AINUN NAJMAH ALHADID - KATARINA NINDITA WIDURI

NADIRA ARUM MAISYA - TRIVENA VICTORIA ASSA

Writing
Project

A COMPILATION OF SEVERAL WRITING

ASSIGNMENTS FROM ENGLISH
WRITING CLASS
WRITING
PROJECT
A COMPILATION OF SEVERAL WRITING
ASSIGNMENTS FROM ENGLISH WRITING CLASS

AINUN NAJMAH ALHADID

KATARINA NINDITA WIDURI
NADIRA ARUM MAISYA
TRIVENA VICTORIA ASSA

2022
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
FAKULTAS ILMU PENGETAHUAN BUDAYA
This page is intentionally left blank
 Let's introduce you to

THE WRITERS
NPM : 2206824193

AINUN NAJMAH
ALHADID
English Studies 2022

NPM : 2207073614

KATARINA NINDITA
WIDURI
English Studies 2022

NPM : 2206812785

NADIRA ARUM
MAISYA
English Studies 2022

NPM : 2206812785

TRIVENA VICTORIA
ASSA
English Studies 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface iv
Places We Live In 1
(a) by Ainun Najmah Alhadid 2
(b) by Katarina Nindita Widuri 3
(c) by Nadira Arum Maisya 5
(d) by Trivena Victoria Assa 6

Festivals and Celebrations 8

(a) Tomohon International Flower Festival 9
(b) Easter 10
(c) The Holi Festival 12
(d) Thanksgiving Day in North Sulawesi 13

The Internet 15
(a) by Ainun Najmah Alhadid 16
(b) by Katarina Nindita WIduri 18
(c) by Nadira Arum Maisya 19
(d) by Trivena Victoria Assa 20

Weather and Climate 23

(a) Anchorage, Alaska: Weather and Tourism 24
(b) Climate in Rome and When to Visit 29
(c) Lisbon, Portugal 32
(d) Alor Island Indonesia Weather in 2022 34

Sydney Triathlon 36
(a) Prelude 37
(b) by Ainun Najmah Alhadid 38
(c) by Katarina Nindita WIduri 40
(d) by Nadira Arum Maisya 42
(e) by Trivena Victoria Assa 44

History of Major Companies 46

(a) Square Enix 47
(b) Grab 53
(c) Unilever 55
(d) Coca-Cola 57

iv
Preface
This book is made in order to fulfill the final project
assignment for writing class. It's been such a journey for
the past semester, and we have accumulated quite a lot of
written paragraphs about various subjects, showcasing all
kind of paragraphs from descriptive to narrative.

Guided by Mr. Junaidi, S.S., M.A. throughout this semester,

we have learned a lot on how to write in the style of
academical writing. Topics after topics were given each
week, and plenty of discussions have allowed us to revise
our writing until it became the best version. Though
sometimes we struggle, everything have finally become
worthwhile.

We would like to show our progress throughout this

semester in the form of this book. With displaying our
works, we hope that the readers can see how far we, as
students, have progressed.

With all of our heart, we hope that everyone could enjoy

reading this book filled with our writings. Thank you for
taking the time to read this preface, and please enjoy this
book of compilations.

Sincerely,
Ainun Najmah Alhadid
Katarina Nindita Widuri
Nadira Arum Maisya
and Trivena Victoria Assa

v
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 Places We Live In
A descriptive paragraph written about the place we
live in
 Place I Live In
Out of all the cities I have lived, the city that I live right
now, Depok, is one of the most memorable ones. Depok is
an urban city in West Java province, located within
Jakarta metropolitan area with a population of over two
million people.

While being a big and busy city with lots of conveniences,

including public and private schools, hospitals, and
shopping malls all around the corners, Depok is nowhere
as big and busy as the capital city, Jakarta. From what I
have seen, the people here are quite friendly. Most of the
strangers always smile and greet you back when you greet
them randomly on the street.

However, one thing to consider when you want to move to

Depok is to bring your cars or motorcycle, because Depok
is unfortunately not a friendly enough city for pedestrians.
By that, I mean, the roads here are quite spacious for your
vehicles, but there are very few sidewalks, so most of the
time, you have to be very careful walking on the very edge
of the busy roads.

Overall, while busy and crowded, Depok is a good enough

city to settle in while you work or study filled with friendly
locals despite having a flaw of not having enough
sidewalks.

Ainun Najmah Alhadid

2
 Jakarta, A City of Richness
Being a capital city, Jakarta has turned into a city rich in
culture. This is because as Jakarta is the central of
governmental and economical activities, many people
from all over Indonesia choose to move to Jakarta for
better opportunities. This leads Jakarta to become a
melting pot of not only domestic cultures, but also
international cultures. Marriage between different ethnic
groups have also become a common thing in Jakarta,
which lead to a blending of cultures.

Jakarta is also a city rich in cuisine, and you can never get
bored in Jakarta as there are many hidden gems can be
found by just simply travelling by foot. Being a melting pot
of cultures, Jakarta offers varied cuisines and you can find
many stalls along the road selling regional cuisines from
all over Indonesia such as sate padang, rawon, and many
more. You can also find fusion cuisines where foreign
cuisines are mixed with local cuisines, such as ayam
geprek sushi, sambal matah spaghetti, and many more.

Not only cuisine, Jakarta is also rich in history, with Kota

Tua being the base of VOC’s government operation. A lot
of Dutch-styled buildings are preserved for its historical
values and got repurposed as museums or restaurants.
For example, you can still visit Gereja Sion and attend
mass there with it being one of the oldest still operating
churches in Jakarta. There is also Fatahillah Museum,
which explained Jakarta’s history and the Indonesian
heroes being held captive in the underground holding
cells.

3
With the city itself packed with people, vehicles, and
buildings as far as eyes can see, Jakarta is a very crowded
city. Being a modern city, a lot of public transportations
are available for use such as MRT, LRT, Commuter Line,
and TransJakarta. But, with the number of private vehicles
still being used daily by citizens, it is to be expected that
traffic jam is a common occurrence, especially on roads
where people often pass through to get to their
workplace. Often, you can spend hours on the road just to
get from one place to another because of the traffic.

With all things considered, it is still worth it to consider

Jakarta as a place to live. There are a lot to be experienced
in Jakarta, not only the modern side, but also the
historical side and the cultural side.

Katarina Nindita Widuri

4
 Place I Live In
Depok is a city in West Java, Indonesia. Over time, Depok
has developed into a major commercial and educational
center.The City Garden residential area is famous for its
high quality of living.

Depok is a central area for businesses and government.

Numerous banks and insurance companies have their
headquarters in Depok's business district- Lebuh Liat. In
addition, Depok's Kota Raya railway station is one of the
biggest railway stations in Indonesia. This station connects
Depok to other cities in Indonesia and even to neighboring
countries. Other government offices are also located on
Lebuh Liat. This area has a high level of commercial
activity and transportation links.

