WOLLEGA UNIVERSITY SHAMBU CAMPUS

FACAULITY OF RESORCE MANAGMENT AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF SOIL RESORCE AND WATER SHED
MANAGMENT
RESEARCH REPORT ON ASSESSING OF FARMER ADOPTION
ON ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN CASE OF DOYOBERISO
KEBELE
BY:
NAME ID NO
1. HUSSEN ADEM…………………………….……………………1100337
2. AGAZHE DESSIE………………………….…….………........1100065
3.BELETE FIKRE…………………………….........……………….1100157
4.ADDISALEM ZEWDU............................................1100058
5.AMARECH WORKU...............................................1100091

ADVISOR,ADANU(M.SC.)
JULY,2013
SHAMBU, ETHIOPIA
 Acknowledgement
First and for most, we would like to thank almighty God for all his authorization in all
aspiration including the completion of this research. Then we would like to express
our deepest gratitude to Mr.Adanu for all her immense devotion, supervision
constructive comments and sincere, faithful, endless support and patience to help us
for accomplishing our research and also we would like to say thanks our department
and doyoberiso kebele farmers and agricultural office to give us necessary
information from the beginning of proposal writing up to the end of this research.

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 Table of Contents

Content page
Acknowledgement..........................................................................................................i
ACRONYMS................................................................................................................iv
List of Tables..................................................................................................................v
Abstract.........................................................................................................................vi
1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the study...................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the problem..................................................................................2
1.3.1 General objective....................................................................................2
1.3.2. Specific objective...................................................................................2
1.4 significance of the study....................................................................................2
1.5. Research question.............................................................................................3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................4
2.1 Concept and definition of organic fertilizer......................................................4
2.2 Source of organic fertilizers..............................................................................4
2.2.1. Animal source.........................................................................................5
2.2.2. Plants......................................................................................................5
2.2.3. Sewage sludge........................................................................................5
2.3. Compost...........................................................................................................6
2.4. Manure.............................................................................................................6
2.4.1. Types of manure.....................................................................................7
2.5. Importance and value of fertilizer....................................................................8
3. METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................9
3.1 Description of the Area.....................................................................................9
3.1.1. Location..................................................................................................9
3.1.2 Topography and Vegetation.....................................................................9
3.1.3 Climate....................................................................................................9
3.1.4 Population...............................................................................................9

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 3.1.5 .Land Use and Farming System............................................................10
3.2 Methods...........................................................................................................10
3.2.1. Quantitative data..................................................................................10
3.2.2. Qualitative Data...................................................................................10
3.2.3. Sampling technique and Sampling size................................................10
3.2.4 Type and Source of data........................................................................11
3.2.5 Methods of data collection....................................................................11
3.2.6 Methods of data Presentation and Analysis...........................................11
4. RESULT AND DISCUTION.................................................................................12
4.1 Data presentation, analysis and interpretation................................................12
4.1.1 Result and interpretation on age of the respondent...............................12
4.1.2 Results on Age, Education and marital status of respondent................13
4.2 The relationship between organic fertilizer and user......................................15
4.3 Types of organic fertilizer used in the farm land.............................................16
4.4 Importance of organic fertilizers.....................................................................17
4.5 Factors affecting the adoption of organic fertilizers.....................................18
5. Conclusion and Recommendation........................................................................20
5.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................20
5.2. Recommendation............................................................................................20
6. REFERENCES.......................................................................................................21
Appendex....................................................................................................................22

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 ACRONYMS
ADLI Agricultural Development Led Industry
ARS Agricultural Research Service
FYM Farm Yard Manure
USDA United State Development of Agriculture

List of Tables

iv
Table 4.1 sex of the respondent……………………………………………………12
Table 4.2 age, marital status and educational level of the respondent…………….14
Table 4.3 relation between organic fertilizer and users…………………………….16
Table 4.4. Importance of organic fertilizer…………………………………………17

Abstract
The study was conducted in Doyo berisso kebele to investigate farmer’s adoption of
organic fertilizer. The study area was selected by using simple random sampling and
Solvent formula was used in order to determine the sample size. we also used both

v
primary and secondary data sources such as interview, questioner, and internet
service and other related materials. Descriptive statics used to describe the result in
such like percentage and tables. The result showed that most of male’s adoption of
organic fertilizer and most of the respondent was use. Moreover, compost and animal
dung the most common type of organic fertilizer adopted by the farmers and used to
increase crop production and improving soil organic matter in order to satisfy food
security enabling by increasing soil fertility and production. We recommend that the
organic fertilizer users should improve their knowledge by working co-coordinately
with agricultural professionals. Therefore, the government should give emphasis to
agricultural sector in order to increase farmer perception of using organic fertilizer
and food security though sustainable land management.

