient modulus of
asphalt mixtures declared that the waveform and duration of load pulse significantly influence
the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures, hence the demand for consideration in
flexible pavement analysis and design [12]. Loading duration has an influence on the resilient
modulus of flexible pavements due to their viscoelastic nature. It was recommended to use a
loading duration of 300 ms in dynamic tests for better characterization of the nature of flexible
pavements [13]. The assessment of the resilient modulus of bituminous mixtures at temperatures
15-40 °C lower than that of traditional HMA showed 60 % decrease in resilient modulus values by
increasing temperature from 15 to 45 °C and 24.72 % decrease by increasing the loading time
from 100 to 400 ms [14]. From the factorial design of experiment data, it was found that four
parameters, namely; percentage of bitumen, diameter of specimen, loading duration, and test
temperature, offset the resilient modulus of asphalt mixtures following the sequence of
temperature, loading duration, and specimen diameter [15]. Investigation of the resilient modulus
of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) polymer modified asphalt concrete mixtures showed that
loading frequency has a significant effect on the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures in
dry conditions and a slight influence in saturated conditions only at 40 oC. It was also noticed
that the influence of loading frequency on the resilient modulus is directly linked with
temperature in both conditions [16].
ChatGPT
Penelitian mengenai pengaruh periode istirahat, bentuk gelombang, dan durasi beban terhadap
modulus lentur campuran aspal menyatakan bahwa bentuk gelombang dan durasi beban secara
signifikan mempengaruhi modulus lentur campuran beton aspal, sehingga perlu
dipertimbangkan dalam analisis dan desain perkerasan jalan fleksibel. Durasi beban memiliki
pengaruh pada modulus lentur perkerasan jalan fleksibel karena sifat viskoelastiknya.
Direkomendasikan untuk menggunakan durasi beban 300 ms dalam pengujian dinamik untuk
mengkarakterisasi sifat perkerasan jalan fleksibel dengan lebih baik. Penilaian terhadap modulus
lentur campuran bitumen pada suhu 15-40 derajat Celsius lebih rendah dari HMA tradisional
menunjukkan penurunan nilai modulus lentur sebesar 60% dengan peningkatan suhu dari 15
hingga 45 derajat Celsius dan penurunan sebesar 24,72% dengan peningkatan waktu beban dari
100 hingga 400 ms. Dari data desain eksperimen faktorial, ditemukan bahwa empat parameter,
yaitu persentase bitumen, diameter spesimen, durasi beban, dan suhu pengujian, mempengaruhi
modulus lentur campuran aspal mengikuti urutan suhu, durasi beban, dan diameter spesimen.
Penelitian terhadap modulus lentur campuran aspal yang dimodifikasi dengan polimer Styrene-
Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi beban memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada
modulus lentur campuran aspal dalam kondisi kering dan pengaruh yang sedikit pada kondisi
jenuh hanya pada suhu 40 derajat Celsius. Juga diperhatikan bahwa pengaruh frekuensi beban
pada modulus lentur terkait langsung dengan suhu dalam kedua kondisi tersebut.

Investigation of the asphalt concrete mixtures designed with three gradation sets, passing above,
below, and through the restricted zones of Superpave mix design, revealed loading duration and
temperature as the most crucial factors affecting the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete
mixtures. Furthermore, gradations passing above the restricted zone were found to be more rut
prone than the other two sets of gradations [17]. A direct relation between resilient modulus
values and nominal maximum aggregate size and an inverse relation between resilient modulus
and air void percentage was concluded [18]. The resilient modulus of an asphalt concrete mixture
is mainly affected by the morphology of coarse aggregates [19]. Research findings declared that
aggregate gradation significantly influences the resilient modulus of HMA, followed by the shape
and surface texture of aggregates [20].
ChatGPT
Penelitian mengenai campuran beton aspal yang dirancang dengan tiga set gradasi, yang
melewati di atas, di bawah, dan melalui zona terbatas desain campuran Superpave,
mengungkapkan bahwa durasi beban dan suhu merupakan faktor yang paling penting yang
mempengaruhi modulus lentur campuran beton aspal. Selain itu, gradasi yang melewati di atas
zona terbatas cenderung lebih rentan terhadap rutting (penyusutan) dibandingkan dengan dua
set gradasi lainnya [17]. Ditemukan hubungan langsung antara nilai modulus lentur dan ukuran
agregat maksimum nominal, serta hubungan terbalik antara modulus lentur dan persentase
rongga udara [18]. Modulus lentur campuran beton aspal sangat dipengaruhi oleh morfologi
agregat kasar [19]. Temuan penelitian menyatakan bahwa gradasi agregat secara signifikan
mempengaruhi modulus lentur HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt), diikuti oleh bentuk dan tekstur
permukaan agregat [20].