Depok's government and financial district are located on

Lebuh Liat. The governor office is located here along with
several other government institutions. These include the
Depok legislature, the state bank and the district court.
Many educational institutions are also located on Lebuh
Liat- including four public universities and a private
university. In addition, JIka Lilitan, an international school
with English as the primary subject, also operates out of
this building.

Based on information from other sources, Depok is an

important commercial center with many governmental
offices and educational facilities. The growth rate of this
urban area is lower than others due to its central location.
However, The City Garden residential area is attracting
new residents due to its good facilities and accessibility.

Nadira Arum Maisya

5
 Place I Live In
Depok is a place that has many memories for many
people, especially for people who come to Depok to
pursue higher education. Depok location is close to
Jakarta which is the capital city of Indonesia. Depok has
many places to study, has many places to shop and also
has many places to work. It is already a fairly developed
area. Depok is also a place where the cost of living is more
affordable making it a comfortable place to live.

More than 2 million people choose to live in Depok,

besides the original people there, Depok also has many
immigrants from various regions, either to study or to
work. Of course it affects the traffic. The more people who
live in a place, the more congested the streets are. It also
affects the air, because the more drivers, the more
pollution they produce. Of course pollution is not only
produced by vehicles, pollution is also generated by waste
from disposal. Besides having bad traffic and air pollution,
Depok also has a crime rate of robbery, quite a lot of
robberies in Depok.

Depok is a great place to start something new, to study, to

work etc. It has a comfortable place to live at a price that
is right for immigrants, but also be careful with the
violence that exists in Depok. Every choice has a risk, so
we have to take that risk to start something new.

Trivena Victoria Assa

6
 Festivals
and
Celebrations
A descriptive paragraph written to describe
festivals and celebrations around the world
 Tomohon International Flower Festival
Tomohon International Flower Festival is an event held by
the Tomohon City Government in North Sulawesi
Province, Indonesia, in an attempt to further promote
their arts and culture to domestic and international
tourists, boosting their tourism in the process. It was held
for the first time in 8 February 2006 and since then has
been held annually, though the dates might vary
depending on the government’s schedule. Due to the
pandemic, however, the festival was cancelled for two
years, 2020 and 2021. Recently, the festival came back in
August and was held for a week, from 8 to 14 August 2022.

There are lots of activities going on in this festival, but the

highlights are Tournament of Flowers (or Flower Parade)
and Kontes Ratu Bunga (lit. flower queen contest).
Tournament of Flowers is a parade where resplendent
floats decorated with over-the-top flowers grace the city
roads. Some participants who join the parade, mainly
women, wear colorful flower-themed dresses. Meanwhile,
Kontes Ratu Bunga is a kind of beauty pageant where local
young women compete for the title of Ratu Bunga (lit.
flower queen). A Ratu Bunga will have an opportunity to
be the ambassador of Tomohon City and promote their
tourism further. In this competition, these women will be
judged mainly by their knowledge about tourism, flowers,
and Tomohon City.

Other than what has been mentioned, there are a lot more
activities organized during Tomohon International
Festival, including arts and cultural performances, like
music performances and traditional dances, mainly
showcasing the rich cultural aspects of the archipelago of
North Sulawesi.

8
This year, there was a music performances with kolintang,
a local traditional music instrument, as its spotlight. The
sweet sound of kolintangs blending perfectly with other
traditional instruments as well blew audiences’ mind
away. The other cultural performance that was held was a
traditional Minahasan martial art and war dance from this
province, called Kabasaran dance. Expectedly, the bright
red outfit that was worn by the performers immediately
caught everyone’s attention. Other than traditional
performances, there were also pop music performances
sung by famous Indonesian artists.

Every year, hundreds and thousands of people, locals and

tourists flock Tomohon City to witness this extravagant
festival with their own eyes. Joining the fun of this festival
is definitely a must when you visit Tomohon City on your
next holiday.

Ainun Najmah Alhadid

9
 Easter
Easter is a holiday celebrated by Catholics to celebrate
the resurrection of Jesus Christ, and it does not have a
fixed date as Church calendar follows Jewish calendar,
which is based on the lunar cycle. Usually, it is celebrated
on April, though there are some years where it falls on late
March. The preparation for Easter started from 42 days
before, called Lent season where Catholics fast for the
whole season in which they are only allowed one full meal
each day; the start of which is marked with Ash
Wednesday. Ash Wednesday is an important day to
Catholics where their forehead got marked with blessed
ashes made from burnt palm leaves used the previous
year, and it is to signify and as reminder of human
mortality and the need of reconciliation with God.

Everything proceeds as usual at church after that, and

things started to pick up a week before the celebration of
Easter with Palm Sunday, a day to celebrate the arrival of
Jesus Christ in Jerusalem. Catholics wave palm leaves to
greet Jesus’ arrival and got blessed with holy water at the
start of the entrance procession. The following week,
dubbed the “Holy Week”, starts with Maundy Thursday to
commemorate the Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the
Apostles, the painting of which has become one of the
most famous paintings in the world. It then followed by
Good Friday to commemorate the crucifixion and death of
Jesus Christ at Golgotha (Calvary). On Good Friday,
churches usually have a small pilgrimage to follow the
Way of the Cross, as a small stationary imitation of Via
Dolorosa, to follow the path Jesus took as he carries the
weight of the cross to the top of Golgotha. Some churches
are also known to make a reenactment of the event, for

10
example Jakarta’s Cathedral. After the death of Jesus on
Good Friday, Holy Saturday begins. On this day, mass
doesn’t happen and everything done at church is done in
silence. Once night comes, Catholics celebrate Easter
Vigil, a liturgy held as the first official celebration of the
Resurrection of Jesus Christ. While the celebration starts
off solemn with the blessing of Virgil candles in full
darkness, it ends in fanfare with happy songs being sung
as closing. The next morning is the day of Easter, which is
Easter Sunday, where everyone officially celebrates the
Resurrection of Jesus Christ. On that day, aside from
mass, churches usually hold an egg hunting competition
for kids where they hunt easter eggs.

While the whole procession is done by Catholics, non-

Catholics can also join in the celebrations, such as
participating in Easter Vigil to satisfy their curiosity, or
watch the reenactment of the Way of the Cross to know
the story behind the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. People
can also celebrate Easter in their own ways such as eating
out or get together for a meal with extended family or
friends. It is advised to be careful when participating in
the masses as it can get crowded, especially on Easter
Vigil. Keep your items close to your body and be careful
on your way out once the celebration is done, as everyone
rushed to get out of the building.

Katarina Nindita Widuri

11
 The Holi Festival
Holi, India`s festival of colours, celebrates the victory of
good and evil and the annihilation of the demon Holika. It
is celebrated the day after the full moon of the Hindu
Phalguna moon every year in early March.Holi or Festival
of Colors is an early spring festival that dominates in India,
Nepal, Bangladesh and the following countries which have
a Hindu population. Holi powder is made from corn flour
because it is made from organic material, this powder is of
course far from harmful chemicals.

The spirit of togetherness and frendship seems stronger

at this time than anywhere else in the year beacuse
everyone comes together under one roof at this time!
Even though it's not recommended because of how
dangerous it can be, many people still plai Holi where
there are no hazards.