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 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The agriculture sector in Ethiopia is the most sector for sustainable economic growth
and reducing poverty. However, lack of adequate nutrient, the depletion of soil
organic matter and soil erosion are the major obstacles to sustained agricultural
production (Grepperud, 2006; Kassie et al., 2008).
Since 2007, Ethiopia has included conversational tillage and compost as part of its
extension package to reverse land degradation (Edward et al,2007;Sasakaw Africa
Association,2008There exist ample evidence to show that compost and conservation
tillage can result in higher and comparable yields, compared to chemical
fertilizers(Edward et al,2007 and Mesfin et al; 2005).
Fertilizers are defined as materials having definite chemical composition with a high
analytical value that supply plant nutrient in available form (P.K.Gupta, 2004).
Organic fertilizers are fertilizers derived from animal matter, human execrate or
vegetable matter (E.g. compost, manure) (Heinrich Dina mar, 2002). Organic
fertilizers are made with natural raw material, it usually pertains to our bio gradable
waste. It usually compost is made by decomposing bio gradable wastes. These wastes
include paper, leaves, fruit peelings left over foods and even fruit juices. Organic
fertilizers make a good addition to the soil.It make the soil reach and ideal to planting
(Salssya, 2005).
The use of organic fertilizers which emphasizes maximum reliance on renewable local
or farm resource. Which is the advantage of being cheap, improving soil structure,
texture and aeration? Increasing the soils water retention abilities and stimulating
healthy root development (Tawarog, 2007)

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1.2 Statement of the problem
Ethiopia is faced the economic policy based on Agriculture Development Led
Industry (ADLI).Agriculture is the core of driver of Ethiopia economic growth and
long term food security. 85 % of the total population are dominantly practice on
agriculture, however, the soil productivity and soil fertility in the agricutural area
becomes lose due to low organic matter content and high eroion. Without regular
addition of adequate amount of organic materials to the soil, there is concomitant
Increase of runoff erosion, overgrazing, low organic matter in the soil, cannot
maintain ease of runoff erosion, overgrazing, low organic matter in the soil, cannot
maintain and sustain productivity, poor water holding capacity, low crop yield and
gradual deterioration of soil physical properties.
In the study area, the soil type is easily eroded by erosion agents. Even though the soil
are not rich and less sustainable for cultivation for growing number of crop due to in
adequate supply of organic fertilizer that creates suitable content of organic matter in
the soil.
1.3 Objective of the study

1.3.1 General objective

 The main objective of this research is to assessing farmer’s adoption on
organic fertilizer in the case of Doyoberiso kebele.

1.3.2. Specific objective

 To identify farmer’s perception in the use of organic fertilizer.
 To identify the source of organic fertilizer.
 To determine the importance and value of organic fertilizer in the soil.

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 1.4 significance of the study
The study helps identify different organic fertilizer and their role in the community
for improving the soil fertility and productivity. It would be used to take remedy
action or solution by over viewing the factor those affect organic fertilizer users and
to supplement the right way in order to increase crop yield and improve the soil
structure.

1.5. Research question

 What is the source of organic fertilizer?
 What is the perception of farmer adoption organic fertilizer?
 What is the important and value of organic fertilizer in the soil?

