Tensile Test of

different Metals
A report on the Tensile Force of Copper,
Mild Steel, & Aluminum conducted by
Department of Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering IIT Kharagpur

Name : Mandeep Haldar

Roll : 22IM30018
Section : 18
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Objective:
To understand tensile deformation behavior of important metallic
materials used for different structural applications such as
aerospace, automobiles, bio-medical.

Experimental
procedure:
(A)Testing of ductile metals:
To carry out tensile testing of (i) Mild steel and (ii) Copper
specimens. Cylindrical samples as per ASTM (American society
of testing and materials) E8 were prepared.
Sample dimensions of Mild Steel specimen: Total length=
100 mm, Gauge length= 25 mm, Gauge diameter = 5 mm
Sample dimensions of Copper specimen: Total length= 100
mm, Gauge length= 25 mm, Gauge diameter = 6 mm

(B)Testing of Brittle material:

To carry out tensile testing of Fe-Al alloy using flat specimen
with dimensions of Total length= 100 mm, Gauge length= 25 mm,
width = 6 mm and thickness = 3 mm.
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As per ASTM E8 standard specimen shape can be either round or flat and
depending on the material availability there can be different specimen dimensions
(standard ful-size specimen when sufficient material is available, or sub-size
specimens when there is limited material available).

Results & Discussion:

The Following Is The Graph Of Load Vs Position For The
Copper Sample:

The Following Is The Graph Of Load Vs Position For The

Mild Steel Sample:
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The Following Is The Graph Of Load Vs Position For The
Iron Sample:

The Following Is The Graph Of Load Vs Position Of All

Three Sample:

The three graphs show how all materials initially follow's

Hooke's law and where the load and position have a linear
relationship and hence the given material is elastic there but
upon increase of load further , the material becomes plastic
and the linear relationship breaks.
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Questions & Answers:

Q1)Construct Engineering Stress Vs Engineering Strain
Plots:

Q2)Check Whether Hooke’s Law Is Followed In The

Elastic Region & Determine Young’s Modulus:
Yes, Hooke’s law is followed in the elastic region but not in the plastic
region. The following are the values of Young’s modulus:
8 2
Mild Steel: - 8.854 * 10 N/m
8
Copper: - 1.895 * 10 N/m2
8
Fe-Al-Si Alloy: - 4.319 * 10 N/m2
Q3)Determine Yield Strength(Sy) , Ultimate Tensile
Strength (Su) , Fracture Strength (Sf) Uniform
Elongation(Eu) & Total Elongation To Fracture(Ef) , As
Explained Through The Schematic?
From the data of experiment given in the tables below the graphs in the
above
images, we get the following values:
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For Mild Steel:
Yield Strength (Sy) = 7300 N.
Ultimate Tensile Strength (Su) = 10040 N.
Fracture Strength (Sf) = -937 N
Uniform Elongation (Eu) =31.89%
Total Elongation (Ef) =42.00%
For Copper:
Yield Strength (Sy) = 5190 N.
Ultimate Tensile Strength (Su) = 5310 N.
Fracture Strength (Sf) = -742 N
Uniform Elongation (Eu) =78.30%
Total Elongation (Ef) =96.80%
For Fe-Al-Si Alloy:
Yield Strength (Sy) = 5240 N.
Ultimate Tensile Strength (Su) = 5240 N.
Fracture Strength (Sf) = -755 N
Uniform Elongation (Eu) =4.19%
Total Elongation (Ef) =6.74%

Q4)Determine The True Stress Vs True Strain Plots

From The load Vs. Displacement Data Provided &
Considering The Specimen Dimensions:
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Q5) Identify The Difference In Stress-Strain Curves

Between A Ductile Metal & A Brittle Metal:
For a ductile metal:
Percentage of elongation before fracture is higher.
Energy absorbed before fracture is more.
Failing by neck formation is gradual.
For a brittle metal:
Percentage of elongation before fracture is lower.
Energy absorbed before fracture is less.
Failing by neck formation is sudden.

Q6)Draw A Tensile Specimen Of A Ductile Metal

Plastically Deformed Before UTS
Deformed After UTS
After Fracture:
08 Q7) What Is The Difference In The Shape Of The
Fractured Specimens Between A Ductile Metal & A
Brittle Metal:
Ductile metal:
It generally undergoes ductile rupture or cup and cone fracture with a
dull appearance on the fracture surface.
Brittle metal:
It typically undergoes flat fracture and the fractured surface has a
shiny appearance.

Declaration
I , Mandeep Haldar (22IM30018) confirm that all content in this report is my own
and that I have not copied this from a friend/classmate/online site or any other
location.

Signature