People play in water throughout their neighborhoods

during Holi to celebrate springtime. They pour water on
each other or use water guns or squirt guns to throw water
at each other`s cheeks or eyes. They also wet sidewalks
and grassy areas so that everyone can play in mud as well.
Usually the colors used are orange,red, green, blue,
brown, black, yellow, magenta and purple.

This allows everyone to have fun in water and in mud

without worrying about getting wet themselves. They can
safely splash others while laughing heartily themselves.

Nadira Arum Maisya

12
 Thanksgiving Day in North Sulawesi
Giving thanks to the Almighty is the obligation of every
religious community. In order to give thanks, North
Sulawesi residents hold a thanksgiving every year.
Thanksgiving in North Sulawesi is held every Sunday in
September. Often held in different areas.

Thanksgiving was once held to give thanks for the large

harvest of the Minahasa tribes, then it was carried out in
churches and then families. Thanksgiving is held by
processing crops into food, during thanksgiving there are
many traditional foods from North Sulawesi, such as
Vegetable Pangi, Nasi Jaha (Ginger Rice), Vegetable Kotey
(banana trees then processed into food), Vegetable Paku
(pakis), and others. The harvest from each region in North
Sulawesi is different, that’s why a celebration is held
according to each region, so that family or acquaintances
from other regions can feel the harvest from the host.
Even people who are not known are welcome to taste the
dishes cooked by the host. Usually before the day begins,
the host has already told the people that he is going to
“open the house” for everyone. However, because there is
currently a pandemic, thanksgiving is held simultaneously
throughout North Sulawesi so that no relatives come to
visit.

Giving thanks to the creator with the harvest is a good

thing, especially if it is done by distributing it to everyone.
At least, you should feel how exciting thanksgiving is in
North Sulawesi.

Trivena Victoria Assa

13
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14
 The Internet
An opinion paragraph on the topic of :
The Internet wastes our time. It does not help us do
more work. Do you agree or disagree?
The topic of the advantages and drawbacks of the internet
is still one of most controversial long-time debate in this
digital era. Some people argue that surfing the internet is a
complete waste of time and that the internet has a lot of
negative impacts for the society. Meanwhile, others have a
completely different perspective. They think the internet
has a lot of advantages, especially in communication and
education. Personally, I disagree with the first opinion. I
think the internet has many tremendous benefits.

First of all, the internet is like a borderless world, where

there are no regions or countries. The internet makes it
easier for us to get information from all around the world
in a blink of an eye and this is really convenient when it
comes to communication. Without the internet, someone
who lives far away from their family will be having a hard
time to maintain their relationship. That person will need
to send letters that take ages to be delivered or go to their
family’s home to meet them in person. Both are too much
of a hassle. The internet makes communication and
information exchange much easier and cheaper.

Other than that, the internet is essentially a necessity

when it comes to education. Countless of students rely on
technology to find the right learning materials for their
needs. Educational videos, articles, research papers of
different topics from different authors all around the
world are accessed daily by students. The internet makes
it a lot easier for them to access a wider variety of those
materials because there are no boundaries in cyber space.
Physical libraries at schools are usually very limited in
providing learning materials for students.

16
Furthermore, the internet is crucial to keep education
going, especially during this pandemic. Even though it is
not the same as face-to-face meeting in a traditional
classroom, teachers can still hold classes for their
students virtually. If it was not because of the internet, the
damage done by this pandemic to education all around
the world would have been unimaginably horrendous
since schools nowadays are really dependent on the use
of virtual meeting software, CBT systems, and virtual
classroom platforms in order to make sure students’
academic well-being is still being taken care of during this
difficult time, all of which cannot possibly be accessed
without the internet connection

Hence, the internet is not useless. It helps us in a lot of

ways and is clearly an important aspect to keep this world
spinning. And this role is not expected to change anytime
soon.

Ainun Najmah Alhadid

17
The internet has existed for decades, and have been
improving as time goes on. With the advancement of
technologies, the internet also advances alongside it in
order to help people get more work done and explore their
interests. With the advancement of the internet,
information has become such an easy thing to obtain with
just a keyword on the search engine. We can take students
for example, as students often rely on the internet in
order to gather information more easily and freely, as
information on the internet are often given for free. Even
research papers have become an easily obtained item for
common people.

The internet has also become a place where people can

discover their interests, practice their crafts, and sharing
it to the world in the most efficient way possible. With the
existence of social media, everything has become easier to
access with almost no cost at all. Getting to know people
who have the same interests or in the same field has also
become easier, making networking easier especially for
work matters.

All in all, it can be concluded that the internet is a very

useful tool to help us with our everyday life. Not only
useful, it is also very helpful in socializing. As the
technological advances keep improving, we can expect
the internet to also improve and become more capable.

Katarina Nindita Widuri

18
In my opinion, people's physical health is negatively
affected when they spend too much time online. People
who don't get enough sleep tend to have poor physical
and mental health. They're also more likely to have
problems with concentration, eating habits, and moods.
Most people feel sleepy and energized after spending too
much time online. This is because the internet is a
sedentary environment that drains your energy levels.

The internet can be a dangerous place for conversations

to take place. Many people meet online and verbally
harass or bully others. These conversations are often
racist or involve hate speech toward various groups of
people. Such conversations can lead to physical violence
toward targeted individuals. Such violence then escalates
into even more severe problems such as murder or
suicide. This is how dangerous conversations start online-
but it's also easy to stop these interactions from leading
to real-life problems.

Not everything about the internet is bad, however. Many

people use computers or smartphones for their intended
purpose: looking at information quickly and efficiently.
This is especially useful when you're trying to find
information while looking for other tasks at the same time.
There's no problem with using electronic gadgets for our
intended purpose when they're used correctly. Problems
arise when we look at electronic devices for too long
without a break- which can cause vision impairment and
headaches. Actually depends on the person who uses the
internet, as long as someone does not use it excessively it
will not be dangerous.

Nadira Arum Maisya

19
Internet, who doesn’t know internet? 21st century is the
era of people using the internet. Everybody use internet,
even babies use the internet to be silenced. Some people
think that is internet wasting our time. In my opinion,
internet does not waste our time. There are a lot of
benefits you can get from the internet but it also takes
your time, but not waste your time.

Since the entry of the coronavirus, all activities rely on the

internet. starting from work, school and college, church
worship, and others are shifted to remote and using the
internet. At this time, if you don’t use the internet, you will
get lost and know nothing, because now everyone uses
the internet. I am the one of many people who use the
internet every day, from waking up in the morning until I
want to go back to sleep at night. I spend my time on the
internet, because everything is on the internet, my
assignment, news from lecturer, up-to-date information,
and others. The Internet has a lot of benefits, you can save
your money on the internet, learn, teach, buy food, book a
plane ticket, book a hotel, book a shuttle, and anything.
You can do anything on the internet, but it also takes your
time. Instead of playing with friends outside, now you can
play with friends while sitting at home. It may make you
more lazy, but to prevent the transmission of the
coronavirus, we must stay at home and carry out activities
using the internet.