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 2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Concept and definition of organic fertilizer

Organic materials, the combined products of different animal and plant sources, play
vital roles in agricultural crop production systems. They are more environmental
friendly than inorganic fertilizers and added many values to soil and crop production,
economically.They sustain and restore soil inherent properties, enhance soil biological
activities and potentially increase crop yields, which are safe for human consumption
(that is, free from chemicals).
Organic fertilizers are fertilizers derived from animal matter, human excreta or
vegetable matter (E.g. compost, manure).naturally occurring organic fertilizers
include animal wastes from meat processing, peat, slurry and guano. The main
organic fertilizers are in ranked order, peat, animal wastes (often from slaughter
house), and plant wastes from agriculture and sewage sludge (Heinrich Dinamer,
2002).
The major widely used term, organic fertilizer describes two major aspects of
alternative agriculture. Firstly, the substitution of manure and other organic matter as
organic fertilizers and secondly the use of biological pest control. Organic farmer’s
emphasis using only organic fertilizers for fertility maintains. In many aspects,
organic farming is the way of life as it is a method of farming (Dahama, 1997).

2.2 Source of organic fertilizers

Organic fertilizer addition to the soil have long been considered important in
maintaining the quality of both natural and managed soil ,principally b/c of their role
in providing nutrients and through their role in influencing soil physical
properties(Amlinger et al;2007). The main organic fertilizers are ranked order; peat,
animal wastes (often from slaughter house), and plant wastes from agriculture and
sewage sludge (Heinrch Dinamar, 2002).

2.2.1. Animal source

These materials include the product of slaughter of animal, blood meal, bone

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meal,hides,hoofs,and horns are typically precursors (Heinrich dianmer,2002).chicken
litters, which consists of chicken manure mixed with sawdust, is an organic fertilizer
that has been shown to better condition soil for harvest than synthesized fertilizers.
Agricultural Research service (ARS)Studied the effect of using chicken litter, an
organic fertilizers, versus synthetic on cotton field, and found that fields fertilized was
chicken litter had a 12% increase in cotton yields over fields fertilized with synthetic
fertilizer(researchers study value of chicken litter in cotton production,2010).

2.2.2. Plants
Processed organic fertilizers include compost, hemic acid, amino acid and seaweed
extracts. Other example are natural enzymes, digested proteins, fish meal, and feather
meal. Decomposing crop residue (green manure) from prior years is another source of
fertility. Other ARS studies have found that algae used to capture nitrogen and
phosphorus runoff from agricultural fields can not only prevent water contamination
of this nutrient but also can be used as an organic fertilizer.
ARS scientists originally developed the ‘’algal turf scrubber’’ to reduce nutrient runoff
and increase quality of water flowing into streams, rivers and lakes (‘’Algae; Amen,
green cleaning machine’’USDA agricultural research service, 2010).

2.2.3. Sewage sludge

Although night soils are traditionally organic fertilizer, the main source of this type is
sewage sludge. Recycled sewage sludge (ask biopsied) as soil amendment is age
available to less than 1% of US agricultural land. Industrial pollutants in sewage
sludge prevent recycling as fertilizer. The USDA prohibits use or sewage sludge in
organic agricultural operations in the us due to industrial pollution, pharmaceuticals
hormones , heavy metals ,and other factors(‘’organic farming’ ’Agriculture us
EPA’’.Epa.gov.reterived,2010). Sewage sludge use in organic agriculture operation in
the U.S .has been extremely limited and rare due to USDA prohibition of the
practices. (http//www.ewg.org.com).

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2.3. Compost
Compost is the final product obtained from the decomposition of the organic matter,
wastes from preparing food and gardening, sweeping up leaves, collecting manure,
straw and grass clippings etc. It enhances soil fertility, soil structure and water storage
capacity for two or more years, unlike chemical fertilizer (Fentaw, 2010)
It is organic matter that has been recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost
is a key ingredient in organic farming. At the simplest level, the processes of
composting simply require away of wetted organic matter known as green waste
(leaves, food waste) and waiting for the material to break down in to hums after a
period of week or month (Twarg, 2006).
Compost itself is beneficial for the land is many was, including as a soil
condition ,fertilizer addition of vital humus or humus acid, and as a natural pesticide
for soil.in ecosystem compost is useful for erosion control, land and stream
reclamation, wet land construction and as land fill cover (Teklu, 2005).

2.4. Manure
These materials include the product of slaughter of animal, blood meal, bone meal,
hides, hoofs, and horns are typically precursors (Heinrich dianmer,2002).chicken
litters, which consists of chicken manure mixed with sawdust, is an organic fertilizer
that has been shown to better condition soil for harvest than synthesized fertilizers.
Agricultural Research service (ARS)Studied the effect of using chicken litter, an
organic fertilizers, versus synthetic on cotton field, and found that fields fertilized was
chicken litter had a 12% increase in cotton yields over fields fertilized with synthetic
fertilizer(researchers study value of chicken litter in cotton production,2010).

