RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

Boni Ave. Mandaluyong, 1550 Metro Manila
website: https://www.rtu.edu.ph/

BUILDING UTILITIES 2

Electricity
(RESEAECH WORK)

In partial fullfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Submitted by:
CALLOS, JOMEL C.
BS Architecture
CEIT-01-401P

Submitted to:
AR. JOAN RAMA
Electricity as energy
Electricity is a secondary energy source
Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. Electricity is both a basic part
of nature and one of the most widely used forms of energy.

The electricity that we use is a secondary energy source because it is produced by

converting primary sources of energy such as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy,
solar energy, and wind energy, into electrical power. Electricity is also referred to
as an energy carrier, which means it can be converted to other forms of energy
such as mechanical energy or heat. Primary energy sources are renewable or
nonrenewable energy, but the electricity we use is neither renewable nor
nonrenewable.

Electricity use has dramatically changed daily life

Despite its great importance in daily life, few people probably stop to think about
what life would be like without electricity. Like air and water, people tend to take
electricity for granted. However, people use electricity to do many jobs every day
—from lighting, heating, and cooling homes to powering televisions and
computers.

Before electricity became widely available, about 100 years ago, candles, whale
oil lamps, and kerosene lamps provided light; iceboxes kept food cold; and wood-
burning or coal-burning stoves provided heat.

Scientists and inventors have worked to decipher the principles of electricity

since the 1600s. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Edison, and Nikola Tesla made
notable contributions to our understanding and use of electricity.

Benjamin Franklin demonstrated that lightning is electricity. Thomas Edison

invented the first long-lasting incandescent light bulb.

Before 1879, direct current (DC) electricity was used in arc lights for outdoor
lighting. In the late 1800s, Nikola Tesla pioneered the generation, transmission,
and use of alternating current (AC) electricity, which reduced the cost of
transmitting electricity over long distances. Tesla's inventions
Primary sources of energy
Primary energy sources take many forms, including nuclear energy, fossil energy -
- like oil, coal and natural gas -- and renewable sources like wind, solar,
geothermal and hydropower. These primary sources are converted to electricity,
a secondary energy source, which flows through power lines and other
transmission infrastructure to your home and business.

Notable scientist's contribution to the use of electricity

Benjamin Franklin's Inventions
In 1748, Franklin, then 42 years old, had
expanded his printing business throughout
the colonies and become successful enough
to stop working. Retirement allowed him to
concentrate on public service and also pursue
more fully his longtime interest in science. In
the 1740s, he conducted experiments that
contributed to the understanding of
electricity, and invented the lightning rod,
which protected buildings from fires caused
by lightning. In 1752, he conducted his famous
kite experiment and demonstrated that
lightning is electricity. Franklin also coined a
number of electricity-related terms, including
battery, charge and conductor.

In addition to electricity, Franklin studied a

number of other topics, including ocean
currents, meteorology, causes of the common
cold and refrigeration. He developed the
Franklin stove, which provided more heat
while using less fuel than other stoves, and
bifocal eyeglasses, which allow for distance
and reading use. In the early 1760s, Franklin
invented a musical instrument called the glass
armonica. Composers such as Ludwig
Beethoven (1770-1827) and Wolfgang Mozart
(1756-91) wrote music for Franklin’s armonica;
however, by the early part of the 19th
century, the once-popular instrument had
largely fallen out of use.
Edison and the Light Bulb
In 1878, Edison focused on inventing a safe, inexpensive electric light to replace
the gaslight—a challenge that scientists had been grappling with for the last 50
years. With the help of prominent financial backers like J.P. Morgan and the
Vanderbilt family, Edison set up the Edison Electric Light Company and began
research and development.
He made a breakthrough in October 1879 with a bulb that used a platinum
filament, and in the summer of 1880 hit on carbonized bamboo as a viable
alternative for the filament, which proved to be the key to a long-lasting and
affordable light bulb. In 1881, he set up an electric light company in Newark, and
the following year moved his family (which by now included three children) to
New York.

Though Edison’s early incandescent lighting systems had their problems, they
were used in such acclaimed events as the Paris Lighting Exhibition in 1881 and
the Crystal Palace in London in 1882.
Competitors soon emerged, notably George Westinghouse, a proponent of
alternating or AC current (as opposed to Edison’s direct or DC current). By 1889,
AC current would come to dominate the field, and the Edison General Electric Co.
merged with another company in 1892 to become General Electric.
Nikola Tesla

Inventions
Throughout his career, Tesla discovered, designed and developed ideas for a number of important
inventions — most of which were officially patented by other inventors — including dynamos
(electrical generators similar to batteries) and the induction motor.
He was also a pioneer in the discovery of radar technology, X-ray technology, remote control and
the rotating magnetic field — the basis of most AC machinery. Tesla is most well-known for his
contributions in AC electricity and for the Tesla coil.