Everything takes your time, you can’t stop time and do

your job. You have to take your time and do your thing,
with useful things of course. if you use the internet for
useless things, of course it will waste your time, but if you

20
use it in the right way, it can make your life easier. So, I
suggest to use the internet in the right way so as not to
waste time.

Trivena Victoria Assa

21
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22
 Weather
and
Climate
A descriptive paragraph related to analyzing
graphs on weather of a region or country we'd like
to visit
 Anchorage, Alaska: Weather and Tourism
Anchorage is the northernmost city in the U.S. located in
the state of Alaska. It is home to more than 250 thousands
people. It is the largest and the most urban city in Alaska
which has been recorded to attract thousands of travelers
every year with its big-city amenities, like restaurants,
museums, theaters, and shops, as well as nature
wilderness, such as Cook Inlet, a large, semi-enclosed
body of water extending north off of the central Gulf of
Alaska, between the Kenai Peninsula and the base of the
Alaska Peninsula and different mountain ranges: The
Alaska, Aleutian, Chugach, Kenai, Talkeetna, and Tordrillo
ranges.

Anchorage is generally quite warm most of the time. Warm

season in Anchorage lasts from May to September with an
average daily high temperature above 59 °F (15 0C). On
the other hand, the cold season roughly starts around
November and ends in March with an average daily high
temperature below 32°F (0 0C). The average temperature
from January to July is recorded to rise steadily until it
spikes in July, with an average high around 65 0F (19.4 0C)
and average low around 55 0F (12.8 0C). The coldest
month in Anchorage is January when the average high
temperature is only around 24 0F (-4.4 0C) and the
average below can reach 13 0F (-10.6 0C).

24
Anchorage is quite a dry region. Through January all the
way to June, the average precipitation recorded for each
of those months never reaches more than 1 inch (25.4
mm). April is the driest of them all with the average
precipitation of only around 0.5 inch (12.7 mm). The most
humid month is August with an average precipitation of
more than 3 inches (76.2 mm). Anchorage’s precipitation

for the period of April through July this year was the
driest ever recorded. It was so dry that Eric Drewitz, a
meteorologist with National Weather Service in
Anchorage, even claimed that it would take a series of
rainfalls to really end the drought.

Each year, Anchorage gets an average of 17 inches (431.8

mm) of rain. While The US in general gets an average of 38
inches (965.2 mm) of rain per year. According to the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s
official website, between 2000 and 2022, August and
September were the months with the highest average
mean of rain, each having an annual mean of 2.75 inches
(69.85 mm) and 3.24 inches (82.3 mm).

Anchorage has a subarctic climate which means that its

summers are mild, cool, and short. Spring in Anchorage

25
starts around March and ends around May. The weather
during these months is great if you are planning to visit
this city with lots of natural wildlife coming back to life
after being frozen in the winter. The recommended time to
travel to Anchorage during spring is late April to May
where the daytime temperature may reach 68 °F (20 °C).
During this time, people usually spend time by watching
Anchorage’s nature wildlife. Gray whales’ return from
migration, moose building their homes, bears being more
active, are a few natural activities you can watch during
spring in Anchorage.

Summer is the best time to visit Anchorage. From June to

August, the summer solstice in Anchorage means average
19 hours of sunlight. The sunlight hours can be as long as
22 hours. At this point, the midnight sun usually still hangs
in the sky a long time even after sundown, the sun merely
dips under the horizon. The streetlights do not need to be
flickered on. Which gives travelers plenty of time to
explore around the city more freely, allowing them to
enjoy their time to the fullest. This is why many travel
websites suggest travelers to travel during summer days.
Once winter starts, the sunlight hours can be reduced to
nearly 5.5 hours.

Furthermore, Anchorage’s amazing natural wonders, such

as Cook Inlet, Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center, Potter
Marsh Bird Sanctuary, and Eagle River Nature Center are
best visited during warmer months when the wildlife is at
its liveliest. During these times, the sky is clear so
travelers do not have to worry about fogs and clouds
covering beautiful ranges of mountains surrounding the
city.

Fall in Anchorage occurs from September to November.

26
While the average temperature drops to 59 °F (15 °C),
September can also be a good time to visit Anchorage due
to wonderful shades of fall people can witness in the wild.
Mosquitoes are gone during this month too so people can
enjoy their time strolling around peacefully. When
October comes around, the average temperature can drop
to 41 °F (5 °C).

It usually starts snowing around October when a

significant drop of temperatures usually occurs. Snow
mostly accumulates in Anchorage during December to
March. Typically, on at least half the days in those months,
the snow covering Anchorage amounts to ten (254 mm) or
more inches deep. The snow amounts to 20 inches (508
mm) or more deep on an average of 26 days a year. The
season's last snowfall normally happens in April. From
June to August, Anchorage is usually free of snow.
Snowstorms of over five inches a day is a normal
occurent.

During winter, especially when it snows, Anchorage’s sky is

often covered with clouds which decrease the amount of
sunlight and cut visibility down. As a result, Anchorage’s
amazing mountains’ peaks will not be vivid enough for
travelers to see. Instead, travelers usually opt to ski, skate,
or relax in spas. There are several popular destinations to
visit during winter in Anchorage, such as Hilltop Ski Area,
Kincaid Park, Hillside Park, Westchester Lagoon, and
Alyeska Resort.

To conclude, Anchorage is an urban city located in the

state of Alaska, USA with subarctic climate and low
precipitation. Its subarctic climate gives this city its mild
summers and its low precipitation makes it quite a dry

27
region. Warm season in Anchorage lasts from May to
September, while cold season lasts from November to
March. It has quite a lot of tourist attractions to visit for
each season, from Cook Inlet to Alyeska Resort. Anchorage
is normally dry throughout January to June, and it is most
humid in August. The area is prone to drought and the
weather during the winter is usually cloudy. I agree that
people should experience travelling this city at least once
in their lifetime.
Ainun Najmah Alhadid

28
 Climate in Rome and When to Visit
Rome is the capital city of Italy, and also the capital of the
Lazio region. It is located in the central-western portion of
the Italian Peninsula on the Tiber river, and also houses
the smallest country in the world, the Vatican City. It is
located near the Mediterranean Sea, which caused it to
experience the Mediterranean climate, with cool winters
and hot and warm summers.

Rome, being in Italy, is part of the Northern Hemisphere,

which caused it to have four seasons. In the winter which
lasted from December to February, the temperature can
fall as low as 13C. Then Rome enters spring which lasted
from March to May, with the temperature averaging at
16C. In the summer which lasted from June to August, the
temperature averaged out at around 30C, with the hottest
temperature peaked at 40C. Last is autumn which lasted
from September to November. The autumn have similar
climate to spring, though a bit colder as it is preparing to
enter winter, averaging at 22C.

The winter in Rome is the wettest time of the year, as the

rainfall averaged out at around 93 mm. Rome in winter
also get a pretty limited amount of sunlight, ranging from
3 to 5 hours of sunlight each day. If you plan to visit Rome
in the winter, you need to prepare warm clothes for the
cold weather, and also prepare umbrella and rainboots for
when it rains.

