Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Iba, Zambales
SY 2020-2021
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
MODULE 1
NAME: ________________________________________________________________________
PROGRAM OUTCOME
All St. Augustine’s School, Inc. graduates can accurately apply and
integrate sound concepts, skills, processes, technologies, and information from
the major scientific disciplines to develop and implement workable strategies
that have a direct bearing on their daily lives and decisions.
EPO4 : Describe and explain the new Scientific abilities they have developed as
the result of self-initiated learning experiences and projects
EPO3 : Explain the factors that generally affect their decisions and actions, and
assess the consequences they produce.
EPO10 : Openly demonstrate their basic and advanced Science Process skills as
experienced individuals and improve them according to the feedback they
receive.
CONTENT STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
APPLICATION COMMITMENT
Cellular Structure
Your body has many kinds of cells each specialized for a
specific purpose. Human body is like a house made from a variety
of building materials constructed from many cell types. For
example, an epithelial cell protects the surface of the body and
covers the organ and body cavities within. Bone cells produce
substances to support and protect the body. Cells of the immune
system fight invading bacteria. Blood and blood cells carry nutrients
and oxygen throughout the body while removing carbon dioxide.
Figure 3: Animal’s red blood cells.
Each of these cell types plays a vital role during the growth, development and day-to-day
maintenance of the body. In spite of their enormous variety, however, cells from all organism even ones as
diverse as bacterium, onion and human share certain fundamental characteristics.
REFLECTION:
In your own words, why is the discovery of cell so important?
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All living organelles are composed of one or many cells. The cell is the building block of life,
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which is able to control and execute several functions in all types of organisms. The cell is generally
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microscopic, but its size varies from one organism to another and also from the parts of the organism itself.
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Cell structures can only be observed under high magnification electron microscope and are separated
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internally into numerous membranous compartment called organelles (little organs).
Activity 2: Organelles Nicknames
Directions: Complete the table. Write the name of each organelle in the blanks. In the second column,
indicate
Figuresit 5is and
found in animal cell,Plant
6: Respectively, plantand
cellanimal
or both.organelles
Create a nickname for each organelle that is connected
3D structure.
to its function. Write its function and comparison in the last column and answer the guide questions below.
Animal/
Organelle plant/ Nickname Function In the same way…
both
The security guard controls
Plasma Security Cell membrane controls what
Both that comes in and goes out of
Membrane Guard comes into and out of the cell
the school premises.
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi
Apparatus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cilia
Flagella
Guide Questions:
1. Organelles work together to sustain the overall function of the cell and maintain homeostasis. Predict
what would happen if one of the organelles was removed. How would that affect the survival and
efficiency of the cell?
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2. Among the cellular structures described in the activity, which organelles do you think is the most
important?
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Cell Types
Every living organism falls into
one of two groups: eukaryotes or
prokaryotes. Cellular structure
determines which group an organism
belongs to.
Figure 7: This figure shows the generalized structure of a prokaryotic cell. All prokaryotes have chromosomal
DNA localized in a nucleoid, ribosomes, a cell membrane, and a cell wall.
Figure 8: Examples of microbial cell shape.
All prokaryotic organisms are unicellular (single-celled) which include the members of Kingdom
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. They are much simpler in unicellular structure (Figure 7) and may occur
singly,
Figure 9: in
Thepairs, chains,
figure showsclusters, aggregates
relative sizes or colonies.
of microbes Prokaryoticscale
on a logarithmic organisms are each
(recall that extremely
unit ofmicroscopic
increase in
ranging from
logarithmic scale1-10 micrometers
represents a 10-foldinincrease
diameters compared
in quantity to measured).
being eukaryotic cells that are bigger with 10-100
micrometer in diameter. Some species are rod-shaped (bacilli), spherical (cocci), spiral, etc.
All multicellular organisms including humans, which are composed of complex or many cells, are
examples of eukaryotic cells. Kingdom Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia are the members of eukaryotes’
cellular structures perform variety of functions. Plasma membrane and cell wall are found in both cell types;
however, their composition and structure are highly dissimilar. Different eukaryotic organisms have varying
features in terms of the composition, structure, and function of the cell organelles. For instance, fungi cell is
different to plant cell in many aspects.
Directions: Complete the table. Write in the table “Present” if the organelle is present to prokaryotic or
eukaryotic and if not write “absent” and answer the guide questions below.
Organelle
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Plasma Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Guide Questions:
1. Are all prokaryotes unicellular? Can they be multicellular? Explain.
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2. What is the significant of compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells?
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Let’s Review
• Cells are the smallest functional unit that makes up all living things.
• The cell membrane is a dynamic barrier that is semi-permeable and fluid, composed of a
phospholipid bilayer and proteins.
• The endomembrane system is composed of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes;
transport vesicle, vacuoles and other membrane bound components.
• Unicellular organisms have different cell structures than multicellular organism; plant cells have
different structures from animal cells so as the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Congratulations, you had just finished your module 1! After studying our lesson, kindly write the
things you learned, found interesting and question as your learning summaries
Congratulations, you have finished your lessons in module 1! After studying our lesson, kindly
write the things you learned, found interesting and question as your learning summaries.
My Reflection:
REFERENCES
Book References:
Dequillo, Ma. Rea, M.,et al, 2017, General Biology 1, Rex Book Store, Inc.
M. Ayassar, et al, 2017, General Biology 1, Vibal Publishimg
Digital/Internet References:
Robert Hooke’s drawing of cork
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hooke.html
Animal cell organelles 3D
https://stock.adobe.com/ph/images/animal-cell-3d-rendering-isolated-on-white-with-the-organelles-labeled/250912083
Plant cell organelles 3D
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/363173157426532105/
Picture: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftextbookofbacteriology.net%2Ftuberculosis.html&psig=AOv
Vaw3bHhX-
fXqhvxIVCERYxbxI&ust=1599153273034000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCLDWzKn8yusCFQ
AAAAAdAAAAABAD
Picture: Plant cell chloroplast
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F540150549037636494%2F&
psig=AOvVaw1gyIlc4ZZSvK8F6AYvYgfc&ust=1599153533484000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwo
TCNjHmKX9yusCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Microbial cell shape
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miraclesregenerative.com%2Fanti-
bacteria%2F&psig=AOvVaw0DPvdksPIoYCmqqfPtE4MW&ust=1599155804279000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=
0CAIQjRxqFwoTCNCdmuCFy-sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI