NQH’S Edition – Student’s Book 2019 – 2020

UNIT 5 – CAN YOU HELP?

READING PASSAGE 1

WORD LIST
Lexical Items Examples
overload (n., v.) 1. People today suffer from information
/ˌəʊvəˈləʊd/ overload.
à ________________________________
2. Don't overload the washing machine, or it
won't get the clothes clean.
1 à ________________________________
overloaded (a.) 3. The market is already overloaded with
/ˌəʊvəˈləʊdɪd/ car magazines – why would anyone want
to prodice another one?
à ________________________________

cut (n., v.) 1. Buyers will bargain hard to cut the cost
/kʌt/ of the house they want.
Collocations: à ________________________________
2 tax/budget/price/funding/power cuts 2. The company has made another round
of job cuts this year.
à ________________________________

reside (v.) 1. The family now resides in southern France.

/rɪˈzaɪd/ à ________________________________
resident (n, a) 2. The local residents were angry at
/ˈrezɪdənt/ the lack of parking spaces.
à ________________________________
3. She's resident abroad/in Moscow.
à ________________________________
residence (n.) 4. Jeff has permanent residence in Canada,
3 /ˈrezɪdəns/ but is still a US citizen.
à ________________________________
residential (a.) 5. It was not safe to locate the chemicals
/ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/
factory in a residential area.
à ________________________________
non-residential (a.) 6. It’s a quiet, non-residential area.
/ˌnɒn ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/

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panic (n., v.) 1. There's no point getting into a

/ˈpænɪk/ panic about the exams.
à ________________________________
2. I panicked when I saw smoke coming out
of the engine.
à ________________________________
panicky (a.) 3. I got a panicky phone call from Emma
/ˈpænɪki/ yesterday.
à ________________________________
4 panic-stricken (a.) 4. Phi Nhung was so panic-stricken that she
/ˈpænɪk strɪkən/ wanted to “xỉu”.
à ________________________________

galaxy (n.) 1. Scientists are observing phenomena in

/ˈɡæləksi/ nearby galaxies.
à ________________________________
5 2. A galaxy of Hollywood stars acts in this
film.
à ________________________________

spot (n., v.) 1. Which has spots, the leopard or the tiger?
/spɒt/ à ________________________________
2. This is a favourite spot for walkers and
climbers.
à ________________________________
3. Can you spot the difference between
these two pictures?
Idioms: à ________________________________
__________ the spot 4. He answered the question ______ the
6 spot.
5. I was given an ______ -the-spot parking
fine.
6. An ambulance was ______ the spot within
glued/riveted/rooted ______ the spot minutes.
7. I stood rooted ______ the spot when I saw
what happened.
put sb ___________ the spot 8. The interviewer's questions really put him
______ the spot.

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block (n., v.) 1. The museum is just six blocks away.

/blɒk/ à ________________________________
Collocations: 2. She lives in a modern apartment block.
a block of flats à ________________________________
a tower block
an office block

stray (n, a., v.) 1. The girl in the picture is feeding stray
/streɪ/ dogs.
à ________________________________
2. "Who owns that cat?" "I don't know.
I think it must be a stray."
à ________________________________
3. They got lost when they stayed too far
from the path.
à ________________________________

8
astray (a) 4. Several letters ________ astray or were not
/əˈstreɪ/ delivered.
à ________________________________
5. The argument is so complex, a reader
might easily ________ astray.
à ________________________________
6. Jack's parents thought the other boys
might ________ him astray.
à ________________________________

hatch (v) 1. The eggs are about to hatch.

/hætʃ/ à ________________________________
2. The female must find a warm place to
hatch her eggs.
9 à ________________________________

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hatchery (n.) 3. The study included a total of 7 different

/ˈhætʃəri/ hatcheries, and 17 different poultry houses
on 17 different farms.
à ________________________________

confuse (v.) 1. They confused me with too much

/kənˈfjuːz/ information of what happened.
à ________________________________
2. All this information can be confusing to
confusing (a.) new users.
10 /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/
à ________________________________
3. He was depressed and in a confused
confused (a.)
state of mind.
/kənˈfjuːzd/
à ________________________________

insect (n.) 1. There are about 30 million species of

/ˈɪnsekt/ insects in the world.
à ________________________________
2. These crops have been sprayed with
insecticide (n.)
/ɪnˈsektɪsaɪd/ insecticides.
11
à ________________________________
insectivore (n.) 3. My friend, ________, is breeding some
/ɪnˈsektɪvɔː(r)/ kinds of insectivores.
à ________________________________

swarm (n., v.) 1. The dead sheep was covered with

/swɔːm/ swarms of flies.
à ________________________________
2. A swarm of photographers followed the
star’s car.
12
à ________________________________
3. During the summer, tourists swarm the
little beachside town.
à ________________________________

feed (v.) 1. It's important to feed children a well-

/fiːd/ balanced diet.
à ________________________________
2. Butterflies feed _________ the flowers of
garden plants.
13
à ________________________________
3. They have a large family to feed.
à ________________________________

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reproduce (v.) 1. It is illegal to reproduce these worksheets

/ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/ without permission from the publisher.
à ________________________________
2. Most reptiles reproduce by laying eggs on
land.
14 à ________________________________
reproduction (n.) 3. They are studying reproduction in shellfish.
/ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃn/ à ________________________________
4. There is some concern that melatonin
reproductive (a.)
may affect the female reproductive system.
/ˌriːprəˈdʌktɪv/
à ________________________________

decline (n., v.) 1. His interest in the project declined after

/dɪˈklaɪn/ his wife died.
à ________________________________
2. There has been a decline ______ the size
of families.
15
à ________________________________
3. This area has been _________ the decline
for some years now.
à ________________________________

creep (phr.) 1. A few mistakes always creep in during

/kriːp/ the editing process.
à ________________________________
16 2. Doubts began to creep into my mind
about the likely success of the project.
à ________________________________

curtain (n.) 1. Heavy curtains blocked out the sunlight.