The spring and autumn in Rome are the prime seasons to

go sightseeing as the temperature is pretty mild. Though
not fit for sunbathing, the mild temperature would not
make you easily tired when walking around. The daylight
lasted normally, around 8 hours per day, which is pretty

29
friendly for tourists as they can have normal schedule
instead of having to adapt to the long sunlight in the
summer and the short sunlight in the winter.

In the summer, there is a low chance of rain, and the

daylight can range from 13 to 15 hours. The temperature
and low chance of rain makes Rome a prime destination in
the summer. Usually, people visit Rome in the summer for
a few days, and choose to spend the rest at nearby
beaches to sunbathe. As it can be very hot in the summer,
breathable clothes are advised. It is also advised for
tourists to bring modest clothing if they ever plan to visit
churches around the city or go inside Vatican City.

It is advised to check the weather every time you plan to

go out in Rome, as each seasons have different weather
patterns. Prepare sufficient amount and appropriate
clothing according to the season you are visiting Rome in.
Don’t forget to bring umbrella, raincoat, and rainboots to
prepare for the rain that might fall when you are going
outside. Aside from preparing for the weather, it is also
important to be careful of your belongings and watch out
for common scams such as charity scam and a lot of other
types. It is also good to prepare basic vocabulary in Italian
for simple communications with the locals.

In conclusion, visiting Rome have its advantages and

disadvantages for each season, as each seasons have their
own charm. Winter, while it can get pretty cold, have
ample chance of heavy rain, and have fairly short daytime,
it is the prime season to enjoy the holiday season. On the
other hand, though it can get very hot and fairly long
daytime, summer is the perfect time for night sightseeing,
trekking, mountain climbing, and enjoying music festivals.
Spring and autumn, though not fit for sunbathing, it is the
30
prime time for sightseeing as the temperature is mild
compared to other seasons.

Katarina Nindita Widuri

31
 Lisbon, Portugal
Summer in Lisbon is cool, but not cold. The average
temperature in Lisbon during the summer months is 76°F.
October brings cooler weather, with an average
temperature of 66°F. Although the city does get a lot of
rain, it doesn't stay there for long. In fact, Lisbon receives
more rain than other cities in Europe. The city gets an
average of 582 millimeters of precipitation each year. That
doesn't mean people must stay inside when they visit;
they just need to know how to stay comfortable when it
does rain.Winter lasts about six months and has a
Mediterranean climate with cool nights and mild days.
Spring is early in Portugal; spring weather usually starts in
March in Lisbon.

The weather in Lisbon varies a lot during the year. In fact,

the city experiences the highest average precipitation
during the winter months. January and February are
particularly wet months with an average of 526
millimeters of precipitation. March and April are also rainy
with an average of 558 millimeters of precipitation. May is
slightly drier with an average of 515 millimeters of
precipitation. June brings even less precipitation, with an
average of 497 millimeters of precipitation. July is also
somewhat rainy with an average rainfall of 511 millimeters.
August is slightly cooler with an average temperature of
77°F. September is also slightly cooler with an average
temperature of 79°F. October is still quite cool with an
average temperature of 66°F.

With Average temperature in lisbon, the warm season

lasts for 3.1 months, from June 19 to September 22, with
an average daily high temperature above 78°F. The hottest
month of the year in Lisbon is August, with an average

32
high of 83°F and low of 65°F.The cool season lasts for 3.6
months, from November 20 to March 6, with an average
daily high temperature below 63°F. The coldest month of
the year in Lisbon is January, with an average low of 47°F
and high of 58°F.

The climate in other parts of Portugal is similar to that

found in Lisbon, except for some notable differences. The
capital, Lisbon, experiences some of the wettest weather
in the world- more than any other city in Europe. It
receives an annual rainfall total that's higher than any
other city on earth! However, there's a lot of variation in
yearly rainfall figures for different areas of Portugal.
Gafanhuns, which sits below Lisboa, sees very little
rainfall- making it one of only two cities worldwide without
any rain! There are several ways to cope with Portugal's
wet climate; residents just need to know what works best
for them and their needs when they visit a wet
environment like theirs.

In spite of its unique weather, many people still find

inspiration within its natural beauty. The famous Baixa-
liveliness fills all corners of Lisbon during summer months
thanks to frequent showers and cool temperatures that
keep everyone comfortable without breaking a sweat. No
one need worry about their comfort or their creativity
when visiting this popular destination!

Nadira Arum Maisya

33
 Alor Island Indonesia Weather in 2022
Indonesia, is a country crossed by the equator. Because of
equator, Indonesia just have two types of weather, sun
and rain. You can have an adventure in one of the places
that provide the beauty of the sea. You can get it in Alor
island. Alor island is a part of Indonesia. It is located in
East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). Before you come there, you
must know the weather forecast there.

The hottest day time temperature there is 34°C in

November, 32°C in January and December, 31°C in March
and October, and 30°C in February, April, May and
September. Other than that the temperature is under
30°C in daytime. For the Night-time the coolest one is
August, it is 22°C, 23°C in July and September, and 24°C in
January to February and October to December, other than
that is 25°C. On February and December it is estimated
that there will be 32 days of rainfall, it is not good for
tourist to visit there on rainy days. And for April to
November, the rainfall is under 10 days.

In conclusion, the best month to visit Alor island is

February, April and March for the new adventure. The
most important thing is nobody know what it’s definitely a
low of nature, it could just change, and for now it’s
believable, because it’s a weather forecast.

Trivena Victoria Assa

34
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35
 Sydney Triathlon
A descriptive paragraph related to analyzing the
diagram of the Sydney Triathlon
 Prelude
For this section, we are required to write a paragraph
according to the following diagrams.
(On the left) Map of the Sydney Triathlon
routes
(Under here) Map of Royal Botanic
Gardens and Domain Trust Offices

(Under here) Satellite view of Farm Cove

and its surrounding area

(Above) Satellite view of the area where Sydney Triathlon takes place

From the pictures above, paragraphs about the Sydney

Triathlon are written in the following pages.

37
 The Sydney Triathlon
Triathlon is one of many recurring sporting events that
appear in the Olympics held in Sydney, Australia. It first
made its appearance during the 2000 Summer Olympics
and has since then gained the nickname “Sydney
Triathlon”. Sydney Triathlon in 2000 Summer Olympics
was held for two days, from 16 to 17 September 2000.
From that point on, Sydney Triathlon has become a
branch of sports beloved by all which is not only held
during the Olympics, but also during any other sporting
events held by several casual sport clubs. In Sydney
Triathlon, athletes have to go through three different
events: swimming, cycling, and running without stopping
between events. Each of them has fixed distances and
routes. Throughout the race, athletes get the chance to
pass several famous landmarks of the city.

First, each athlete starts swimming for 1 mile (1,500 km).

