EXPERIMENT 1

ANALYSIS OF A SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH PARALLEL AND

COUNTER FLOW ARRANGEMENT

1.1 Aim
Demonstration of heat transfer and heat transfer coefficient under parallel or counter flow.

1.2 Apparatus

Figure 1.1: Shell and tube heat exchanger

1.3 Procedure

Parallel flow

1. Open shell and tube hot water supply valve by turning the handle to upright position
and keep the other valves closed.
2. Connect the cold-water inlet hose to the heat exchanger inlet SC2 via quick fittings.
3. Connect the cold-water outlet hose to the heat exchanger outlet SC1 via quick fittings.
Remark : To remove the hose, please press on plastic shoulder with one hand and use the other
hand to remove the hose.
4. Open the main water supply valve (It must be kept open during conducting the
experiment).
5. Switch on ELCB&CB, Heater breaker (H) and Pump breaker (P) at the right side of
the control box. Turn on the power switch.
6. Switch on the heater.
 7. Set the temperature as desired by adjusting the temperature control to the required
temperature. (For safety the temperature controller is set from factory at Maximum
operating temperature of 80°C).
8. Switch on the hot water pump.
9. Adjust the hot water flow rate via the valve to the desired value that can be read on the
hot water rotameter.
10. Adjust the cold-water flow rate via the valve to the desired value that can be read on
the cold-water rotameter.
11. Wait until the temperatures of the cold water and hot water become steady.
a. Read the temperatures of the hot tube at the points SH1 and SH2 at the corresponding
positions TH1 and TH2, respectively. The reading is digitally displayed.
b. Read the temperatures for the cold tube at the points SC1 and SC2 at the corresponding
positions TC1 and TC2, respectively. The reading is digitally displayed.
12. Adjust the cold-water flow rate and repeat the steps a. and b. above.
13. Repeat the experiments with different hot water flow rates and inlet temperatures.

Counter Flow Arrangement

To obtain a counter flow arrangement, reverse the cold-water connection by exchanging the
quick fitting tube inlets and outlets in the shell and tube. To achieve this target, do the
following:
- Switch off the pump.
- Connect the cold-water inlet hose to the heat exchanger inlet SC1 via quick fittings.
- Connect the cold-water outlet hose to the heat exchanger outlet SC2 via quick fittings
- Repeat the steps 4 through 13

Remark: To remove the hose, please press on plastic shoulder with one hand and use the other
hand to remove the hose.
1.4 Experimental Data Sheet

TH240 Multi type heat exchangers

Tested by…………….……………………Date…………………

Heat exchanger type: Shell and tube

Hot water pipe inside diameter = ....8...... mm

Hot water pipe outside diameter = ...12....... mm

OT Test Hot Cold Flow Hot Water Cold Water

No. Water Water Arrangem Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C)
Flow Flow ent Inlet Mid- Outl Inlet Mid- Outle
Rate Rate poin et poin t
(LPM (LPM) t t
) TH1 TH3 TH2 TC1 TC3 TC2
parallel
parallel
parallel
parallel
Counter
Counter
Counter
Counter

1.5 Calculation
1.5.1 Calculate overall heat transfer rate for cold and hot water respectively.

1.5.2 Calculate overall heat transfer coefficient based on outside, inside and mean surface of
heat transfer area respectively.

1.5.3 Calculate heat exchanger effectiveness.

1.5.4 Summarise your results as follows:

Test No. Hot water Cold Overall Overall Overall Effectiveness

heat water heat heat heat heat of
transfer transfer transfer transfer transfer heat
rate rate coefficient coefficient coefficient exchanger
qh qh Uo Ui Um ∈
(W) (W) W/m2.°C W/m2.°C W/m2.°C

1.6 Conclusions

Draw appropriate conclusions based on the results obtained from the experiment.

1.7 References
EXPERIMENT 2

SPLIT TYPE AIR CONDITIONER SYSTEM

2.1 Aim
Demonstration of the basic operations of a split type room air conditioning operation

2.2 Apparatus

Figure 2.1: Basic Air Conditioner System

Figure 2.2: Schematic diagram of basic air conditioner system

2.3 Technical Data

2.3.1 Air split type: 2.5 kW (approx. 9,000 BTU)

2.3.2 Compressor type: Rotary

2.3.3 Refrigerant: R-22

2.3.4 Evaporator air flow rate: 450 m3/approx.

2.3.5 Fan coil air flow rate: 1,500 m3/hr. approx.

2.3.6 Measuring instruments

- Pressure gauges: 2 each at compressor inlet and exit.

- Temperature sensors: 5 each at compressor inlet and exit, condenser exit, after expansion
valve,

and air condition outlet air.

- Temperature indicator: 1ea with a selector switch.

2.3.7 Require power: 800 W (approx.)

2.3.8 Power supply: 220 V 1Ph 50Hz.

2.4 Procedure

2.4.1 Be sure that the electrical power is supplied to the apparatus.

2.4.2 The power supply switch is turned on and the temperature remote controller is set to a
required room air temperature, 25°C, say.

2.4.3 The apparatus is let to running until the steady condition is reached (2 hours minimum).

2.4.4 The high-side and low-side pressures and all the temperature are then recorded.

2.4.5 Repeat steps 2.4.2 – 2.4.4 two or three times to make sure that all data collected is the
same.

2.4.6 Use the average of the results obtained from the experimental data to perform your
calculations.
2.5. Experimental Data Sheet

Room PH PL T1(℃) T2(℃) T3(℃) T4(℃) T5(℃)

temp, (kPa) (kPa)
(℃)

2.6 Calculation

2.6.1 Plot the experimental data on a p-h diagram (of R-22) to obtain the refrigeration cycle.

2.6.2 From the p-h diagram, determine the enthalpy values and hence calculate:

(a) The refrigeration effect,

(b) The compressor work,

(c) The heat rejected at condenser, and

(d) The coefficient of performance.

Tabulate the results obtained from your calculation.

2.7 Conclusions

Draw appropriate conclusions based on the results obtained from the experiment.

2.8 References
EXPERIMENT 3

EVALUATION OF COP OF A DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR OR FREEZER

3.1 Aim

Determine the COPref of a standard fridge or freezer.

3.2 Apparatus

The following standard domestic equipment is needed for this experiment:

• Fridge or freezer, preferable with a known compressor rating (e.g. 200 Watt) and known
refrigerant.
• Thermometer (preferably laser type).

3.3 Technical Data of Fridge or Freezer

Provide the technical data of the fridge or freezer.

3.4 Procedure

•Take a reading of the condensing temperature (black grid at the back of the unit).
• Take temperature readings of the evaporating temperature (heat exchanger inside the fridge).

3.5 Experimental Data Sheet

Tabulate the results from your measurement.

3.6 Calculation

From the readings and by using the appropriate refrigeration tables and charts for the refrigerant
type, calculate the COPref of the fridge or freezer.

Make appropriate assumptions where necessary.

Tabulate the results obtained from your calculation.

3.7 Conclusion

Comment on your findings.

3.8 References