From the above literature, following points were considered in this research. Aggregate gradation
has an effect on the properties of asphalt concrete but there are no studies in which comparison
of effects of Bailey and Conventional method of gradation has been done. This gap is fulfilled in
this study. Effect of temperature and loading duration has also been found to significantly affect
the resilient modulus so they are also studied in this research with different methods of
gradation. In this research, the temperature was varied between 25 and 40 0C, while loading
duration was varying between 100 to 300 ms. These limits are within the extremes values being
applied in the previous studies.
ChatGPT
Based on the literature mentioned, this research aims to investigate the effects of aggregate
gradation, specifically a comparison between Bailey and Conventional methods of gradation, on
the properties of asphalt concrete. Additionally, the research will also study the effects of
temperature and loading duration on the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete using different
methods of gradation. The temperature range for the research will be between 25 and 40°C,
while the loading duration will vary between 100 to 300 ms. These temperature and loading
duration ranges are within the extremes values applied in previous studies, allowing for a
comprehensive analysis of their effects on the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete.

terjemahkan From the above literature, following points were considered in this research.
Aggregate gradation has an effect on the properties of asphalt concrete but there are no studies
in which comparison of effects of Bailey and Conventional method of gradation has been done.
This gap is fulfilled in this study. Effect of temperature and loading duration has also been found
to significantly affect the resilient modulus so they are also studied in this research with different
methods of gradation. In this research, the temperature was varied between 25 and 40 0C, while
loading duration was varying between 100 to 300 ms. These limits are within the extremes values
being applied in the previous studies.
ChatGPT
Dari literatur di atas, poin-poin berikut telah dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian ini. Gradasi
agregat memiliki pengaruh terhadap sifat-sifat campuran beton aspal, tetapi belum ada studi
yang membandingkan efek antara metode gradasi Bailey dan Konvensional. Celah ini akan diisi
dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu, efek suhu dan durasi pembebanan telah ditemukan signifikan
terhadap modulus elastis, sehingga juga akan dipelajari dalam penelitian ini dengan
menggunakan metode gradasi yang berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini, suhu akan divariasi antara 25
dan 40°C, sedangkan durasi pembebanan akan bervariasi antara 100 hingga 300 ms. Rentang
suhu dan durasi pembebanan ini berada dalam nilai ekstrim yang telah diterapkan dalam studi
sebelumnya.

terjemahkan The overall research methodology of the current study is presented by a flow chart
in Figure 2. This first step of research methodology was the selection and collection of aggregate
and binder. Dina source of aggregate and Attock Refinery Limited 60/70 penetration grade (ARL
60/70 Binder) binder were considered for this study. After checking the appropriateness of
materials, gradation blends were developed using the concepts of Bailey method and
conventional method of gradation. Conventional method of gradation is based on concept of
maximum density line method, also known as mid line gradation. While Bailey method of
gradation relies on the packing and interlocking characteristics of aggregate particles. It needs
additional inputs parameters like loose and rodded unit weight, specific gravity and absorption of
different aggregate fractions for carrying out volumetric adjustment by changing course and fine
fraction of the gradation blend [21, 22]. Using these two distinct concepts, aggregate skeletons
were designed for both types of gradation within the Pakistan NHA Class-B (NHA-B) gradation
limits.