The swim leg takes place in the area of Farm Cove, close to
the infamous Sydney Opera House. The start line is
located near the middle of the inlet. Athletes are required
to exactly follow the designed zigzag route and finish on
the shore near Mrs. Macquaries Point.

After that, the cycling part starts. This part consists of

three laps with a total of 25 miles (40 km). Along the ride,
the athletes get to enjoy the beautiful green view of Royal
Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Offices, passing
Volunteers Memorial. Along the way, the route leads the
athletes to pass State Library of New South Wales (better
known as Central Library). A little bit further, the route will
lead them really close to Sydney Opera House. Passing
Sydney Opera House, the athletes have to go under a
tunnel. A little bit further than that, the athletes will ride

38
along the Sydney Harbor Bridge, and then go back for
another lap.

The last one is the running part. In this part, each athlete
leaves their bike behind and starts to run from the
“Change-over point”. The route length in total is 6.2 miles
(10 km) and the athletes have to go through it in two laps.
Most parts of the run leg are actually similar to the first-
half of the bike leg. Athletes will go through Royal Botanic
Gardens and Domain Trust Offices areas, passing
Volunteers Memorial. The notable difference is that in the
run leg, the athletes make a turn to the right on the first
three-way junction across Central Library, whereas in the
bike leg, they just go straight ahead. After that, they
repeat the process for another lap. Finally, they will reach
the finish line which is located in a certain downtown area
of Sydney.

Based on all of those long and seemingly complicated

steps, Sydney Triathlon may seem like the most tedious
sporting events in the Olympics. But, in reality, it is the
complete opposite, knowing that the athletes can get the
health benefits from swimming, cycling, and running
combined, plus getting to enjoy the beautiful Sydney
along the way, needless to say, it is all worth it in the end.

Ainun Najmah Alhadid

39
 Sydney Triathlon
The Sydney Triathlon is a sport competition held in
Sydney. The triathlon itself originated with the San Diego
Track Club and consist of 3 sports, which are swimming,
cycling, and running. The triathletes have to do all three
sports in a certain order continuously without rest, testing
their endurance and compete for the fastest finish time. It
then got awarded Olympic status and was featured for the
first time in 2000 for the Sydney Olympic, with the gold
medalist being Simon Whitfield from Canada for the men's
individual section and Brigitte McMahon from Switzerland
for the female's individual section.

People all around the world train their endurance in order

to be able to participate in the triathlon competition. In
average, it takes around 3 hours in average to finish the
whole course, though professional triathletes can finish
the course in around an hour. Rests are allowed in any
part of the courses, with water being handed at the
beginning, middle, and the end of the race.

There are several rules to be followed by triathletes

during the race. First of all, they have to wear their
number and it must be visible at all times during the race.
Headphones or any other audio devices are not allowed to
be worn during the race. In the swimming section, if the
water is below 60.8 degree Fahrenheit or 16 degree
Celsius, it becomes mandatory for triathletes to wear
wetsuit. If the water is above 84 degree Fahrenheit or 29
degree Celsius, wetsuit is not allowed to be worn. Lastly
for the biking section, triathletes have to wear approved,
untampered helmet and a chin strap at all times troughout
the segment. Failure to adhere to any of the rules will
result in disqualification.

40
In the Sydney Triathlon course, the contestants have to
start by swimming as far as 1500 m, which is already quite
tiring by itself. Once they reach the end of the swimming
course, they have to ride a bike through a fixed 40 km
course or approximately 3 laps. They have to bike past the
Central Library, through the tunnel, and across the
Sydney Harbor Bridge. Once they reach the bridge, they
have to go back to the changeover point via the same
route. The changeover point is located where they started
their cycling course, so the contestants have to cycle back
to that location. The contestants then have to switch over
from cycling to running through the 20 km course to the
finish line, where they can finally end the whole course
once they cross over the finish line.

The whole triathlon course is very exhausting to go

through, as you have to continuously push your body to
finish it. Though it is a grueling competition, it is a
rewarding one, as it keeps your body healthy and fit to be
able to go through the whole course.

Katarina Nindita WIduri

41
 Sydney Triathlon
The sport of triathlon involves many races or
competitions, including swimming, cycling, and running.
The contemporary triathlon has its roots in California from
the 1970s. The competitors in this sport must have
endurance and physical strength because the match will
last a long time. Triathlons are an enjoyable and effective
method to stay in shape. The most beginner-friendly sport
is swimming. Swimming is easier than cycling, but most
people can do it. Running is the most challenging exercise,
thus it is best left to people who are already in good
physical shape. Despite the fact that completing a
triathlon requires a lot of effort and weight. But the
participants' enthusiasm in taking part in the triathlon is
rising.

Levels in this sport of triathlon include short (400 meters

of swimming, 10 kilometers of cycling, and 2.5 kilometers
of running), medium (800 meters of swimming, 40
kilometers of cycling, and 10 kilometers of running), and
long distances (2000 meters of swimming, 80 kilometers
of cycling, and 200 kilometers of running) (38 kilometers
swimming, 112 meters cycling, 400 kilometers running).
The advantages of triathlons are numerous, including
weight loss, a healthy lifestyle (body intake greatly affects
physical strength when doing triathlons), strengthening
the body's energy, and training the muscles of the body
(swimming can strengthen the upper body muscles while
cycling and running help strengthen the lower muscles)
(can burn a lot of calories to fat on the body).

As a result, it can be said that triathlon competitors must

have great levels of physical stamina because the event
lasts a very long period. A triathlete cannot stop during

42
the race, with the exception of changing equipment, as
triathlon is a sport that is performed continuously in one
unit of time. For this reason, it is necessary to participate
in triathlon sporting events through physical preparation
and a healthy diet. A triathlete needs self-control to
maintain and train physically as well as to be physically fit.
Because triathletes cannot participate in triathlon sports
contests properly if they lack discipline in that area. A
triathlete must also maintain a healthy and consistent
food intake to reach peak fitness. They need to eat food.

Nadira Arum Maisya

43
 Sydney Triathlon
The Greek words "treis", meaning three, and "athlos",
meaning competition, are the origins of the term
"triathlon". In 1920, Scott Tinley, a native of the
Philippines, invented the current version of the sport. In
the 1970s, the sport made a comeback and new rules were
added. A triathlon is a competition that includes three
activities, such as swimming, cycling and running. These
three sport are performed simultaneously. At the Sydney
Olympics in 2000, the sport made its debut on the
Olympic schedule over the Olympic Distance (swim:
1,500m; bike: 40km; run: 6.2mi).

The first one is swimming. People taking part in this game

have to swim 1,500m. This portion of the event is held in
Farm Cove, which is close to the well-known Sydney
Opera House, on a 1-mile lap swimming circuit. The
participants must go to the finish line, which exist in the
northern part of the cove, next to Mrs. Mcquarie's Chair.
After the participants got there, they must continue with
cycling, that the participants must cycle on a
predetermined route with distance of 40km. They will
arrive the change-over spot after passing the Central
Library, the Sydney Opera house, a tunnel and Sydney
Harbor Bridge before turning into bike through the same
path. Before reaching the finish line at the southern end of
the Royal Botanical Gardens, competitors must complete
two rounds of the 6.2 mile route. And that's the last part
of the competition.