2.4.1. Types of manure

2.4.1.1. Animal manure
Most animal manure consists of faces. Common form of animal manure includes farm
yard manure (FYM) or farm slurry. Farm yard manure also contains plant
materials(often straw), which has been use as bedding for animal and has absorbed the
faces and urine .agricultural manure in liquid form known as slurry is produced by

6
more intensive livestock rearing systems where concrete or salt are used ,instead of
straw bedding. Manure from different animals has different qualities and requires
different application rates when used as fertilizer (‘’Manure’ ’Bbc.co.uk.Retrived,
2012)

2.4.1.2. Human manure

Some peoples refers to human excreta as human manure, and the word ‘’humanure’’
has also been used. Just like animal manure, it can be applied as a soil conditioner(re
use of excreta in agricultural).sewage sludge is a material that contain human excreta,
as it is generated after mixing excreta with water and treatment of waste water in
sewage treatment plant(p.k Gupta,2004).

2.4.1.3. Green manure

Green manure are crops grown for the express purpose of plowing them in those
increasing fertility through incorporation of nutrients and organic matter in to the soil
Leguminous plant such as clover is often used for this, as they fix nitrogen using
rhizobia bacteria in specialized nodes in the root structure. Other type of plant matter
used as manure include the contain of rumens of slaughtered ruminants, spent hope
and sea weed. Green manure, wherever feasible, is the principal supplementary meals
of adding organic matter to the soil. It consists in the growing of quick growing crop
and ploughing it in order to incorporate it in to the soil (P.k Gupta, 2004).

2.5. Importance and value of fertilizer

What make organic fertilizers different from chemical fertilizers is that the materials
are a by- product of vegetables, animals or minerals. The decomposing matter from
these sources, break down naturally and will provide nutrient and provides nutrient
and minerals to the soil. When considering lawn maintenance it is necessary to make
sure that the lawn or garden gets the all of nutrients that it needed for health growth.
Although nutrients are available in regular soil, fertilizers can provide and ensure that
the plant have a balance and suitable access of nutrients , proper lawn care include
providing for the health of the lawn and garden.one of the benefit of organic fertilizer
is that the nutrient are related more Slowly than a chemical fertilizers. The fertilizer in

7
a more natural way and will not result in over fertilizing which could damage the
plant .Another benefit of organic fertilizer in your landscaping and lawn care is that it
will actually help to improve the soil itself. It will help the soil to retain moisture
(Salsya et al; 2005).
The organic substance break up clay in the soil. The soil drainage and air circulation
of the soil can also be improved. When considering what sort of organic fertilizer to
use, there are verity of choice you can ask your lawn care provider if the use organic
fertilizer. Having a compost pile is also a great way to get rid of food waste and still
contribute to your lawn care and environment (Taki,O, 2001).
Natural organic fertilizer is the best choice the healthy lawn and garden.it is an
important valuable option that will help the soil and environmental be health and
produce the best plants (htt; friendly landscaping).

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 Description of the Area

3.1.1. Location
Doyo beriso kebele is found in the Horro woreda, Horro Guduru Wollega zone in
Oromia region of Ethiopia. It is found at the distance from Addis Abeba 315 km, in
awest side. The geographical extent of horo district rangefrom 09 38`north and 37
04`east latirude and longtude respectively

3.1.2 Topography and Vegetation

The topography of Assosa woreda Amba four Keble is flat area and the slope of the
study area is gentle slope with low soil fertility. The altitude range of Amba 4 kebele
is from 1400-1550 meters above sea level. The vegetation type in the study area
dominantly characterized by Eucalyptus, Mango, Bamboo, shrubs etc are dominantly

8
characterize vegetation. The land has a dominantly level or flat topography that is
suitable for farming (from Administration office, 2010).

