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LESSON 1: Use a variety of Informative, Persuasive and Argumentative writing

techniques
INFORMATIVE WRITING
● Its purpose is to share information with the reader.
● An information is usually presented in a straightforward way.
● It may include diagrams, photographs, maps, graphs or illustrations
● Inform and educate readers, define a term. Impart straightforward information and facts
but never personal opinion

2 TYPES OF INFORMATIVE WRITING

INSTRUCTIONAL
● HOW TO DO SOMETHING
INFORMATIONAL
● HOW SOMETHING HAPPENS

USES OF INFORMATIVE WRITING

DESCRIPTION
● It explains the topic in detail.
COMPARISON/CONTRAST
● Describe similarities or differences between two subjects
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
● Present a problem and propose a possible solution.
CAUSE AND EFFECT
● explain and analyze why something happened or how something occurred
SEQUENCE
● describe the series of events or a process in some sort of order

PERSUASIVE WRITING
● to convince a reader to do something or to believe what you believe about a certain topic
Persuasive Writing can be used to
● support a cause
● Urge people to action
● Make a change
● Prove something wrong
● Stir up sympathy
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LESSON 2: COMPOSING AN INDEPENDENT CRITIQUE ON A CHOSEN SELECTION

CRITIQUE
● is an in-depth evaluation of a story, novel, film, or other reading/viewing materials for the
purpose of giving the public an insight into the text.

CRITIQUES CONTAIN A CAREFUL EVALUATION MAINLY ON THE FOLLOWING

ELEMENTS OF A NARRATIVE:
● SETTING
● CHARACTERIZATION
● CONFLICT & PLOT
● THEME
● STYLE

4 ELEMENTS OF A CRITIQUE
● What genre is it?
● Author’s intention
● Your reactions
● Ending of the Story

LESSON 3: LITERARY CRITICISM USING LITERARY APPROACHES

FORMALIST APPROACH/FORMALISM
● Emphasizes the form of a literary work to determine it’s meaning.
● Focuses on literary elements and how they work to create meaning.

● Form of the text.

● Style (what style was the text written in)
● Narration (first person, third person, etc.)
● Poetics (meter, rhyme scheme, etc.)
● Literary Devices
● Structure (chapters, poems)

PROS
● Gives the better understanding of the writer’s techniques in writing, example are; literary
devices, figures of speech etc.
● Works best when applied to poetry and short story fiction.
● Emphasizes the value of the text instead of its context
● Can be done without much research as structure is the only focus.
● Well-known approach
● Develops close-reading skills because you need to look into the literary devices
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CONS
● Time consuming based on the text size and writing style of author.
● Context is ignored and text is analyzed in a very technical way because it is more of
structure.
● Not compatible with all types of text.
● Ignores other aspects such as historical, phsychological, and gender aspects.
● Similarity of conclusions because it is only after of the form.

MORALIST
● A type of literary critique that judges the value of the literature based on its moral and
ethical teaching
● The concern in moral criticism is not only to discover meaning but also to determine
whether walks of literature are both true and significant

● What ideas does the work contain?

● How strongly does the work bring forth its ideas?
● What application do the ideas have to the work's
characters and situations?
● How may the ideas be evaluated intellectually? Morally?

ANALYZE THE POEM USING MORALIST APPROACH

● What is the moral conveyed in the poem?
● What does the poem say about human nature when it comes to decision making?
● How does this poem remind you of the personal choices that you made before?
● Do you think the speaker in the poem is happy about his choice? Why or why not?

FEMINIST
IT OBSERVES, ANALYZES, AND CHALLENGES:
● Empowerment for women through representation
● Women Resistance of patriarchal oppression
● Focuses in female representation in literature, paying attention to female points of view,
concerns and values

MARXIST APPROACH/MARXISM
● Based on socialist and dialectic theories
● Reflections of the social institutions
● Focuses on how literary works are products of the economic and ideological
determinants specific to that era
● Critics examine the relationship of a literary product to the actual economic social reality
of its time and place
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PROPONENT OF MARXIST LITERARY APPROACH

KARL HEINRICH MARX
● German political thinker who wrote about economics and politics
● If a place works together; runs on wage-labor, then there would always be a class
struggle
● Focuses on the struggle between capitalists and working class
● Conflict would immediately lead to a revolution in which the working class would
overthrow the capitalist class and seize control of the economy
● If the working class makes itself the ruling class, and destroys the basis of society, there
will be "classless society“
● There is no government
● Those who own property and means of production are the bourgeoise while the working
class is called the ploritariat

MARXISM
● It is the social, political, and economic theories of Karl Heinrich Marx and Friedrich
Engels.
● It is a social class struggle which means a conflict between different classes in a
community resulting from different social or economic positions and reflecting opposed
interests.
● Social Class Struggle happens when the bourgeoisie pays the proletariat to make things
for them to sell.
● The proletariat have no words to say to the bourgeoisie about their payment or their task
as they needed a job to earn money to live

MARXIST CRITICISM
● It is an approach to analyzing political and social issues in terms of the struggles
between members of different socio-economic classes.
● It doesn’t focus on the flaws of particular individuals
● Instead, such an approach focuses on how social life is structured by class oppositions
● It also emphasizes how ideology obscures and conceals class conflicts

THE SIMPLEST GOAL OF MARXIST LITERARY CRITICISM

● An assessment of the political “tendency” of a literary work, determining whether its
social content or its literary form are progressive
● Analyzing the class construct demonstrated in the literature
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PROLETARIAT
● are a large, less wealthy group of people, that in order to make money they need to
work.

BOURGEOISIE
● are a small group that controls the means of production.

FALSE CONSCIOUSNESS
● refers to a state of mind in which individuals hold beliefs and values that are not in their
own best interests but instead align with the interests of a ruling class or dominant
ideology.
● is a person’s way of thinking that prevents them from seeing what is really happening.

COSNSPICOUS CONSUMPTION
● is the act of spending money on luxury goods and services primarily to display one's
wealth and social status to others
● is the act of buying items to make one feel better about themselves.

GOOD LUCK !!