Looks like this competition is hard to win. But if it's too

easy, not interesting, it will be a boring competition. The
hard part is the interesting part of a race.

Trivena Victoria Assa

44
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45
 History of
Major Companies
A narrative paragraph to explain the history of our
chosen companies
History of One of the Biggest Gaming Company in
the World, Square Enix

Square Enix, or officially, Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd, is

a giant multinational holding company, headquartered at
the Shinjuku Eastside Square Building in Shinjuku, Tokyo,
famous for producing entertainment media, especially
games. Among gamers, this company is best known to
produce some of the most successful Japanese Role-
Playing Games (JRPG), such as Final Fantasy, NieR, Dragon
Quest, Star Ocean, and Kingdom Hearts.

However, things were not always like they are today.

Before April 2003, Square Enix was two separate small
and local companies, Enix ─
which was established in
1975─ and Square –which was established in 1983 , ─
trying to meet a much narrower market’s demand and stay
afloat.

Enix started out as Eidansha Boshu Service Center in 1975,

founded by Yuji Horii and Koichi Nakamura. It was not until
August 1982 that the company finally changed its official
name to Enix Corporation. At that time, the Role-Playing
Games (RPG) genre was dominated by American
developers with games like Ultima and Wizardy being
impressive dungeon-crawlers with no-so-impressive
storylines. Enix strived to make RPG games with great
storylines, likeable characters, and amazing soundtracks,
47
which was just what the local market demanded at that
time.

Enix went on to create Dragon Quest which was released

on May 1986. It turned out to be a massive success with
more than one million copies sold and changed the world
of JRPG forever. With the success of the first installation
of Dragon Quest series, of course Enix did not hesitate to
continue expanding the series. They continued to release
other installations for the main plotline as well as
producing several spinoffs. Dragon Quest II, III and IV were
released for Nintendo's highly successful NES console.
They were all released from 1987 to 1990. After that, they
continued to make Dragon Quest V and VI which were
released on the SNES 1992 and 1995.

Enix also teamed up with several small but promising

teams at that time, like Quintet and tri-Ace which created
what many considered as masterpieces at that time, Soul
Blazer (1992) and Star Ocean (1996), respectively. Soul
Blazer was successful enough to be made into a trilogy,
consisting of Soul Blazer, Illusion of Gaia, and Terranigma,
while Star Ocean series is still going well to this day with
the last installation being Star Ocean: The Divine Force
which was release on October 27, 2022.

At this point, Enix was also busy publishing games for

Sony and Nintendo, which in turn helped rising their stock
value. With all this success, by 1999, Enix was considered
a powerful game company based on its constantly
growing stocks. An amazing milestone for Enix to get since
the first two decades of their career.

Despite how independently strong Enix had been going up

to this point, the gaming world kept on changing over
48
time, new generation of consoles kept on popping up and
it became one of the reasons why making games became
more and more difficult and expensive, even for Enix. Enix
got into trouble when they were trying to release Dragon
Quest VII in North America. There was a problem during
the development phase that made delay become
inevitable. More time needed to release the game means
extra budget spent. In 2002, tri-Ace’s attempt to begin
developing Star Ocean 3 needed a bigger budget because
of lots of voice overs, facial expressions, and overall very
detailed graphics they wanted to put in the game in order
to make the game more marketable among the constantly
growing world of JRPGs.

On the other hand, Square Co., Ltd was founded in 1983

by Masafumi Miyamoto. The company mostly developed
games for Nintendo Entertainment System and MSX
computer. Square’s early games were the opposite of
successful. King's Knight, their vertical story shooter game
from 1985, was considered horrible and their 3D World
Runner, which was released in 1987, did not sell well.

Square was on the verge of bankruptcy when they

developed Final Fantasy, a JRPG which was heavily
inspired by Enix’s Dragon Quest. Final Fantasy was
released on December 18, 1987 under the direction of
Hironobu Sakaguchi and it turned out to be a big hit. It was
really successful that the game even got a worldwide
release.

From that point on, they continued to expand Final

49
Fantasy as a series and it became the most brilliant thing
Square had ever created, stabilizing their reputation as a
good JRPG creator. Square then sought to make more
JRPGs, they released Romancing SaGa and Seiken
Densetsu in 1991, Final Fantasy: Mystic Quest in 1992,
Chrono Trigger and Front Mission in 1995, Bahamut
Lagoon and Super Mario RPG in 1996, the list went on.

Square’s success did not stop there. In 1997, they released

the fan-favourite Final Fantasy VII. With a lot of beautiful
cinematic sequences to make the story felt alive, a
stylistic point-of-view, and a modern cyberpunk setting,
Final Fantasy VII was beloved by gamers and it still is to
this day. Final Fantasy VII forever changed the following
Final Fantasy installations with later games’ style of
storytelling still inspired by Final Fantasy VII’s.

Still in 1997, they also released non-JRPGs, like Einhänder,

which was a horizontal shoot-em-up game. In this year,
they also released the fighting games, Bushido Blade and
Tobal No.1. They continued to make JRPGs in the
following year, such as Xenogears, Parasite Eve, Final
Fantasy Tactics in 1998; Final Fantasy VIII and Chrono
Cross in 1999; as well as Final Fantasy IX and Vagrant
Story in 2000.

Being the creators of great JRPGs, Enix and Square were

rivals back then but around the year 2000, they started
talking about the possibility of them merging. But with
console generation changed from the 32/64-bit generation
to the 128-bit generation, their non-RPG PS2 games not
performing well in the market, and their Final Fantasy: The
Spirits Within flopped in the box office in 2001, Square
faced yet another financial problem which made Enix

50
hesitate proceeding with the merger. Square proceeded to
strike another jackpot with their Final Fantasy X which was
released in 2001. Their Kingdom Hearts also did well in the
market. All of these finally made both Enix and Square
resumed their talk about the merger and succeeded in
doing so in April 2003. They became one under the name
Square Enix Co., Ltd.

Square Enix continued to grow and gain new subsidiary

companies and branches. Square Enix China was launched
in 2005 followed by Square Enix Europe, Square Enix
Montreal, and Square Enix USA. Square Enix is still growing
and expanding to this day. They work with many Western
companies. For example, Square Enix is responsible for
publishing Ubisoft titles in Japan. One of them was
Assassin’s Creed, which turned out to be a big hit. Square
Enix also makes merchandise for other companies’ titles,
such as Mass Effect and Halo. Square Enix also works with
companies like Viz Media and Funimation Entertainment
to publish manga and anime, such as Fullmetal Alchemist
and Soul Eater.