3.1.3 Climate
The climatic condition of the study area is characterized by good climatic condition
for life and for agriculture.it exhibits kola climatic condition.
.the distribution of mean annual temperature is about 210c-350c and the mean annual
rainfall falls between 1800-2400mm.The study area is mostly characterized semi
humid and it is suitable for agricultural practice.

3.1.4 Population
Based on figures Amba four administration office the study area has an estimated
total population 750 of whom 400 (53.3%) are males and 350 (46.6%) are females.
And the total household in the study area are 175 of 128 are headed by male and 47 of
are headed by female households. People lives on the study area depend on
agriculture (Administration of agricultural office 2010).

3.1.5 .Land Use and Farming System

Dry land farming, raising livestock are mostly practice and the backbone of the
economy. The cultivation system is mono-cropping but in some where mixed crop
production followed by cattle breeding is the main production system. The
economically important crops are tiff, sorghum, sea been, ground nut, and maize.
Amba four known by eucalyptus and mango vegetation type and the vegetation cover
is low or not dense. Livestock is a major source of term power and cash income in
the region.

3.2 Methods
Both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected in the study area.

3.2.1. Quantitative data

These data was collected from the kebele household and converted into numerical
form or it was obtained as numerical form from secondary sources so that statistical
calculation was be made.

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3.2.2. Qualitative Data
These data was collected from the kebele household through recording and analyzing
attempting to uncover the deeper mining and significance of human behavior and
experience.

3.2.3. Sampling technique and Sampling size

For the purpose of this study the simple random sampling was used to select the
sample household for household survey. The sample size for this study was
determining by using Solvents’ formula, which was developed in 2012.
Slovene formula
Where S=sample size
n=175/1+175(0.1)2
N=Number of house holds
e=significance level=0.1 n=175/2.75=63
The number of the respondents are in percentage =36

3.2.4 Type and Source of data

The primary data was collected directly from kebele households by face to face
interview, questioner and physical observation.
The secondary data was collected from different published and unpublished
documents, project reports and government officials.

3.2.5 Methods of data collection

The data was collected from both primary and secondary data source. The primary
data was collected through structured and self-administered open ended and close
ended questionnaires and filed observation. It was selected in the way to obtain the
relevant data for the community about the importance of organic fertilizer. Whereas
the secondary data was collected from different published and unpublished
documents, project reports and different government offices and internet service.

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3.2.6 Methods of data Presentation and Analysis
Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used in data analysis. For
qualitative technique the method used, table and percent for interpretation and for
quantitative the method data simple descriptive statics was used, like spss softe ware
and other method.

4. RESULT AND DISCUTION

4.1 Data presentation, analysis and interpretation
4.1.1 Result and interpretation on age of the respondent
This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of data gathered through primary
and secondary data collection process. As indicated in the below table1, which deal
about sex comparison of the respondent, majority of the respondent were male which
cover of the total household 43(68.3%) and the other were 20(31.7%) females, males
were more engaged or familiar with the adoption of organic fertilizer.
The results showed that the proportion of male headed households were higher the
adopters of organic fertilizer compared to that of female headed households. Among
the adopters of organic fertilizer, the higher proportion of male headed households
could be due to better exposure that the male headed households have to different
technologies and trainings delivered by extension agents. From the Amba four
agricultural extension office gives as information (2018), male heads are more likely
to attend community meetings and visit demonstration plots or research centers
compared to female heads. This could possibly make male headed households to be
more adopters of organic fertilizer.
Source own survey (2018).

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Table 4.1 sex of the respondent

Sex Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid male 43 68.3 68.3 68.3

female 20 31.7 31.7 100.0

Total 63 100.0 100.0

4.1.2 Results on Age, Education and marital status of respondent

The results of continuous socio-economic variables are given in Table 2. Results on
age show that the average age for the sampled farmers were between 36-45 years
highly use of organic fertilizer (Table 2). The average age of organic fertilizer
adopters were 34.9% of respondents more familiar with the use of organic fertilizer.
These results show that majority of the households were at productive stages of their
lives in terms of the capacity to work. The Amba four agricultural experts say that
younger household heads are more likely to adopt organic fertilizer on their farm area.
This might be due to the fact that younger farmers are typically less risk-averse and
are more willing to try new technologies. Education is the potential source of
knowledge which enables one to understand instructions, access and comprehend
information about the new technology (Amba 4 AGR office 2018). In this study,
education level was measured as the number of years of schooling starting from zero
or no education to university graduate. The average years of formal schooling for the