/ˈkɜːtn/ à ________________________________
2. They could see nothing through the
17 curtain of rain/smoke.
à ________________________________

pattern (n.) 1. The pattern of family life has been

/ˈpætn/ changing over recent years.
Collocations: à ________________________________
behaviour/sleep/growth patterns 2. The curtains had a floral pattern.
18 à ________________________________
stress/intonation/speech patterns 3. The design is so good it's sure to set
the pattern for many others.
à ________________________________

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disrupt (v.) 1. Bus services will be disrupted tomorrow

/dɪsˈrʌpt/ because of the bridge closure.
à ________________________________
disruption (n.) 2. We aim to help you move house with
/dɪsˈrʌpʃn/ minimum disruption to yourself.
19
à ________________________________
disruptive (a.) 3. She had a disruptive influence on the rest
/dɪsˈrʌptɪv/ of the class.
à ________________________________

depress (v) 1. Wet weather always depresses me.

/dɪˈpres/ à ________________________________
2. The recession has depressed the housing
depressed (a) market.
/dɪˈprest/ à ________________________________
3. He seemed a bit depressed about his
work situation.
à ________________________________
4. In a depressed market, it's difficult to sell
depressing (a) goods unless you lower your prices.
Collocations: à ________________________________
A depressing 5. Looking for a job these days can be
sight/thought/experience depressing.
20 depressingly (adv) à ________________________________

depressant (n) 6. Alcohol is a depressant.

/dɪˈpresnt/
à ________________________________
7. She’s been on antidepressant ever since
antidepressant (n)
her husband died.
/ˌæntidɪˈpresnt/
à ________________________________
8. She suffered from severe depression after
depression (n)
/dɪˈpreʃn/ losing her job.
à ________________________________
9. The stock market crash marked the start
of a severe depression.
à ________________________________
cancer (n.) 1. Most skin cancers are completely
/ˈkænsə(r)/ curable.
cancerous (a.) à ________________________________
21 /ˈkænsərəs/ 2. Surgeons removed a
Collocations: cancerous growth from her lung.
cancerous cells/growths/tumours à ________________________________

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dim (a., v.) 1. He sat in a dim corner of the waiting

/dɪm/ room.
à ________________________________
22 2. The lights dimmed and the curtains
opened.
à ________________________________

lighting (n.) The lighting in the living room is too dim.

23 /ˈlaɪtli/ à ________________________________

marvel (n., v.) 1. This miniature phone is the latest

/ˈmɑːvl/ technological marvel from Japan.
à ________________________________
2. The girl paused to marvel
_____ something on the screen.
à ________________________________
24

3. He's done a marvelous job of the

marvelous (a.) painting.
/ˈmɑːvələs/ à ________________________________

ELECTRIC LIGHT OVERLOAD

Paragraph 1: In 1994, Los Angeles had

an earthquake that caused a power cut,

suddenly the city was in complete darkness.

Some resident phoned the emergency

services in a panic and said that they had

seen a giant silvery cloud in the sky. The

authorities explained that they were looking

at the Milky Way galaxy – it was usually

hidden because of the city’s light!

Paragraph 2: Next time you get the

chance, look up into the night sky. What do

you see? Probably not much. Even in the countryside, the stars are harder to spot now. It’s all

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because of light pollution from our towns and cities. Streetlights shine onto empty roads and

car parks; shop fronts and office blocks are lit up after everyone has gone home, and security

lights flash on and off as stray cats wander through gardens. Most cities and towns are so

bright at night that they can be seen from space!

Paragraph 3: This is not only wasting energy, but it seriously affects wildlife and the

ecosystem. After hatching on the beach, for instance, baby turtles use the sun going down

on the horizon to get back to the sea. But they get confused by the bright lights of seafront

hotels and can’t find their way. Flying insects also swarm around streetlights and birds sing at

midnight, becoming too exhausted to feed and reproduce. This causes their number to

decline.

Paragraph 4: Light pollution is affecting us, too. When street light creeps in through the

curtains, our sleep patterns get disrupted. This isn’t just making us tired; lack of sleep can lead

to serious illnesses such as depression, heart disease and even cancer.

Paragraph 5: Fortunately, many towns and cities are starting to dim their streetlights

and switch off unnecessary lighting. Also, once a year during ‘Earth Hour’, people in more

than 7,000 cities and towns in over 150 countries switch off their lights for an hour. Why not

take part next year? You can also use low-energy bulbs and switch off lights when you aren’t

using them. All of this will help! From the beginning of time, man has marvelled at the night

sky. Let’s work together to reduce light pollution and protect our beautiful skies!

