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Organisms can belong to a third domain: Eukarya. Eukaryotic cells are larger (0.01 to 1
mm) and contain a nucleus and organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic
reticulum. Plants, animals, fungi and protists belong to this domain.
**In this investigation, you will view both preserved specimens and living specimens from
the domain Eukarya and the domain Bacteria.
Light microscopes in the lab are not powerful enough to clearly see
bacteria to make observations. While some slides may be available
to you for viewing, complete the Bacteria exercise by going to "A
Survery of Bacteria" at http://bit.ly/bactypes or use the QR Code.
1. Sketch streptococcus and estimate its size.
________________________
Spiral -shaped
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Rod - shaped
a) Cut an onion and remove the thin skin-like membrane that lines the onion
layers with tweezers.
b) Place a tiny portion of this skin a slide and stain with iodine.
c) Place a cover slip over the sample and view at 40x, 100x and 400x.
d) Sketch the onion cells and label the cell wall and the nucleus of the
sample at 400x.
e) Sketch the elodea cells at 400x and label any structures you can see.
a) There are many preserved slides of protozoans available which include the ameba, paramecium,
euglena and spirogyra. You can choose to focus on one or two of these samples.
b) Sketch and label the protozoan(s) you chose to investigate.
c) Choose one of your samples and estimate its size. ____________
Exercise 3: Application
1. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, listing at least 3 similarities
and 3 differences.
2. Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cells, listing at least 3 similarities and 3
differences.
3. Much of this investigation asked you to estimate the sizes of cells you viewed. Create a
list of cells, ranked in order from the smallest to the largest that includes at least 4 of the
cells you observed in this investigation.
4. The Kingdom Protista traditionally contains microorganisms that are difficult to classify
as plants or animals. In fact, one protist, called the euglena can switch from being a
heterotroph to being an autotroph depending on food availability. The image below shows
a euglena. Discuss why biologists might have a difficult time classifying this organism.