In 2009, Square Enix purchased Eidos and together with

Square Enix Europe, they have been publishing games,
such as Tomb Raider, Hitman, and Deus Ex in Europe. In
2017, Square Enix stroke yet another big success with
NieR: Automata, an action-RPG with hack-and-slash
mechanics and gorgeous, orchestral soundtracks. This led
to them producing several books regarding NieR:
Automata’s lore and holding several concerts. The less-
known prequel to NieR: Automata, NieR Replicant was
remastered thanks to this success. The remastered
version, NieR Replicant ver.1.22474487139..., was released
in 2021 which also turned out to be yet another big hit in
the gaming world.
51

Square Enix is still expanding their wings to produce more

than just JRPGs, more than just Final Fantasy. Even
though JRPGs were what made them famous in the first
place, Square Enix does not want to limit their potential.
Square Enix proceeds to expand their wings in the world
of entertainment media, especially games, worldwide.

Ainun Najmah Alhadid

52
 Grab
Nowadays, it has become a common thing to order a ride
just by opening an app. Not only a ride, people now can
also order food from anywhere around them from one
single app, without having to call the restaurants to place
an order. Even more, people can go cashless as now there
are a lot of e-wallet options to choose from, and they can
pay for everything just with a scan of a barcode. You must
have heard of the company we are going to be talking
about, who holds the ability to do all of the above by just
using one application.

Grab is a well-known company throughout South East Asia

as it is one of the first company to create a super-app
where people can book rides, order food deliveries, and
even for digital payments. First started out in Kuala
Lumpur on 2012 as a way to book taxis named MyTeksi, it
then expanded to GrabTaxi, and in 2014 moved their
headquarters to Singapore and rebranded themselves as
Grab. Now, the company itself have become South East
Asia’s decacorn, as they are over $10 billion in valuation.

It began as an idea from Anthony Tan while he was at

Harvard Business School. He then launched an app named
MyTeksi together with Tan Hooi Ling, his fellow Harvard
graduate. The app got released in Malaysia and was
started with an initial grant from Harvard Business School
along with Anthony Tan’s personal capital, with Malaysian
Cradle Fund being one of the earliest investors. Then,
GrabTaxi expanded to the Philippines, Singapore, and
Thailand in 2013. In 2014, it continued to expand to other
countries in South East Asia, such as Vietnam and
Indonesia. In the same year, GrabTaxi launched its first
GrabBike service in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, as trial. The

53
headquarter also got moved from Malaysia to Singapore,
with Anthony Tan taking up Singaporean citizenship soon
after. GrabBike continued to spread throughout Vietnam
and Indonesia by 2015, along with the launch of GrabCar+
and GrabExpress courier service.

The rebranding to Grab happened in January 2016 along

with a new and redesigned logo. In the same year,
GrabChat also got added to the app in order to allow
simple communications between riders and drivers, with
the ability to translate messages if the set languages
between the driver and rider are different. GrabRewards
rewards programme, GrabShare taxi and car-sharing
services also got added into the app in the same year. The
next following years, Grab continued to add and improve
their services until it reached to what we currently have
now in our phones.

Grab has wormed its way to our phone and became one of
the most essential apps for a lot of people. Looking at how
fast the company had grown in the past few years, it can
be seen that Grab would not be stopping anytime soon.
Now, Grab can cater to almost all of our needs; from
ordering a ride, ordering food, delivery service, and even
health service.

Katarina Nindita Widuri

54
 Unilever
Established on 5 December 1933, Unilever Indonesia has
grown to become one of Indonesia’s leading multinational
Fast Moving Consumer Goods companies with purpose-
led brands and people. Unilever is a well-known
international corporation that produces consumer goods
and has its main office in Rotterdam, Netherlands. At least
206,000 people are purportedly employed by the
corporation, which was formed in 1930. Unilever was
established on December 5, 1933, in Indonesia under the
name Zeepfabrieken N.V. Lever. On July 22, 1980, it
changed its name to PT Lever Brothers Indonesia.

With a number of businesses in different industries, PT

Unilever Indonesia continues to grow its company. On
November 22, 2000, the former and PT Anugrah Indah
Pelangi signed a contract covering manufacture,
development, marketing, and sales. In addition, on July 3,
2002, entered into a contract with Texchem Resources
Berhad to form PT Technopia Lever. The business
distributes, exports, and imports products with the
Domestos Nomos trademark. On the basis of the
Extraordinary GMS's decision, Unilever Indonesia later
purchased the shares of PT Knorr Indonesia from Unilever
Overseas Holdings Limited on January 21, 2004. Unilever's
products are expanding and the market is expanding as a
result of this partnership.

More than 40 brands, including Bango, Royco, Rinso,

Molto, Sunlight, Pepsodent, Lux, Lifebuoy, Dove, Sunsilk,
Clear, Rexona, Vaseline, Wall's, Buavita, Cif, Super pell,
Sariwangi, Ponds, and many others, are distributed by
Unilever in Indonesia. Pepsodent was the first Unilever
product to catch on with consumers, a toothpaste brand

55
that the Indonesian population undoubtedly uses
frequently. Pepsodent is reportedly the oldest toothpaste
brand in Indonesia as well.

Unilever's marketing strategy, which it has put into

practice, aims to attract customers and be able to
compete with other businesses by using product
differentiation, reasonable prices, understanding
consumer behavior, concentrating on market
opportunities, and fostering closeness between suppliers
and customers.

Nadira Arum Maisya

56
 Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola, who doesn't know Coca-Cola? Everybody know
Coca-Cola. It is almost impossible for someone who never
drank Coca-Cola before. Coca-Cola is a soft drink that is
loved by many people. It's very tasty and has sweetness
and of course it has coke in it, that's what makes Coca-
Cola very attractive.

May 8, 1886 is the beginning of Coca-Cola, it was found by

John Styth Pemberton. He supposed to be a pharmacist
from Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Coca-Cola was originally
created not to be consumed as a dessert drink, at first, he
tried to make a syrup that could cure disease. Coca-Cola
was originally made from a mixture of coca leaves and
added to the caffeine effect of the kola nut. So, the name
Coca-Cola was created because Coca-Cola is made from
these two ingredients. But there was a debate with the use
of coca leaves and it caused John's business to fail. He
eventually sold Coca-Cola to his friend Griggs Candler.
Griggs then introduced Coca-Cola to the public, and it was
a very good marketing trick. Because at first Coca-Cola
used coca leaves, so people still thought that Coca-Cola
was still using coca leaves, then he changed the mix of
Coca-Cola and turned it into a ready-to-drink drink that
everyone could consume.

Because sales of Coca-Cola were very high in the USA and

accepted by the market, in 1890 Coca-Cola cooperated
with bottle manufacturers, and finally allowed the sale of
Coca-Cola in bottles. With this, Coca-Cola became more
successful and attracted various groups.

Trivena Victoria Assa

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58
The End
 Writing
Project
AINUN NAJMAH ALHADID - KATARINA NINDITA WIDURI
NADIRA ARUM MAISYA - TRIVENA VICTORIA ASSA

After a semester of writing class, a final assignment was given to

groups of students for them to compile all of their accumulated
writings into one book for each group. Our group which consisted
of Najmah, Katarina, Dira, and Vena, proceeded to do as required
and have compiled all of our writings from the past months into
this one little e-book titled Writing Project.