TASK 1 - Read again and match the headings (A-F) to the paragraphs (1-5). There is

one extra heading. Which words helped you decide?

A. Finding Solutions B. Brightness We Don’t Need

C. Keeping Us Awake D. Getting Worse and Worse

E. Seeing the Stars Again F. Tragic Effects on Nature

Paragraph 1: ___________________ Paragraph 2: ___________________

Paragraph 3: ___________________ Paragraph 4: ___________________

Paragraph 5: ___________________

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TASK 2 - In your own words, answer the questions.

1. What is light pollution?

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How does it affect people and animals?

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What can we do to solve the problem?

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

TASK 3 - Complete the sentences with: in, to, through, on, of, by.

1. Birds get confused _________________ artificial light.

2. I can see storm clouds _________________ the horizon.

3. Her lack _________________ sleep makes her very tense.

4. There are a lot of stars _________________ the sky tonight.

5. Tiredness can lead _________________ health problems.

6. Stray cat and dogs wander _________________ the streets.

TASK 4 - Match the words in bold to their synonyms.

possibly à _____________________ turn off à _____________________

huge à _____________________ enters à _____________________

absolute à _____________________ admire à _____________________

drop à _____________________ disturbed à _____________________

locals à _____________________ make less bright à _____________________

tired à _____________________ abandoned à _____________________

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TASK 5 - Choose the correct words. Which tips help save: energy? Other natural

resources?

EASY WAYS TO BE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY!

Ø Collect / gather / pick rainwater and use it to water your plants.

Ø Use low energy globes / bulls / balls and install solar / sun / warm panels.

Ø Switch off / put off / click off household equipment / appliances / devices and lights

when not using them.

Ø Buy reduced / reused / recycled paper, use both sides & only print documents you

really need.

Ø Don’t buy new clothes – Renew / Mend / Revise your old clothes or hold a clothes

giving / swapping / changing event with friends instead.

TASK 6 - Complete the sentences with: at, in (x2), on, from.

1. Many people disagree with experimenting ___________ animals to test new products.

2. How does the Earth look ___________ space?

3. They were all ___________ a panic.

4. There are less than 100 Javan rhinos left ___________ the wild.

5. Many species are ___________ risk of becoming extinct.

TASK 7 - Read the theory, then form adjectives from the words in bold to complete the

gaps.

Bryce Canyon in Utah is one of USA’s most picturesque _____________________ (NATION)

parks. It might not be the nation’s most _____________________ (FAME) park, but it’s certainly

one of its favorites. This is _____________________ (UNDERSTAND) when you see its

_____________________ (COLOUR) rock spires in all shapes and sizes called ‘hoodoos’. The

hoodoos are set in a series of _____________________ (NATURE) amphitheatres. They shine

brilliantly under _____________________ (SUN) skies.

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TASK 8 - Choose the correct particle.

1. The pollution in the river turned up / out to be from a local factory. (was discover to be)

2. Our safari holiday turn over / into a nightmare. (became)

3. Could you turn down / up your music, please? It’s a little loud. (decrease the volume of)

4. Katy turned down / over her invitation to the event. (rejected)

5. Could you turn on / off the TV, please? No one’s watching it. (cut off the power to)

TASK 9 - Complete the headlines with: fuels, smog, spill, gases, warming, layer, conservation.

1. Hole in the ozone _____________________ above Antarctica suddenly expands.

2. Arctic sea ice could soon disappear as global _______________ increases speed of melting.

3. Time running out of for oil & other fossil _____________________.

4. Thick _____________________ hanging over city causes breathing problems.

5. Oil _____________________ kills hundreds of sea bird after tanker capsizes.

6. Greenhouse _____________________ continuing to cause Earth’s temperature to rise.

7. ________________________ projects successfully stop decline in panda numbers.

TASK 10 - Complete the sentences. Use: prevent, save, raise, reduce, ban, fine, invest.

1. The best way to stop the polar ice caps shrinking is to ______________ energy.

2. We should _________ factories that don’t use alternative methods of disposing waste.

3. To fight climate change, we can ______________ the amount of electricity we use.

4. We can______________ the hole from getting bigger by not buying aerosol sprays that

use CFCs.

5. The government should ______________ cars from the city centre.

6. Governments need to ______________ in wind power and solar energy projects.

7. We ought to ______________ money for charities that run conservation projects.

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READING PASSAGE 2

WORD LIST
Lexical Items Examples
release (n, v) 1. She can expect an early release from
/rɪˈliːs/ prison.
à ________________________________
1
2. The hostages were released unharmed.
à ________________________________

receive (v.) 1. I was delighted to receive your letter.

/rɪˈsiːv/ à ________________________________
receptive (a.) 2. She was always receptive _______ new
/rɪˈseptɪv/ ideas.
à ________________________________
reception (n.) 3. The president gave a reception for the
/rɪˈsepʃn/
visiting heads of state.
à ________________________________
2 4. She used to work as a receptionist in my
receptionist (n.)
/rɪˈsepʃənɪst/ hotel.
à ________________________________

run (v.) (n.) 1. He has no idea how to run a business.