12
sampled farmers were 15.9% from the given sampled respondents (Table 2). Among
the 63 sampled respondents in educational level 50.8% were can read and write and
33.3% were illiteracy.
Marital status of farmers Adopters of organic fertilizer among the 63 sampled
households 65.1% of respondents were marriage and more familiar with the use of
organic fertilizer. The remaining 14.3%, 15.9%, and 4.8% were unmarried, divorce,
and widow of the respondents. Education could likely allows farmers to make
efficient decision, and be the easily adopters and who can take the advantage of the
new technology.
The table below which shows that age, marital status and educational level of the
respondent (source of data survey in 2018)
Table 4.2 age, marital status and educational level of the respondent
respondent Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent
<25 10 15.9% 15.9
26-35 17 27% 42.9
36-45 22 34.9% 77.8
>46 14 22.2% 100
Total 63 100
M status Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent
Marriage 41 65.1 65.1
Unmarried 9 14.3 79.4

Divorce 10 15.9 95.2

Widow
3 4.8 100.0

Total
63 100.0

Educational
level of
Respondent Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent
Illiteracy
21 33.3 33.3

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can read write
32 50.8 84.1

Primary 7 11.1 95.2

Secondary
3 4.8 100.0

Total
63 100.0

From the above table (background or status of the respondent),the major respondent
were can read and write and illiteracy which covered 32(50.8%)and 21(33.3%) of the
total sample household mean that they actively received the technical aspect of
development agencies and use organic fertilizer due to non-costly and easy to prepare.
4.2 The relationship between organic fertilizer and user
According to table 1, most of the respondent are correlates with the preparation of
organic fertilizer; which covered 43(68.3%) of the total sample household were male
and 20(31.3) of the respondent were females, who were familiar with the use of
organic fertilizer. This indicates that they were closely related with the adoption of
organic fertilizer. Whereas, the familiarity of respondent with organic fertilizer
parameters data shows all the respondent are familiar with adoption of organic
fertilizers are non-costly, materials are easily available and simple to preparation and
application in the surrounding environment.
Extension service refers to demonstrations, trainings and advice delivered to the
farmers mainly by development agents and other agricultural experts. It was measured
in terms of the frequency of farmers meeting with extension workers during the
previous agricultural season. The difference in the average extension contacts between
the adopters of organic fertilizer was significant at percent probability level. The
results show that the adopters of organic fertilizer had better access to extension
services justifying that the higher frequency of extension visits may have contributed
toward adoption of organic fertilizer. Agricultural experts are more likely to give
information about the adoption of agricultural technologies and the use of organic
fertilizer. In relation to the distance to the nearest market place, overall average
distance to the nearest market was 4 km. A farmer who is closer to the market place is
likely be more informed about technologies compared to the one who is furthest from

14
the market place reflecting that the closer farmer could easily adopt organic fertilizer.
According to the Amba 4 agricultural expert (2018), farmers who are on a shorter
distance to the market are more likely to have access to agriculture-related
information through different channels. This might have compelled the farmers who
are close to the market place to engage in adoption of organic fertilizer.
Information can be accessed through different media such as radio and television
where the flow of information in the farmer.
Most of the people in the study area are related with the adoption of organic fertilizers
why because it is simply found around their home as the environment. The interesting
things are the preparation and materials are non-costly and easily available. The
majority of the respondent occurred using both up mixing (plant part and animal dug)
which covered 35(55.6%) and from animal dung 20(31.7%) and also 5(7.9%) and
(3.8%) from plant part and waste material respectively out of the total sample
household mean that they have large number of livestock and plant around their
surroundings that creates opportunity for preparation of organic fertilizer and user.
Table 4.3 relation between organic fertilizer and users (source own survey 2018)

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid plant part 5 7.9 7.9 7.9

animal dung 20 31.7 31.7 39.7

mixing of palnt
35 55.6 55.6 95.2
animal

waste material 3 4.8 4.8 100.0

Total 63 100.0 100.0

When we understand from the relationship between adoption of organic fertilizers and
the users, (the condition of organic fertilizer used) most of the respondent use organic
fertilizers for improve their soil fertility and increase crop productivity.

