ODA BULTU M UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCE

DEPA RTMENT OF FORESTRY

PRACTICAL ATTACHMENT REPORT

NURSERY SITE AND BED PREPARATION PROCESS

IN OBU NURSERY SITE

ADVISOR. ABERA LEMI (MSC)

PREPARED By GEMACHU JAWAR ALI.........ID NO 2592/11

 DECEMBER,2023

 CHIRO, ETHIOPIA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all we would like to express our greatest thanks to our creator God for his

help and healthy during our practical period and also, we have special

thanks to Environmental Forest and Climate Change Authority Team Leader…………

his voluntary allowing in obu site for our practical attachment.

We are also grateful to our advisor Mr.Abera Lami for commenting attachment.

We have special thanks to Mr.berkiling and Mr.Kebru foremen of worker of Obu

nursery site who helped us in giving advice, comment and in all provision of

necessary materials for performance of our task and made to us to be

accompanying in our practical attachment. Of course not forgetting other staff

members at the site farmers,

labours and livestock section. To all of you we says THANK YOU.

Finally we would like to express our deepest thanks to all Obu Team Leader office
workers for their support on different things and advice how we adapt to
the Organization objectives.
TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE

COVER PAGE.............................................................................................................. i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................... ii

TABLE OF CONTENT................................................................................................ ii

CHART........................................................................................................................vi

ABBREVIATION..........................................................................................................vii

CHAPTER ONE

1 .INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 1
1 .1 BACKGROUND................................................................................................... 1

1 .2 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................2

1 .3 VISION AND MISSION OF NURSERY................................................................3

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 NURSERY SITE PREPARATION...........................................................................4

2.2 NURSERY SITE OPERATION ..............................................................................4

2.2.1 Sources of seed.................................................................................................4

2.2.2 Bed preparation..............................,......................................................................5

2.2.3 Sowing seed....,...........,.............................................................................................8

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CARE AND MANAGEMENT...............................................................................8

3.1 Mulching...............................................................................................................8

3.2 Potting...............................................................................................................
3.3 Pricking out
Shading...................................................................................................................
 3.4 site.In page ...........................................................................
3.5 Watering............................................................................................................
3.6 Weeding..............................................................................................................

3.7 Root pruning............................................................................................................

CHAPTER FOUR

3.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA .....................................................................

3.2 METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED ...............................................................................

3.2.1 Extension system to transfer technology to the farmers........................................

3.2.3 Material or tools to be used.................................................................

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION............................................................

5.1 CONCLUSION......................................................................................

5.2 RECOMMENDATION.......................................................................
6. Reference.....................................................................
CHART
Table 1 . Types , their scientific and common names of seedlings in Obu nursery

...................................................................................................................................
CHAPTER ONE

1 INTRODUCTION
1 .1 . Background

Development in plantation forestry begins with the production of good quality

seedlings.

This good quality seedling provide from nursery.

Nursery is an area where young plants can grow with special care and protection.

It produces seedlings for afforestation, reforestation and commercial purposes. We

need to establish nursery because of newly germinated seedling of most trees species

fail in competition with other plants and it is impractical to give specific site

seedlings apart the care needed for survival. Forest planting site receives a minimum

of soil preparation fertilizing and maintenance for economic forester can only

afford to provide growing condition to raise healthy and vigorous plants. Most

nurseries produce plants for specified program. The required species, ready at the

right time, of the right size and

sturdiness produced insufficient numbers for the planting progra
Nursery and plantation in chiro Obu bureau of EFCC was when it established could

not stayed for lot's years. but, merit/advantage is like as other university. therefore
nursery site permanent nursey they serve. Permanent nursery site are usually large
centrally locate , nurseries which produce some Decades , Lands , millions of seedling

attained foremen or forester site nursery can use rather sophisticated methods of

raising seedlings and have better control over soil mixture shading and

watering. nursery site establishment when obu site taken to from 2003 E.Cthis

nursery
Objective is the goal or aim that the process plans to do beneficial for local
community

and environmental stability. The chief objective of the Obu nursery site are:-

♠ Achieved the seedlings for forest establishment such as

Protecting and conserving geneting resources in that area .