/rʌn/ à ________________________________
Collocations:
to run a hotel/store/language
school
running (n.) 2. They are there to ensure the safe running
/ˈrʌnɪŋ/ of the event.
3
à ________________________________
Idiom: 3. We soon had the sound system up and
up and running running.
à ________________________________

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project (n) They are taking part in a project ________

/ˈprɒdʒekt/ the genetics of eating disorders.
Collocations: à ________________________________
to fund/finance a project

to start/launch/initiate a project
4
to undertake/complete a project

a building/construction project

a project manager/team

threaten (v) to do sth 1. Greenpeace works to promote

/ˈθretn/ awareness of the dangers that threaten our
planet today.
à ________________________________
threat (n) = menace (n)
/θret/ /ˈmenəs/ 2. Nuclear weapons pose a threat _____
Collocations: everyone.
carry out sb’s threat à ________________________________
death threat
be _______ threat
5 pose a major threat ____ sth
3. The three teachers who brought the Ha
threatening (a) = menacing (a) Giang incident to light have received
many threatening letters.
à ________________________________

4. Aid workers are having to deal with very

life-threatening (a) difficult, sometimes life-threatening
situations.
à ________________________________

poach (v) 1. The elephants are poached for their

/pəʊtʃ/ tusks.
à ________________________________
poacher (n) 2. The measures are designed to protect
/ˈpəʊtʃə(r)/ the fish from poachers.
6 à ________________________________

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volunteer (n., v.) 1. Schools need volunteers to help children

/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ to read.
à ________________________________
2. During the emergency many staff
volunteered to work through the weekend.
à ________________________________
voluntary (a.) 3. Attendance on the course is purely
/ˈvɒləntri/ voluntary.
/ˈvɑːlənteri/
à ________________________________
7 4. All of the body's voluntary
movements are controlled by the brain.
involuntary (a.)
/ɪnˈvɒləntri/ à ________________________________
/ɪnˈvɑːlənteri/ 5. A sharp tap on the knee usually causes an
involuntary movement of the lower leg.
voluntarily (adv.) à ________________________________
/ˈvɒləntrəli/ 6. He was not asked to leave—he went
voluntarily.
à ________________________________

instruct (v.) 1. You will be instructed where to go as

/ɪnˈstrʌkt/ soon as the plane is ready.
à ________________________________
instruction (n.) 2. Follow the instructions on the packet
/ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ carefully.
à ________________________________
instructional (a.) 3. There are a range of instructional videos
/ɪnˈstrʌkʃənl/
in the library.
8
à ________________________________
instructive (a.)
4. It is instructive to see how other countries
/ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/
are tackling the problem.
à ________________________________
instructor (n.)
/ɪnˈstrʌktə(r)/ 5. He worked for a time as an aerobics
instructor.
à ________________________________

gentle (a.)
/ˈdʒentl/ 1. He looks scary but he's really a gentle
giant.
à ________________________________
gently (adv.)
/ˈdʒentli/ 2. She held the baby gently.
9 à ________________________________
gentleman (n.) 3. You acted like a true gentleman.
/ˈdʒentlmən/
à ________________________________

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gentlemanly (a) 4. So far, the election campaign has been

/ˈdʒentlmənli/ a very gentlemanly affair.
à ________________________________

vanish (v.) 1. The magician vanished in a puff of

/ˈvænɪʃ/ smoke.
à ________________________________
vanished (a.) 2. The temple ruins are a distant reminder of
/ˈvæn.ɪʃt/ a vanished empire.
10 à ________________________________
3. They expressed concern about the city's
vanishing (a.) current budget crisis and its vanishing work
/ˈvæn.ɪ.ʃɪŋ/ force.
à ________________________________

NOTE-TAKING SPACE
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SAVING THE SEA TURTLES

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
It wasn’t my usual holiday

experience: standing on the beach,

getting ready to release a baby sea

turtle no bigger than my hand. But that

was how I spent my final night in Puerto

Vallarta, Mexico. During my week here,

I had seen other tourists releasing the

turtles in the early evening, and as my

stay came to an end, I decided to join in. I asked the hotel receptionist who organizer was

and she told me that his name was Ocsar Aranda.

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Oscar runs Sociedad Ecológica de Occidente – a conservation project that brings

tourists and residents together to save the sea turtles of Puerto Vallarta. These turtles are

under threat from poachers who want their meat and eggs. But Oscar and his volunteers

collect the eggs and take them to protected areas where they are allowed to hatch in

safety. Then, within 24 hours, they are taken back to the beach where tourists like me join in

the conservation effort. We listened to Oscar’s instructions. He told us that the turtles were

released as the sun goes down so the bright lights of the hotels and nightclubs don’t stop

them finding their way back to the sea. We stood a few metres from the sea’s edge holding

our one-day-old turtles carefully in both hands. At a signal from Oscar, we gently placed

them on the sand, stepped back and watched as they crawled slowly into the sea. I

watched until my baby turtle vanished beneath the waves.

Back home, I still think of the tiny baby turtle and wonder where it is now. Did it make

it to open the sea? Is it safe? Oscar Aranda has dedicated his life to saving the sea turtles; I

only gave a few minutes of my time, but those minutes will stay with for a lifetime.

TASK 1 – READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. What does the writer say about his holiday in the first paragraph?