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4.3 Types of organic fertilizer used in the farm land
There are different types of organic fertilizers but in case of my study area compost,
animal dung, manure and residue are used. Most all of the respondent use different
type of organic fertilizer but the major of respondent use compost which covered
49(77.8%), animal dung covers 9(14.3%) and green manure 4(6.3%) and crop residue
which covers 1(1.6%)of them are used t. This is due to compost is easily prepared
around the environment.
Table 4.4. Type of organic fertilizers (source own survey 2018)

Frequenc Valid Cumulative

4.4
Type of organic fertilizer y Percent Percent Percent
Valid Compost 49 77.8 77.8 77.8
Green manure 4 6.3 6.3 84.1

Animal dung 9 14.3 14.3 98.4

Crop residue 1 1.6 1.6 100.0
Total 63 100.0 100.0

Importance of organic fertilizers

As we have seen the above result or information show that organic fertilizers have
many advantages as we get the information from the respondent and Analysis the
result obtained from the study area reveals that, the entire respondent understood the
importance of organic fertilizers. In addition to this, some of the respondent told us
Organic fertilizer is the key of our life survive mean that without organic fertilizer our
production was decline and becomes food insecurity.

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Importance of organic fertilizer

Source data survey from Amba four district of Ethiopia (2018).

Table 4.4. Importance of organic fertilizer
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid crop production 42 66.7 66.7 66.7
soil fertility 9 14.3 14.3 81.0
reduce cost of
7 11.1 11.1 92.1
fertilizer
reduce soil erosion 5 7.9 7.9 100.0
Total 63 100.0 100.0

4.5 Factors affecting the adoption of organic fertilizers

In study area, Doyoberiso Keble there are different factor, which affect the adoption
of organic fertilizer.
In this area adoption fertilizer was among the highly promoted agricultural
technologies to improve farm productivity. This promotion included both organic and
inorganic fertilizer. However, adoption of organic fertilizer remains low up to early
2016 compared to inorganic fertilizer due to some exogenous factors determining
acceptance of this technology. These factors were classified into socio-economic
factors and institutional factors. Socio economic factors include household related
variables such as household characteristics, and ownership, labor number of livestock

17
while institutional factors include access to the market, information, knowledge about
the use of organic fertilizer and credit. It was hypothesized that several factors
influence organic fertilizer adoption. A younger household with less experience, more
formal education level and higher number of working family member is likely to
adopt organic fertilizer. Thus, the more the level of education, number of working
family members and farming experience of household, the higher the likelihood of
adopting organic fertilizer. Female headed households are unlikely to adopt organic
fertilizer compared to male headed. Due to lack of labor, were not attend training,
were not exposure to meeting, information access compared to male headed house
hold. Land and livestock ownership have positive effect on adoption of organic
fertilizer.
Factors influencing organic fertilizer adoption
Household characteristics:
- Age - Occupation
- Gender - Land ownership
- Household size - Livestock ownership
- Marital status - Farm income
- Experience - Number of family members who can
- Education level provide labor

 Adoption (organic fertilizer use)

I. Access to market and finance:
- Access to credit
- Access to buy organic inputs
- Distance from residence to the nearest market
II. Access to information:
- Extension services
- Membership in local farmers association
- Ownership of TV, radio and other sources of information
If a household owns livestock, they would have better sources of organic fertilizer
such as animal manure. Farmers can get information from local farmers associations,
extension services and information media. Thus, improvement in access to
information could increase farmers’ propensity of organic fertilizer adoption.
Availability of organic fertilizer at a lower cost for farmers increases likelihood of

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adopting organic fertilizer.

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 5. Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
The study result shows that compost and animal dung were the most common type of
organic fertilizer adopted by the farmers to increase crop production and improving
soil organic matter.Therfore, we can conclude that organic fertilizer is critical
important for ensuring food security , reducing poverty and conserving the vital
nutrients. In the research mostly males are more engaged and adopt with organic
fertilizer and people in the age range between 26-35 and 36-45 and illiteracy
traditionally correlate and adopt with organic fertilizer. Most of peoples are occur
organic fertilizer by both mixing up(from plant and animal dung and used to improve
the farmland and compost ,animal dung are the most common types of organic
fertilizer who peoples are adopt and used in order to increase crop production,
increase soil fertility and reduce cost of fertilizer.