♠
Reducing soil erosion and preventing soil fertility there by increasing

agricultural production

♠ Protecting and conserving forest in particular

♠
To change the sentence of agro forestry into reality for comfortable life

of
the community

♠ To reduce rapidly increasing of environmental climate change

♠ For fastening of area closure work

♠ For enhancement of farmers productivity

v
 1 .3 VISSION AND MISSION OF THE Study Of Nurser.

1 .3.1 Vision Of The Study Of Nursery

The Environmental Forest and Climate Change Authority vision is

ethiopia in which prevent the impact from environmental pressure,
ruduce air pollution, rud ucing lowlands for longer exists with Chinaksan
Distriction as model they want to
1 .2 . OBJECTIVE

set an example by supporting and empowering the local population to create

favorable conditions for their

country in the future.

1 .3.2 Mission Of The Study Of Nursery

Environmental Protection, Forest and Climate Change Authority stands as

partner to the people of Ethiopia. Many Ethiopians still live in unfavorable

condition environmental degradations, population growth increasing

urbanizations, globalizations, climate

change and technical progress are impacting living conditions in ever spaces of
time.

This study take account of the different level hoods and economic

interdependencies in this workers. our approach is not just selective. It takes

place with in holistic context projects factor in and bolster the entire value

chain. Starting from foodproducing farmers and agricultural cooperatives via

the carrier’straders and craftsmen right to the person selling the product. By

v
integrating the different focal points and economic activities we ensure that the

development has a positive and corrective.

When to start raising seedlings: The time to start work

v
in the nursery depends on when field planting is planned. It is important to

allow sufficient time for seedlings to grow to a size where they will survive well

in the

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Nursery Site preparation

field (normally 30 to 45 cm, though this depends on the species, where seedlings

will be planted in farms, and how they will be managed) . The initial labour

needed to establish a nursery – in bed construction, soil collection, fencing, the

procurement of tools, etc. –can take considerable effort but can be done some

time in advance of raising seedlings. The sourcing of seeds or rootstocks

that will be used to establish nursery plants (see below) will also often need
to be done in advance.

Soil collection: The soil used to raise seedlings should be fertile and should
drain well. Once a suitable collection site has been identified, clear the surface

of weeds, leaves and other litter, then dig out the topsoil to a depth of about 1 0 cm

deep. Remove any stones and roots, ideally be sieving. Then mix 2 parts of soil

with 1 part of manure

or compost and 1 part of sand.

2.2 Nursery operations

Tree nursery operations involves various activities such as, seed sourcing, Seed

bed preparation, Sowing seeds, Potting, Pricking Out, Shading, Watering,

Weeding, root pruning, application of additional fertilizers or manure.

2.2.1 Sourcing seed and pre-treatments

Sourcing tree seed: It is important to try and use good quality seed in planting.
Seed can be collected from trees locally –from farms, forest or public land as

long as one

collects from at least more the 30 trees –or can be bought from suppliers. It is a

good . idea to collect seed with neighbours; then bulk this seed together and

share it out. In this way, diversity is maintained in planted material, which is

important in promoting good performance. When getting seed from a supplier,

it is important to look at the seed and check that it appears to be of good quality,

and hasn’tbeen collected too early (is immature) or contains many empty seed.

Before planting a lot of seed, it is a good idea to first check it’s viability by

seeing if it germinates well. Once you have an idea about viability, then it will be

possible to estimate how many seed need to be planted to get acertain number of

trees (for example, how many seed to plant in an individual pot) . Seeds can be

bought from local seed dealers, from NGOs, and from institutions and the Forest

Department. More information on how to source seed can be obtained by getting

in contact with your local seed centre, or by reading resources like Tree Seeds .
Pre-treating seed: Sometimes it is important to treat seed before it is planted, in
order to improve on the level, speed and uniformity of germination. These

treatment

methods can be used when seed does not otherwise germinate well.