A. He went there to help sea turtles.

B. He stayed there for a week.

C. He went there with a group of tourists.

D. He stayed at a seafront hotel.

2. What does the writer say about the resident of Puerto Vallarta?

A. They do not want the sea turtles on the beach

B. They see the sea turtles as a tourist attraction.

C. They join in and help Oscar.

D. They are a threat to the sea turtles.

3. The turtles are released at a particular time in order to ___________

A. Make their journey shorter.

B. Stop them getting lost.

C. Keep them away from careless tourists.

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D. Protect them from rough seas.

4. What does the writer conclude about his experience?

A. He will never forget it.

B. He would like to repeat it.

C. It changed his opinion about sea turtles.

D. He is more interested in wildlife now.

5. What is the writer doing in the text?

A. Trying to raise awareness about an issue

B. Explaining why he did something

C. Describing a memorable experience

D. Persuading others to do something

TASK 2 - Complete the sentences with: species, power, campaign, fossil, habitats,

packaging, smog, solar, energy, volunteers.

1. A lot of natural ___________________ are at risk.

2. We lit candles during the ___________________ cut.

3. A lot of cars still use ___________________ fuels.

4. The shelter needs ___________________ to help out.

5. I’ll try to recycle as much ___________________ as possible.

6. Rhinos are an endangered ___________________.

7. We’ve changed to low-___________________ bulbs.

8. The ___________________ panels provide electricity.

9. He had trouble breathing because of the ___________________.

10. The club started a(n) ___________________ to get people cycling more.

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READING PASSAGE 3

WORD LIST
Lexical Items Examples
set out for sth/ to do sth (phr.) He set out to design software that would be
accessible to employees outside the
1 accounting department.
à ________________________________

coast (n., v.) 1. They plan to swim around the coast of

/kəʊst/ Ireland.
à ________________________________

coastal (a.) 2. The coastal resorts are deserted in winter

/ˈkəʊstl/
à ________________________________

tail (n.) 1. The dog ran up, wagging its tail.

/teɪl/ à ________________________________
2. I couldn't make head nor tail of what he
3 Idioms: was saying.
can’t make head nor/or tail of sth à ________________________________

abandon (n., v.) 1. The baby had been abandoned by its

/əˈbændən/ mother.
à ________________________________
2. They abandoned the match because of
rain.
à ________________________________
abandonment (n.) 3. His abandonment by his mother when he
4 /əˈbændənmənt/ was a baby affected him all his life.
à ________________________________
abandoned (a.) 4. The child was found abandoned but
/əˈbændənd/
unharmed.
à ________________________________

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trap (n., v.) 1. The fox got its foot caught in a trap.
/træp/ à ________________________________
2. She survived in the wilderness by eating
berries and trapping small animals and
5 birds.
à ________________________________
3. The two men died when they were
trapped in a burning building.
à ________________________________

chance (n., v.) 1. I didn't get/have a chance to speak to

/tʃɑːns/
/tʃæns/
Collocations:
no / little chance
have a fifty-fifty chance of
6 x per cent chance of
an outside chance
her.
à ________________________________
2. There's a chance ______ injury in almost
any sport.
à ________________________________
3 You'd be a fool to chance your life
savings on a single investment.
à ________________________________
4. They chanced to be in the restaurant
when I arrived.
à ________________________________

authority (n., v.) 1. No attacks were reported to the

/ɔːˈθɒrəti/ authorities.
à ________________________________
2. The law states that parents exercise
authority ______ their children.
à ________________________________
3. She's an authority _______ criminal law.
à ________________________________
4. The soldiers were authorized to shoot at
authorize (v.) will.
/ˈɔːθəraɪz/ à ________________________________
7
5. Who gave the authorization to release
authorization (n.)
/ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃn/ the data?
à ________________________________
authoritative (a.) 6. A very authoritative voice shouted, ‘Get
/ɔːˈθɒrətətɪv/ back inside.’
à ________________________________
7. This is the most authoritative book on the
subject.
à ________________________________
authoritarian (n.) 8. Father was a strict authoritarian.
/ɔːˌθɒrɪˈteəriən/ à ________________________________

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aquarium (n.) 1. Vinpearl Land Nha Trang has a gorgeous

/əˈkweəriəm/ aquarium which attracts local and foreign
tourist.
à ________________________________

aquatic (a.) 2. Diving is an aquatic sport.

/əˈkwætɪk/ à ________________________________
gradual (a.) 1. There has been a gradual improvement
/ˈɡrædʒuəl/ in our sales figures over the last two years.
à ________________________________
9
gradually (adv.) 2. The weather gradually improved.
/ˈɡrædʒuəli/ à ________________________________

spine (n.) 1. A shiver went down my spine.

/spaɪn/ à ________________________________
2. She has replaced him in the team while
spinal (a.) he nurses a spinal injury.
10
/ˈspaɪnl/ à ________________________________

artificial (a.) 1. The patient was kept alive by the

/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ artificial heart for nearly two months.
à ________________________________
Collocations:
2. A job interview is a very artificial situation.
11 an artificial
limb/flower/sweetener/fertilizer à ________________________________
3. Their cheerfulness seemed rather
strained and artificial.
à ________________________________
limb (n.) For a while, she lost the use of her limbs.
12 /lɪm/ à ________________________________

play (v.) 1. There's a time to work and a time to play.