5.2. Recommendation
Finally, As recommend that the organic fertilizer user should improve their knowledge
by working co-ordinate with agricultural professionals and the government should
emphasis for the agricultural sector in order to adopt organic fertilizer for the ensuring
of food security, alleviating poverty and conserving the vital nutrient. In addition to
this, every responsible sector should be returning their eyes on the development of
agriculture sector to improve the knowledge and the status of the organic fertilizer
users and also professional of agricultural should be involved in the preparation of
organic fertilizer and check the occurrences material is used in selected way.

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 6. REFERENCES
"AIgae: A mean, green cleaning machine "USDA Agricultural research service, 2010.
Alternate farming systems information center “organic production and food;
information access tools" .Nal.usda.gov, 2010.
Edwards, S., A. Asemelash, H. Araya, and T.B. Gebre-Egziabeher. 2007."Impact of
Compost use on crop production, tigray, Ethiopia. FAO.Natural resource
management department.
Fentahun Ejigu., (2010). Bio-slurry in Ethiopia: What it is and How to Use it
Grepperud, S. 1996, population pressure and land degradation: The cause of
Ethiopia," journal of environmental economics and management.
Heinrich Dinamer, Reinhold Guster, Gunter Steffen's "Fertilizers, 2. Types".Hemmat,
A., and Taki, O. 2001. "Grain yield of irrigated winter wheat as Stubble-
tillage management.”(http://friendly landscaping.articleally.com)
http://www.fertilizer.org/. Bbc .co.uk.
Retrived, 2012. Gupta, p.k., 2004. A hand book A hand book of soil, fertilizer and
manure 2nd edition.
Rural and agricultural Development office of Amba four Keble, 2010.Salasya, BDS
(2005) Crop production and management.
Sasakawa Africa association (2008).
Twarg.2006. ‘’organic agriculture. Abrade and Sustainable development. Opportunity
for developing countries.
Teklu Erkossa (2005). Land preparation methods and soil quality of a vertisol area the
Central highlands of Ethiopia. PhD thesis, University of Hohenheim,
Stuttgar
UNCTAD and UNEP (United nation conference on trade and development and United
nation environmental program). 2008. UNCTAD-UNCTAD capacity
Building Task force on trade, environment, and Development. New York
and Geneva; United Nations.

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 Appendix

Zone ------------- Woreda ----------- Kebele ---------------------

I. Back ground information of the households
1. Sex 1. Male 2. Female
2. Ages A. 20-30 B. 30-40 C. 40-50 D. >50
3. marital status A. Widowed B. marriage C. unmarried D. Divorced
4. Education A. Illiterate B. Primary C. Secondary (9- D. preparatory (11-
Level school 10) 12)

II. Community participate on watershed management

1) Have you used adoption of organic fertilizer?

a) Yes
b) No
2) If question number 3 is yes for what purpose you were used?
a) To increase crop production
b) To increase soil fertility
c) To reduce cost the cost of fertilizer
d) To reduce soil erosion
e) To conserve soil moisture
f) If you other list --------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
3) How do you evaluate the purpose of organic fertilizer?
a) Very high
b) High
c) Medium
d) Low
e) Very low

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4) From what material you prepared the organic fertilizer?

a) From plant part c) Human waste

b) From animal dung
d) Mixing up both(from plant and animal)
e) List if there use another material? -----------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
5) What opportunities help you to use organic fertilizer?
a) Large number of livestock
b) Large family size
c) Large Land size
d) Access to extension service
e) List other opportunities if there is? -------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6) What types of organic fertilizer do you use?
a) Compost
b) Animal dung
c) Green manure
d) Crop residue
e) list other types if there is--------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------

7) What factors you restricted in order to adopt organic fertilizer?

a) Limited extension service
b) Lack of media
c) Limited land size
d) Limited pasture
e) list if there is others-----------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
8) What are the constraints for farmer adoption of organic fertilizer?
a) To reduce the amount of erosion

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b) To increase crop productivity
c) To improve soil nutrient capacity
d) If there is others, list them? ------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------

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