2.2.2 Bed preparation process for seedling

Seed bed should be meter (1 m) wide and to reach the center of the bed from other

sides of the bed. They can be of any length but, usually not of estimation of the area.

Required for all necessary operations usually 60 cm paths are left in between the beds
and 75 cm between blocks.Seed beds can constructed by using the following procedure;
 Stage the site where the bed is going on

 Mark out the size and shape of the bed

 Erect riveting board around the mark area

 Place allayer of grave

 Fill the bed with the seed bed soil mixture

 Use the rake or flat bed with hands

During our practical period obu nursery site workers are on the process of bed

preparation
for seedlings.
So for bed preparation we work as procedure mentioned above.

vii
2.2.4 Sowing seed

When raising seedlings in pots it is normal to use polythene tubes that are around 1

0 cm in diameter and 20 cm deep, though the size of pots will depend on the species

in question and the time that seedlings will be in the nursery. Instead of using

plastic tubes, other locally available materials that can be used include small tins, milk

packets, cardboard boxes, banana fibre containers, calabashes and clay pots. It is

better to use open-bottomed than closed containers, since this allows healthier root

development and possible root pruning. If tins or other containers are being used, it is

important that holes are made in the bottom to allow the movement of water.

Seed sowing time depends on the species and the time it takes to attain size for

planting out (30-45 cm) . It is important the seeds are sown in time to enable

the seedlings attain the recommended size (at least 30-45 cm in height) . This

should be attained before the

onset of rains .

vii
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Care and management

3.1 Mulching

Cover the nursery bed with dry grass or maize stalk.The use of mulches , to protect

seedbeds from wind and water erosion, and to preventrapid drying of the soil, is

a common nursery practice. The materials used include brush,limbs, burlap,

screen, cheesecloth, andsawdust.Bind or cling to the soil and notbe easily moved by

wind or
water.
2.2.3 Potting
Potting mixture (soil, sand and compost/manure) should be moistened

and then pressed into containers to a depth of about three-quarters of the

height of pots. Pots should then be topped up more loosely with mixture

and pressed down lightly to about 2 cm below the top.

Heavy compaction

should be avoided at the top of pots because it will inhibit root penetration.

Before planting seed, containers should be watered lightly.

Sometimes,

more than one seed can be planted in a pot and then, if more than one
germinate, seedlings can be removed to leave a single individual.

vii
This approach might

be used if germination rate is expected to be quite low .

3.2 Pricking Out

This is the process of transferring young and tender seedlings from seedbeds into

containers (pots) . Pricking out should be carried out when the seedlings reach a
height

of 2 cm. This is usually about two weeks after sowing but depends on the species.

The pricking process:

•Water the seedbed and containers properly before commencing the operation
•Ensure adequate shade is available

•Take an empty container and fill with water to ¾levels.

•Hold the leaves of the seedlings and insert a pencil thick stick (dibble) underneath
the

root system to loosen the soil.

vii
•Pull out the seedlings gently and immediately put them in the container with

water. Note that if the roots of the seedlings are kept under sunshine they lose water

and may die.

•Make a hole at the center of the pot using a stick.

•If the roots are too long clip off the tip.

•Do not hold the stem of the seedling because they are tender and feeble –this may

injure the seedlings.

•Hold the stick in the tilting position and insert it in the soil about one centimeter
away

from the seedling to the same depth as the hole.

•Push the soil towards the seedling to hold it tightly. This ensures that all

the air pockets around the roots are closed.

•Using your fingers cover the hole you made.

•Water the containers properly once more after planting. Seedlings pricked out
from

same batch of the seed bed should be arranged in the same place.