/pleɪ/ à ________________________________
2. All she wanted for her birthday party was
a playful puppy.
13 playful (a.) à ________________________________
/ˈpleɪfl/ 3. He gave her a playful punch on the arm.
à ________________________________

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playfully (adv.) 4. The puppy playfully pulled a bit of

/ˈpleɪfəli/ her dress.
à ________________________________
5. Maria playfully punched him in the chest.
à ________________________________
6. She plays the part with
playfulness (n.) a childlike playfulness.
/ˈpleɪflnəs/
à ________________________________

prototype (n.) 1. Scientists have developed a working

/ˈprəʊtətaɪp/ prototype for the machine.
à ________________________________
prototypical (a.) 2. Clients often ask for changes to
14
/ˌprəʊtəˈtɪpɪkl/ prototypical elements late in the design
process.
à ________________________________

special (a.) 1. There is something special about this

/ˈprɒpə(r)/ place.
à ________________________________
specialist (n.) 3. This is the view of virtually all independent
/ˈspeʃəlɪst/ specialists on the region.
à ________________________________
15 specialize (v.) 4. The shop specializes ________ hand-
/ˈspeʃəlaɪz/
made chocolates.
à ________________________________
5. The lawyer said that he was unable to
specialization (n.)
help us because our case fell outside his
/ˌspeʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/
specialization.
à ________________________________
grip (v, n.) 1. ‘Please don't go,’ he said, gripping her
/ɡrɪp/ arm.
à ________________________________
Idiom: 2. She tried to get a grip _______ the icy
come/get to grips with rock.
something à ________________________________
3. We need to tighten the grip we have
16 ______ the market.
à ________________________________
4. I couldn't get a grip _______ what was
going on.
à ________________________________
5. I'm slowly getting to grips with the
language.
à ________________________________

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false (a.)
/fɔːls/ Modern office buildings have false floors,
Collocations: under which computer and phone
17 wires can be laid.
false teeth/eyelashes
a false beard

tale (n.) His latest book is a delightful children’s tale

/teɪl/ about talking animals.
18
à ________________________________

A Tale of a Tail
1. Jim Savage was setting out for a day’s fishing off the Florida coast when he heard

the cries of a baby dolphin in trouble. The three-month-old had got her tail caught in the

ropes of an abandoned crab trap. Jim knew that if he left her, the dolphin would have little

chance of survival. He cut her free and got in contact with the authorities. She was taken to

Clearwater Marine Aquarium, but her injuries were so severe that she lost her tail.

2. The aquarium staff named the baby dolphin Winter and she gradually learned how

to swim again. Unfortunately, because of the way she was moving in the water without her

tail, she was in danger of developing a problem with her spine. Kevin Carroll and Dan

Strzempka, who ran a company making artificial limbs, heard about the problem on the

local radio and had a brilliant idea. Kevin and Dan told the staff at the aquarium that they

would make an artificial tail for Winter!

3. There were a lot of challenges that Kevin and Dan had to deal with along the way.

For example try fitting and artificial tail on a playful young dolphin that doesn’t want to stay

still! It took over fifty prototypes and a year and a half before Winter finally got her new 30-

inch tail. It hadn’t been easy, but after 30 seeing her swim with it for the first time, Kevin said

that the months of hard work had been truly worth it.

4. Making the tail was only half the story, though. For Winter to be able to swim

properly, the artificial tail needed to be held in place without damaging her skin. Specialists

came up with a soft material that firmly grips the skin and doesn’t hurt. Designed especially

for Winter, this material was so successful that ‘WintersGel’ is now being used to make artificial

limbs more comfortable for people with false arms and legs all around the world.

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5. Winter’s story is an inspiration to all of us. Because a few men helped a single baby

dolphin, daily life is now much better for millions of people. Winter has now become the main

attraction at the aquarium, with thousands of people coming to see her every year. In 2011,

her story was made into a film, Dolphin Tale, starring Winter herself. It’s a film about a dolphin

that would have died, but lived to tell the tale because a few people cared.

TASK 1 - Read the text and for each question 1-5 choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

1. What does the writer say about Jim Savage?

A He caught a dolphin in his trap. B He found an injured Dolphin

C He saved a dolphin from other fishermen. D He bought a dolphin from an aquarium.

2. The writer emphasizes Winter’s swimming style because ______________

A he is explaining how she could injure herself by swimming.

B he wants to demonstrate how long it took her to learn to swim.

C he is highlighting the fact that the aquarium staff couldn’t help her swim.

D he wants to emphasize how difficult life was for her.

3. What is the purpose of describing the challenges Dan and Kevin faced?

A to explain why they made so many mistakes B to demonstrate that they are very clever

C to show how difficult the task was for them D to describe how much fun they had

4. What do we learn about WintersGel?

A It was successful for people. B It should only be used for Winter.

C It took time for Kevin and Dan to make it. D Without it Winter can’t swim properly

5. In lines 48-49 ‘become the main attraction refers to the fact that ____________

A Winter is the most popular animal in the aquarium.

B Winter is in the biggest tank at the aquarium.

C Winter’s pool is in the middle of the aquarium.

D Winter is the only dolphin at the aquarium.

TASK 2 - In your own words answer the questions:

1. What happened to Winter’s tail?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

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2. How did Dan and Kevin help?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. How has WintersGel helped people?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

TASK 3 - Match the words in bold in the text to their synonyms.

difficulties à ___________________________ lively à ___________________________

serious à ___________________________ hope à ___________________________

encouragement à ______________________ story à ___________________________

tightly à ___________________________ left behind à ___________________________

definitely à ___________________________ popular à ___________________________

slowly à ___________________________ fake à ___________________________

TASK 4 - Fill in the gaps with: authorities, staff, developed, attraction, runs, set.