AC Electrical System
Tesla designed the alternating-current (AC) electrical system, which would quickly become the
preeminent power system of the 20th century and has remained the worldwide standard ever since.
In 1887, Tesla found funding for his new Tesla Electric Company, and by the end of the year, he had
successfully filed several patents for AC-based inventions.
Tesla's AC system soon caught the attention of American engineer and businessman George
Westinghouse, who was seeking a solution to supplying the nation with long-distance power.
Convinced that Tesla's inventions would help him achieve this, in 1888 he purchased his patents for
$60,000 in cash and stock in the Westinghouse Corporation.
As interest in an AC system grew, Tesla and Westinghouse were put in direct competition with
Thomas Edison, who was intent on selling his direct-current (DC) system to the nation. A negative
press campaign was soon waged by Edison, in an attempt to undermine interest in AC power.
Unfortunately for Edison, the Westinghouse Corporation was chosen to supply the lighting at the
1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and Tesla conducted demonstrations of his AC
system there.

Hydroelectric Power Plant

In 1895, Tesla designed what was among the first AC hydroelectric power plants in the United States,
at Niagara Falls.
The following year, it was used to power the city of Buffalo, New York — a feat that was highly
publicized throughout the world and helped further AC electricity’s path to becoming the world’s
power system.

Tesla Coil
In the late 19th century, Tesla patented the Tesla coil, which laid the foundation for wireless
technologies and is still used in radio technology today. The heart of an electrical circuit, the Tesla
coil is an inductor used in many early radio transmission antennas.
The coil works with a capacitor to resonate current and voltage from a power source across the
circuit. Tesla himself used his coil to study fluorescence, x-rays, radio, wireless power and
electromagnetism in the earth and its atmosphere.
The electricity sector in the Philippines provides electricity through power generation,
transmission, and distribution to many parts of the Philippines. The Philippines is divided into
three electrical grids, one each for Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao.[1] As of June 2016, the total
installed capacity in the Philippines was 20,055 megawatts (MW), of which 14,348 MW was on the
Luzon grid. As of June, 2016, the all-time peak demand on Luzon was 9,726 MW at 2:00 P.M. on May
2, 2016; on Visayas was 1,878 MW at 2:00 P.M. on May 11, 2016; and on Mindanao was 1,593 MW at
1:35 P.M. on June 8, 2016.[1] However, about 12% of Filipinos have no access to electricity. The
Philippines is also one of the countries in the world that has a fully functioning electricity market
since 2006 called the Philippine Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM) and is operated by an
independent market operator.

In January 2022, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 11646 that aims to spur
microgrid development in unserved and underserved areas nationwide to achieve the
government's goal of 100 percent electrification in the country.[2]
ManilaEdit
La Electricista
La Electricista, founded in 1892, was the very first electric company to provide electricity in
Manila. It built the first electric generating plant in the country, the Central Power Plant, on Calle
San Sebastian (now R. Hidalgo) in Manila City.[3]
Meralco
Meralco was established as the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company in 1903. It was created
to provide light and an electric railway system to Manila.
During World War II the transportation infrastructure of Meralco was destroyed and instead of
rebuilding the railway, the company focused its efforts onto its electric services.
During the 1960s a group of Filipino investors led by Eugenio Lopez Sr. bought Meralco from the
American investors. Meralco proceeded to expand during this time period, it was also during this
period that Meralco became the very first billion peso company in the Philippines.
During the 1970s the Philippine government made it a state policy to nationalize major power
generation facilities. Meralco sold all of its generating plants to the National Power Corporation
(NAPOCOR/NPC) and, thus, electric distribution became its core business,[4] until the deregulation
of the electric power market in 2001.

Power generationEdit
Power generation in the Philippines is not considered as a public utility operation, which means
interested parties do not need to secure a congressional franchise to operate a power generation
company. However, power generation is regulated by the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC)
who must issue a certificate of compliance to interested parties to ensure that the standards set
forth in the Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001 (EPIRA) are followed.[5] The ERC is also
responsible for determining any power abuse or anti-competitive behavior.
Electricity in the Philippines is produced from various sources such as coal, oil, natural gas,
biomass, hydroelectric, solar, wind, and geothermal sources. The allocation of electricity
production can be seen in the table below, according to data from the Department of Energy
Power Statistics:[6]