3.3 Shading
Construct a shade to protect the seedlings from direct sunlight for two to three

weeks after pricking out. Use locally available materials such as grass, mats, or

banana fibers for shade construction.

3.4 Watering

vii
The regular supply of clean water is essential to plant growth. Plants are made out of

more than 90% water. When grown in containers, nursery plants have only a

limited
volume of substrate and do not have the

ability of mature trees to search for water from below the soil surface. The

amount of water seedlings require depends on upon:-

• Seedling age. More water is required after germination when the seedling is

youngand at pricking out but this requirement reduces as the seedling grows in age.

The amount
of water should be reduced four weeks before
completely and
the seedlings are planted out. At that stage, the soil can be left to dry out
the plants to wilt for a day. The process should be

repeated several times.

• Amount of sunlight. If the area is sunny, more water is needed and vice versa.

However, do not kee area shady for too long to reduce water use.

• Soil type. A sandy soil loses water faster than a soil with high clay

content hence need more frequent watering. However a clayish soil

becomes hard

and cracks if it dries

vii
 3.5 Weeding

Weeds are a threat to healthy seedlings development. They compete with

seedlings for nutrients, water and light hence they must be controlled. With you

hands or a dibble gently pullout unwanted growth (rouging) this should be

done whenever weeds are observed. Remove all the weeds around the beds

with a jembe and don’t leave any

rubbish around unless you are sure that this can be converted to compost.

3.1 1 . Root pruning

Root pruning is the cutting of roots to control root system development
beyond the container. Why root prune? When seedlings have reached to a
certain size and their.
roots become longer than the depth of the pots. If the roots are left without

pruning, they penetrate into the ground and develop the root systems there.

Once the root system develops under the ground, it is hard to move the pots, and

if the roots are cut when the seedling is old, the seedlings will be weakened; hence

periodical root pruing is

required before the root system reaches into the ground. The period and
interval of
pruning depends on different species and other conditions. Root pruning

should be done regularly preferably every 2 –3 weeks. Prune when seedlings are

the height of the

span of your palm and when their roots have started to penetrate into the under

surface Procedure

vii
•Water the seedlings properly before root pruning.

•Using a sharp knife or wire or scissors to cut the long roots underneath the
container.

You can also uplift the containers (wrenching) to cut overgrown roots.

CHAPTER FOUR

3.3 Brief description of the area

2
Obu nursery site is established on 1 .8 hectaras we measured with 1 800m

Its shape is rectangular and contains both productive and nonproductive area.

Productive area in this nurseries are:-

♦ 6 blocks seed beds

♦ 25-35 around beds with and 4-5 in each blocks

♦ Approximately 3,500-4,000 seedling in each bed

♦ Russiania tree straightly as a hedge

♦ Elephant's grass and medicine planets between some beds

Nonproductive area in this nurseries are

 One car roads

 Few much of environmental protect

vii
  Six bed
 Grass and stick keeping place
 Compost working place
 Access paths between beds
 Soil damp place
 Fences Table 1 .1 type of seedling and there scientific and common name of seedling in
Qebena
site.

 Wind break
No Scientific name of Common name of seedling
seedling

1 Afrocarpus falcatas Birbirsa

2 Grevilia robusta Grabla

3 Melia azedarach Kinin barzaf

4 Psidium guajava Zaytuna

5 Olea europaea L. Ejersa

6 Juniperus procera L. Gaattiraa habeshaa

7 Lepidiu m sativum Feto

8 Casuarina cunninghamiana Shewshewe

vii
 4.2 Methodology Followed

Composting is done to produce an organic fertilizer that is balanced in plant

nutrients. This organic fertilizer is known as humus, improve soilfertility, moisture

retention and soil aeration. Compost was prepared by letting alternate layer of

carbon and nitrogen rich plant or animal waste to decompose through microbial

action. Verm compost is a type of snails that we use as fastening the reaction of

compost and they can produce compost in short period of time. We use this snails

currently to produce compost in a short period of time. Those snails enact and react

in moisture temperature of soil and composting place, also they should have

protection from hazards insects, ants, rodent’s

birds and etc.
Moringa is a tree uses for agro forestry, fence and animal fodder, but this plant is fast

growing, so difficult to transport pruning method is preferable.