1 The _________________ at the aquarium feed the animals twice a day.

2. The dolphin pool is the most popular _________________ at the aquarium

3. Jim called the _________________ to come and help the injured animal

4. The man _________________ out on his boat to go sailing

5 The businessman _________________ his own company and makes a lot of money.

6 The dolphin _________________ a problem with its spine.

TASK 5 - Read the letter and fill in the gaps with: starring, limb, gripped, damaging,

survive, deal, worth, named, coast, trap.

Dear Tom,

It’s great to hear from you after so long. My life has been very exciting these past two years.

It all started one day just off the 1) ______________________ I was out fishing when I heard the

sound of a dolphin caught in a crab 2) ______________________ I was worried that she wouldn’t

3) ______________________ if I didn’t help so I called the authorities, who came to rescue her.

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They 4) ______________________ her Winter. She was badly injured, so they had to cut off her

tail. Sadly, trying to swim without her tail was 5) ______________________ damaging her spine.

Luckily two artificial 6) ______________________ designers heard about Winter’s problem and

agreed to help. They had to 7) ______________________ with a lot of problems, but eventually

they made her a brand new tail out of a special material that 8) ______________________ her

body comfortably. It was hard work, but everyone agreed it was 9) ______________________

it. Winter’s story is so amazing that it’s now been made into a Hollywood film 10)

______________________ Winter herself! I can’t wait to see it.

I can’t wait to see it.

Have to go now.

Jim

TASK 6 - Match the words to form phrases.

1 household a. project

2 social b. cut

3 conversation c. transport

4 power d. panel

5 solar e. appliances

6 public f. issues

1 à ________; 2 à ________; 3 à ________; 4 à ________; 5 à ________; 6 à ________

TASK 7 - Fill in the gaps with: pollution, injustice, peace, packaging, campaign, security,

poverty, unemployment.

1 Why are products wrapped in so much ___________________ these days?

2 The ___________________ lights come on when someone passes the entrance.

3 The family live in ___________________, never knowing where the next meal is coming from.

4 The ___________________ rate is too high in this country, with so many people out of work.

5 The air ___________________ makes it hard to breathe in this city some days.

6 The environmental ___________________ aims to stop people littering.

7 It’s a(n) ___________________ when the weak have no protection from the powerful.

8 After years of war, the two countries are finally at ___________________.

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TASK 8 - Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs in the list.

Ÿ affect Ÿ fine Ÿ capsize Ÿ decline Ÿ prevent

RACE TO SAVE COAST

Locals are fighting to protect beaches after an oil tanker 1) ____________________ close

to shore last night. Over 1,000 barrels have spilled so far and experts estimate 100km of

shoreline will be 2) ____________________. Most of the oil will be dealt with at sea, 3)

____________________ it from reaching the coast, but some of it certainly will. Biologists have

warned that the sea turtle population, whose numbers have 4) ____________________ in

recent years, could possibly become extinct. They have called on the company that owned

the ship to be 5) ____________________ a record amount of money to set an example.

TASK 9 - Fill in the gaps with: endangered, spill, bulbs, waste, fuels, change, power,

gases, warming, layer.

1 We use low energy ____________________________ in our house.

2 We can reduce household ____________________________ by recycling more.

3 When fossil ____________________________ burn, they produce carbon dioxide.

4 Greenhouse ____________________________ trap heat from the sun rather than letting it

escape into space.

5 Global ____________________________ is causing the ice caps to melt.

6 The huge oil ____________________________ is threatening sea life along the coast.

7 Is the hole in the ozone ____________________________ still getting bigger?

8 The snow leopard is a(n) ________________________ species, with fewer than 7,500 left alive.

9 The planet is experiencing extreme weather due to climate ____________________________.

10 Some islands could produce most of their electricity from wind ________________________.

TASK 10 - Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs in the list.

Ÿ save Ÿ melt Ÿ recycle Ÿ volunteer Ÿ promote

Making a Difference

Are you worried about your planet warming up and the ice caps 1) ________________?
Don’t just sit there, then - take action! There are many ways of 2) ________________ the green
lifestyle!

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Ø Start at home by 3) ______________ energy. Turn off any lights and electrical appliances not
in use!

Ø Write to the government and ask them to ban the use of any plastics that can’t be 4)
________________.

Ø 5) ________________ for a local environment group. Choose an issue that’s close to your
heart - and join the light!

TASK 11 - Complete the sentences with the words derived from the words in bold.

1 It’s _________________ to have every light in the house switched on. (NECESSARY)

2 Cleaning up the park was a(n) _________________ task, but worth it. (EXHAUST)

3 A lot of _________________ could be prevented if people had clean water. (ILL)

4 The burning of fossil fuels is a _________________ issue. (GLOBE)

5 There should be more _________________ for the homeless in this city. (ACCOMMODATE)

6 When _________________ falls, bats come out of their caves to hunt. (DARK)

7 He started up at the beautiful _________________ sky. (STAR)

8 All residents should put their rubbish outside their houses on Tuesdays for _________________.

(RECYCLE)

9 The biologists lost most of their diving _________________ in the storm. (EQUIP)

10 The park is an area of great _________________ beauty. (NATURE)

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FURTHER PRACTICE
I. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH: IN (X2), ON (X5), AT, DOWN, OFF, OUT, AGAINST.

