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English glossary unit 1

A computer network (Red): Is a set of computer equipment and software connected to

each other by means of physical devices that send and receive electrical impulses,
electromagnetic waves or any other means for the transport of data, with the purpose of
sharing information, resources and offering services.

Application layer: It's the application or the program that does the
communication between the different layers. When we send a message, wasap, email,
We are interacting with the application layer.

Binary prefix:Is a unit prefix for multiples of units in data processing, data transmission, and
digital information. Principally to indicate multiplication by a power of 2.

Bit: In computer science and other disciplines, the minimum unit of information, which can
have only two values (zero or one).

BPS (Bit rate): In telecommunications and computing, bit rate is the number of bits that are
conveyed or processed per unit of time.

Byte: Set of 8 bits that receives the treatment of a unit and that constitutes the minimum
addressable memory element of a computer.

Cloud Computing: Is the on-demand availability of computing resources as services over

the Internet.

Communication: Are those whose function is to allow or facilitate an interaction between

two or more computers, or between a computer and a user.

Computer port: A port generally refers to the part of a computing device available for
connection to peripherals such as input and output devices.

Connection: Establishment between two or more things (devices, systems, places, etc.) or
persons so that there is a relationship or communication between them.

Data communication: Is the transfer and reception of data in the form of a digital bitstream
or a digitized analog signal over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication
channel.

Data link layer: This layer is responsible for physical addressing, access to the medium,
error detection, orderly frame distribution and flow control. Detection, orderly distribution of
frames and flow control.
Data network: Is a telecommunications network that allows computer equipment to
exchange data.

Device: Objects that satisfy needs in a virtual and physical way through technology.

DNS (Domain Name System): Is the hierarchical and decentralized naming system used to
identify computers reachable through the Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP) networks.

DSL (Digital subscriber line): Is a family of technologies that provide digital data
transmission over the wires of a local telephone network.

Dynamic IP: A dynamic IP address is a temporary address for devices connected to a

network that continually changes over time

Dynamic IP: Is the one that changes from time to time. These IP are assigned by the
network when we connect

EDGE (Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution): It is a cellular mobile phone technology
that acts as a bridge between 2G and 3G networks.

Electromagnetic field: Is a classical (non-quantum) field produced by accelerating electric

charges.The electromagnetic field propagates at the speed of light and interacts with
charges and currents.

Static IP: Are unique addresses uniquely assigned to a device. That is, it is an exact
address that is never modified.

Extranet: Is a private network that uses Internet protocols, communication protocols, and
probably public communication infrastructure to share securely

Gigabyte: A measure of computer memory that is equal to 1 billion bytes.

GPRS (General Packet radio system): GPRS is essentially a packet-switching technology

that allows information to be transmitted via mobile networks. This is utilized for internet
connectivity, multimedia messaging service, and other types of data transmission.

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication): Is a standard system, developed by

the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) free of royalties, of digital
mobile telephony.

Host: A network host is a computer or other device connected to a computer network. Hosts
are assigned at least one network address.

HSPA+: It offers an increase up to 88 Mbps in the direction of the central to the device.
Internet: Is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.

Internet service provider (ISP): Is the name given to internet service providers, which
provides internet connection to their customers.

InternMessage Access Protocol (IMAP): Is a standard email retrieval (incoming) protocol.

It stores email messages on a mail server and enables the recipient to view and manipulate
them as though they were stored locally on their device(s).

Intranet: Internal computer network of a company or organization, based on Internet

standards, in which computers are connected to one or more web servers.

IP (Internet protocol): It is in charge of routing. That is, to find the shortest route to reach its
destination.

IPV4 (Internet Protocol version 4): It is one of the core protocols of standards-based
internetworking methods in the Internet and other packet-switched networks.

ISP: It is an organization that offers various services so that users can access and use the
Internet. ISPs can be privately owned, community-owned, commercial, or non-profit
organizations.

LAN: It is a computer network that allows communication and data exchange between
different devices locally

LTE (Long Term Evolution) o 4G: Long-Term Evolution and is a standard for high-speed
wireless data communication. LTE is considered to be 4G (the (4th Generation), the next
generation of wireless technology.

Mask: Is data that is used for bitwise operations, particularly in a bit field. Using a mask can
be set either on or off, in a single bitwise operation.

Megabit: Is a multiple of the unit bit for digital information. The prefix mega (symbol M) is
defined as a multiplier of 106 (1 million).

Network: A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or

provided by network nodes.

Network layer: It is responsible for identifying the routing between one or more networks.
The data units are called packets, and can be classified into routable protocols and routing
protocols.

Optical fiber: Is a flexible, transparent fiber made of glass or plastic. Are used most often as
a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic
communications.
Physical layer: It is the first layer of the OSI Model. It is in charge of the network topology
and the global connections of the computer to the network,
it refers to both the physical medium and the way in which the information is transmitted. "

Post Office Protocol(POP): Type of computer networking and Internet standard protocol
that extracts and retrieves email from a remote mail server for access by the host mach

Presentation layer: The objective of this stage is to take care of the representation of the
information, so that, even though different devices may have different
internal character representations, the data arrives in a recognizable way.

Private IP: An Internet address created only for use on an internal network. Private
addresses are issued by a network device

Public IP: Is assigned to each device that connects to the Internet or another
public network.

Range: The possible values that may be stored in a variable.

Repeater: Is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. Repeaters are
used to extend transmissions so that the signal can cover longer distances or be received on
the other side of an obstruction.

Router: Is a device that provides a Wi-Fi connection, usually connected to a modem, and
sends information from the Internet to your personal devices, such as computers, phones, or
tablets.

Semantics: Refers to the meaning of each set of bits.

Session Layer: This layer is in charge of maintaining and controlling the link established
between two computers between two computers that are transmitting data of any kind.

Signal: Signals are standardized messages sent to a running program to trigger specific
behavior, such as quitting or error handling.

Software: They are the programs that are already integrated in the network devices.
For example, a router comes with its own operating system.

Static IP: They are used in Internet services, and do not change.

Syntax: Defines the order in which information is presented or transmitted.

TCP (Transfer control protocol): It makes sure that packets arrive at their destination in
the correct order.

The OSI model (Open Systems Interconnection): Is an international standard that

describes how to create network communication protocols, which are structured in 7 layers
or levels.

Timing: Specifies when the data should be sent and the speed at which it should be
transmitted.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): It is a set of network protocols

on which the internet is based and which allow the transmission of data between computers

Transport Layer: Layer responsible for transporting the data from the source machine to
the destination machine, regardless of the physical network type.

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) o 3G: It is one of the technologies

used by third generation mobiles, successor to GPRS, because GPRS technology itself
could not evolve to provide services considered third generation.

Web: Is a hypertext document on the World Wide Web. Web pages are delivered by a web
server to the user and displayed in a web browser.

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA): Is a security standard for computing devices equipped with
wireless internet connections.

WIFI: It is a mechanism that wirelessly allows different devices to access the Internet when
connected to a certain network.

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP): WEP is a security protocol, specified in the IEEE
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) standard, 802.11b. That standard is designed to provide a wireless
local area network (WLAN) with a level of security and privacy comparable to what is usually
expected of a wired LAN.

Wireless: Is a term used to define telecommunication and data transmission without wires.

WPA 2: Is an encrypted security protocol that protects Internet traffic on wireless networks.