Extension system used to transfer the technology to the farmers

During our practical attachment period to transfer the technology of obu nursery

site to the farmers we use extensional systems as mentioned below:-

The farmers currently know the benefit of plants for their life and other life of

organisms, but more over to develop farmer’s knowledge on the technical use of

forest in his everyday life and for future generations. The knowledge of agroforestry

and soil water conservation is back bone for green goal strategy. So society must be

educate the
essential purpose of nursery site on the forest establishment.
. Selecting model farmers in community

. Working with community what they done on their

farm .
 4.2.1 Material Tools To Be Used

Every nursery should have a sufficient scare should be taken of the tools which

would then have a long life. It is not wise to keep workers sitting formal at critical

period of worker because of shortage of tools. a list of tools we used during our

practical period for bed preparation upto pruning of root

for distribution of the seedling are provided below.

Boxes:-for carrying of the seedling when distribute to community and planting

take
place
Spade:-for mixing of soil for bed preparation and for load to wheel barons

Digging fork:-for digging of soil prepared for bed preparation

Digging hoe: -establishment and lining of the mark out bed.

Watering cans:-for watering of the seeded and souled bed after mulching
Rake:-for leveling of the bed and filter the soil during made the pot.
Pruning knives:-for pruning of easy growledroot and shoot of plants.
upply of tools for different operations. A good
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5 .1 Conclusion
Every plant in obu nursery site distributed to all community and many

organization in some kebele. But, each and every seedling founded in this nursery

site distributed
without any payment from community.

Elephants grass is a grass species founded in Qebena nursery site ,workers cut at

upper and bottom of the plant and distribute the community bottom lifted

starts regeneration and upper platinumsees of this grass is, hedge ,soil

conservation ,fodder,compost,house construction and etc. All soil type are important

but, not all soil

types are important for nursery site.
Soil type important for nursery site are:-

 Forest soil
 Local soil
 Sand soiland climate change
5.2 Recommendation
O b u n u r s e r y site making extensive effort to raise different species of seedling and

enhance productivity and solving the problems of the society as a whole in the

woreda and kebele. However, there are some challenges that the organization need

to think about and to be improved. Hence we recommended on the following points

for the functioning

of the organization incline to run intended goals.

Those are:-

 The organization required to generate an educated body in order to run its

activities smoothly.
  Avoid huge farness of their office from nursery site.
 Strength training and awareness creation about new agricultural technologies
and their adoption to the society farmers.
Strength of nursery and management in the o b u n u r s e r y s i t e founded as many

people change

C environmental
became the attitude on about
Reference

♣ EFCC bureau Documents (2021 ),by Mr.Mesfin Eshetu.

♣
Establishment and development of lTTOPD .271 /04 R.E.V.S(F) NURSERY .August,

2007

♣ F.E.Morby.2009.Nursery-site,selection, layout, and development.

♣
Goor.A.Y.,and C.W.Barney.1 976, Forest tree planting in arid zones. Ronald preys
New

York.409 p.

♣
Joel Buyinza and Vincent (201 6) .manual for community tree Nursery operation and

tree farmers.
♣
Ritchie.G.A.1 980.seedling physiology. Silviculture.Institute, Oregon state

univ.,corvalling .unpunished rep.

♣ Wikipedia. Org/wiki/OdaBultumUniversity.last edited on 1 5 April 2021 .

♣
World Agroforestry center(201 3); Manjura MR,Gachu riofari DA, Mpada MM.,A

training manual for small hold farmers and nursery operators.mental protection