1 People who live _______________ the streets are _______________ risk of getting sick.

2 Turn _______________ the music or switch it _______________ completely - I’m studying.

3 The rapid decline _______________ black rhinos means time is running _______________ for

these wonderful creatures.

4 The group is fighting _______________ scientists experimenting _______________ animals.

5 We saw some black clouds _______________ the horizon, so we turned _______________ the

radio to check the weather forecast.

6 The storm had no effect ___________ us, but left a nearby town ____________ total darkness.

II. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

1 They are picking up rubbish on the beach now. BEING

Rubbish ___________________________________________ on the beach now.

2 Granddad gets someone to take his waste to the recycling centre. TAKEN

Granddad ___________________________________________ to the recycling centre.

3 Using public transport is s lot cheaper than driving a car. MUCH

Driving a car is ___________________________________________ than using public transport.

4 The last time I went to a zoo was five years ago. BEEN

I ___________________________________________ to the zoo for five years.

5 “Is Mary at the animal shelter?” asked Brian. ASKED

Brian ___________________________________________ at the animal shelter.

6 “Make sure you put your rubbish in this bag,” our teacher said. (TOLD)

Our teacher ___________________________________________ rubbish in that bag.

7 “I’m sorry I didn’t go to the meeting,” said Jack. (APOLOGISED)

Jack ___________________________________________ to the meeting.

8 “Mark, please switch the light off when you leave the room,” said Lisa. (TO)

Lisa ___________________________________________ the light off when he left the room.

9 “Have you heard about Earth Hour?” Clare asked Max. (WHETHER)

Clare asked Max ___________________________________________ about Earth Hour.

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10 “Don’t forget to join us on World Environment Day,” Liam said to Ava. (REMINDED)

Liam ___________________________________________ on World Environment Day.

11 “Don’t go near the cages,” the teacher said to the children. (WARNED)

The teacher ___________________________________________ go near the cages.

12 “Yes, we can help plant some trees,” said the twins. (AGREED)

The twins ___________________________________________ plant some trees.

13 “We will reduce air pollution,” the mayor promised. (THEY)

The mayor promised ___________________________________________ air pollution.

14 “Which bin do plastic bottles go in?” Logan asked me. (WENT)

Logan asked me ___________________________________________ in.

15 “There are only about 500 Siberian tigers left in the wild,” said my guide. (EXPLAINED)

My guide ______________________________________ only about 500 Siberia tigers left in the wild.

III. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE WORDS DERIVED FROM THE WORDS IN BOLD.

1 There is a shortage of ________________. People will have to share rooms. (ACCOMMODATE)

2 I would be ____________________ to get a job near my house. (DELIGHT)

3 This is a public-service ____________________ about the environment. (ADVERTISE)

4 Using night-vision goggles, Blake could move in complete ____________________.(DARK)

5 The moonlight gave the surface of the lake a ____________________ colour. (SILVER)

6 Noise ____________________ can cause serious health problems. (POLLUTE)

7 I am speaking ____________________ now (SERIOUS)

8 These ____________________ were almost unknown in earlier periods of history. (ILL)

9 Some people suffer from ____________________. (DEPRESS)

10 During the power cut, we went outside to look at the amazing ________________ sky. (STAR)

11 The heavy traffic going to and from the factory is ____________________. (CONTINUE)

12 I’d like to move to a better area, but the rents are simply not ____________________.

(AFFORD)

13 Finley worked for a month on a wildlife ____________________ project in Bali. (CONSERVE)

14 This rhino horn was __________________ obtained through criminals and poachers. (LEGAL)

15 The koala is an ____________________ species. (DANGER)

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IV. CHOOSE THE CORRECT PARTICLE.

1 Switch off / over the TV and do your homework!

2 The strange noise turned up / out to be a cat in the garden.

3 The light rain got heavier and turned onto / into a storm.

4 Tell Paul to turn down / from his music - it’s too loud.

5 Helen turned down / round the invitation to give a public lecture.

6 After the documentary ended, I turned off / out the TV.

7 We will eventually run up against / out of coal and oil.

8 What will we burn when we’ve used up / over all the fossil fuels?

V. CHOOSE THE CORRECT PREPOSITION.

1 I looked up / over into the sky, but couldn’t see the stars.

2 The alarm on my car is flashing on / in and off.

3 A lack of / to sleep means students feel tired at school.

4 Burning fossil fuels leads to / through pollution and global warming.

5 We marvelled above / at the stars in the clear night sky.

6 The scientists refused to experiment off / on animals.

7 The Earth looks blue and white from / over space.

8 We were in / past a panic when we realised we were lost.

9 Animals should be allowed to live in / about the wild.

10 The planet is at / within risk if we don’t look after the environment.

11 The Bengal tiger is below / under threat from deforestation.

12 We must impose heavy fines to / on companies that pollute.

13 There’s more and more demand from / for recycled products.

14 We have been recycling paper with / at work for a long time.

15 Most of the dust in your house is made off / of human skin.

16 I was connected to / for the Internet, but it stopped working.

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